
n... hl\lB 01 Z 



Book 



GlS- 



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THE MONITOR 



A Treatise of Many of the Leading 
Topics of the Day — Information Re- 
garding Home and Political Economy 
— Causes of Money Panics and De- 
pressions in Business — Causes of 
the Evils Existing in Politics To-day 
— The Necessity of a New Political 
Party — The Need of More Practical 
Knowledge — Why it is Essential to 
Make Environments ^ ^ ^ jt 




Especially Adapted for the Making of Health, Wealth and 

Happiness 



'' No man is so wise, but that he may easily err, if he will take 
no other counsel but his own." — Ben. Johnson. 



Published by 

THE MONITOR PUBLISHING CO. 

CAMDEN, N. J. 



Copyrighted, 1905. by S. B. Goff. Entered according to tlie Acts of Congress. All rights reserved 






By transfer 
:a0 mite House, 









t PREFACE I 

3?: >fe 



Every man, woman and child is desirous of acquiring something that 
will benefit them. They claim that knowledge is more valuable than any 
other gift bestowed on man, because it adds to his happiness, and, as light 
dispels darkness, so does knowledge dispel ignorance. If this were not 
true, why do we send our children to college for an education. We do it 
for their benefit, because we know that without an education, the child' 
would be in as poor a condition as if crippled, and was compelled to secure- 
a living by physical labor. 

Now, in order to properly understand this, just recall some facts of the 
early history of the human race and compare it with our present condition. 
It has been accomplished by means of our seminaries, colleges and 
churches; by means of acquiring knowledge, and adding knowledge to- 
knowledge, just like the placing of one brick upon another in the building 
of a house — one imparts and the other retains. 

This will apply to the young man, whose condition is similar to that of 
the captain of a ship. He must study his chart, or else go to the expense 
of having a pilot, in order to be able to ascertain where all the shoals and 
rocks are, in order that he may make a safe run. 

The purpose of writing this booklet is to develop in the minds of the 
readers, the great necessity of a change in our social customs ; of making 
the environments adapted to the needs and requirements of the people, in 
order that they may obtain more pleasure and comfort. 

We are all striving to reach this condition, and the writer has acquired 
certain knowledge during three score years, through force of circumstances, 
which led him through the various conditions of life, and have naturally 
enabled him to see the practical side of things, and the need of the require- 
ments necessary to obtain the greatest enjoyment. 

While I have not been reduced in the social scale of life and canix)t 
speak from my own experience with the bitter cup, the sowing of wild 
oats and the reaping of a large crop, yet, having been in business, I 
travelled for many years from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Maine 
to Florida, and having been endowed with a sense of keen observation, I 
procured considerable information, and thought that by imparting such 
knowledge, it would be helpful to those who have not had the opportunity 
of acquiring it. 

The absorption of the knowledge contained herein will enable many 

readers to shape their environments so that they may make life just as 

'they desire it. I feel that it is my duty to write this, although some people 



may think it is presumptuous on my part in endeavoring to prevent people 
from making the mistakes that are common to all. 

But, believing there may be some who will benefit by these instructions, 
I will endeavor to relate some of my experiences and impart the knowledge 
in as terse a mamier as possible, with good will to all and malice toward 
none. 

My long experience and observation have led me to believe that there is 
great need among the masses for more scientific knowledge, with regard 
to our present social customs and manner of living; therefore, my earnest 
desire is to try to establish a new regime of living with no other than a 
philanthropic motive in view. 

I feel confident that after reading the contents of this book, you will be 
thoroughly convinced of the logical reasoning contained herein, and as you 
investigate further, you will see, as I do, m}^ sincere desire to help you and 
others obtain greater enjoyment out of life instead of being compelled to 
resort to the present custom of using narcotics as a luxury. 



K How the Enviroments Cause the First Downward M 

i Step of Both Boy and Man by the Indulgence $ 

^'^ ^ '- 

t in the Use of Tobacco* ft 



'X< 






All the students of psychology admit that environments play a 
large part in the present condition of man. 

We know that it is only natural for anyone to try to procure 
the greatest enjoyment out of life and to employ many methods to 
secure this. By so doing, we frequently make many mistakes. The 
greatest and most injurious of all is the use of those substances 
which have a deteriorating effect on the constitution of a person, 
such as tobacco, cocaine, absinthe and alcohol. 

There are a great many people who differ with me and call thern 
luxuries, in order to have an excuse for using them, thereby off- 
setting their evil effects. If you will only reason with yourself, 
you will see the inconsistency of adhering to the so-called "lux- 
uries" because they are simply the gratification of a created want. 
One must reach an abnormal condition in order to enjoy these 
so-called "luxuries." 

The use of tobacco, alcohol and other narcotics has become so 
universal, that the contracting of a habit will form a character, 
often making the person become obnoxious to his friends. I am 
convinced that the great need at the present time is a more prac- 
tical knowledge of the evil effects upon the system. 

There are so many devices for alluring the people, especially 
the youngs because the older people have travelled the same road, 
and through experience have acquired the proper knowledge, and 
he uses the reasoning power w^hich was given him by our Creator 
to protect himself from the pitfalls and snares set for the un- 
wary ; therefore, you will see the necessity of using your five senses, 
that no one may steal your honor, character and reputation. 

It is logical with all hygenic teachings that anything that defileth 
the body defiles the mind. Contracting the habit of tobacco as a 

5 



supposed luxury is likened to a man who makes a drunkard of 
himself by imitating his imaginary fancy. By this he only reaps 
what he has sown, because he did not sow the right kind of 
thought. 

You may ask the question, "How can I reason?" I would sug- 
gest that you ask yourself "what is the use of anything, if there 
is no benefit derived therefrom?" 

There is a vast difference between the natural want for some 
nourishing food as a stimulant for the body, and the craving for 
narcotics ; for an imaginary mental want and the want of a posi- 
tive thing. A mental want that possesses merit, when created 
and gratified, affords pleasure, but the gratification of a narcotic 
want is likened to a person going, up to a beautiful looking herb, 
whose branches are poisoned, and he becomes inoculated with its 
poisonous effects. 

After this takes place, the only luxury he can have is by rubbing 
himself because of the poisonous effects produced by the inocula- 
tion of the herb which he came in contact with, and which caused 
the irritation. The inoculation takes place by the first use of a 
cigar or cigarette or the first quid of tobacco. Then, to subdue the 
irritation by continued use, you call it a "luxury ;" therefore, the 
person who allowed himself to tamper with this imaginary beau- 
tiful plant by placing it to the lips, is likely to be compelled to 
rub the affected part with the poisoned leaves in order to obtain 
relief. 

Now, in order to make this simile clearer and more compre- 
hensible to the minds of the readers, I will say, that contracting 
the tobacco habit is the same as a person who sucks the pulp from 
a poisonous substance which contains a germ, which becomes sec- 
reted in his stomach and must be fed so many times during the 
day. Unless you do so, the nerves of your throat and stomach 
would become so distracted that the person would become very 
restless and unhappy. 

Would you call it a luxury to allay the squirming of some rep- 
tile that you had swallowed and had remained secreted in your 
stomach? Then if you should undertake to discontinue its use, 
the greater the desire would be to supply it, and when supplied 
the luxury would be still greater. 

Habits are a mystery, but their effects are alike every time. If 



you allow yourself to tamper with a poison by which you know 
that your system will become diseased, you should give this mat- 
ter your consideration. I do not wonder that this habit has become 
so universal considering the fact that there are five strong attrib- 
utes in the composition of human nature. 

The sight of others smoking is suggestive to some people of a 
pleasure, and aids the inherent curiosity, and makes them anxious 
to acquire it for fear that they will not obtain as much pleasure 
out of life as others. To illustrate : when the boy is acquiring the 
habit of smoking, the nervous system is compelled to overcome a 
sickening sensation and the boy is filled with pride through think- 
ing that he has conquered an enemy. 

The social and imitative nature of man is another reason for 
his being allured to the use of tobacco. Because of these attributes, 
the manufacturer, will plan to devise such a line of goods as to 
make this habit grow because he knows that habits are easily ac- 
quired but very hard to break. Experience has proven to the 
manufacturer that in order to increase his business he must make 
it easy for the boy to acquire the habit ; he knows that if he should 
attempt to learn to smoke by using strong tobacco he would be 
made sick, and would therefore give up trying to imitate others, 
which would naturally result in a great falling off of the new re- 
cruits to the ranks of smokers. 

The boy does not reason when he sees his father using tobacco 
that perhaps it was created for medicinal purposes and is a poison 
and not for people to injure themselves by its use. The only way 
the boy reasons is that it must be a great pleasure and he thinks 
that he would be missing a good thing if he did not learn to use 
it ; and his aspirations are to appear like a man. 

A boy does not reason that it is injurious to his health or growth, 
or that it is expensive, or that the man whom he sees, wishes he 
had never contracted the habit and would gladly break it if he 
could. 

This important subject is worthy of great consideration by all 
those who have the best interests of the present and coming gener- 
ations at heart. It is generally accepted by all students of physi- 
ology that narcotics have an injurious effect on the human sys- 
tem, and that one habit will gradually lead to another. The gratifi- 
cation of your want makes it a greater stimulant for the nervous 



8 

system. I feel confident that the use of tobacco is the cause of a 
larger part of the drunkenness existing to-day. 

The reader will observe that ninety-nine per cent, of every hun- 
dred people who are strictly intemperate are users of tobacco; 
therefore, there is a greater need of more hygienic education of its 
uses and abuses, because anything that defiles the body weakens it, 
also has a tendency to weaken the mind, because the mind con- 
trols the body, and the result is that the person will be of a more 
corrupt nature. 

No one can rise above his thoughts because of immoral habits 
and companionship of low vulgar natures, as his associations 
have much to do in forming his future. If he is strong phys- 
ically, he is in much better condition to develop a strong mind, be 
self-dependent and able to battle with the many difficulties which 
he will be compelled to encounter during his life. 

The opiate nature of tobacco reduces the vitality of the human 
system. All colleges and athletic associations, known to be win- 
ners, have been abstainers from the use of tobacco. 

The people who use tobacco are likened to having a clog fas- 
tened to them. It requires all of his physical vitality to resist an 
unnatural intruder. As the boy forces the use of tobacco upon 
himself, his physical condition is not strong enough to drag the 
clog along, and he hinders himself from developing into a large 
and strong man as the Creator intended him to be. 

By his imitative acts, he handicaps himself all his life. The 
effects are the same even when he is a man ; he is not as able to 
withstand the physical or mental labor which he is compelled to 
perform. Many say, that the use of tobacco does not harm them. 
The contrary to this statement can be very easily proven. It is 
injurious because a strong man who uses it might be stronger and 
do his work, feeling much less fatigued, and a weak man may yet 
be stronger by refraining from its use. 

There can be no middle ground to its effect. It is either a posi- 
tive benefit or a positive injury. The reader may probably recall 
some one who has lived to be eighty or a hundred years old, and 
has used tobacco all his life. In my opinion, this does not prove 
anything in favor of tobacco, because the same person might have 
lived longer, if he had not vised tobacco. His children might have 



grown up stronger and have lived longer if he had not used to- 
bacco. 

We all know nature does, perfect work,, and is far reaching in 
her effects. It is a positive fact that the father would not use to- 
bacco if he did not feel that it had some stimulating effect on the 
system. This eft'ect must be produced by the action of the heart, 
thus causing it to beat more rapidly. If this is true, it is like put- 
ting spurs to a horse, which wear him out so much sooner. 

Any poison is sure to have an evil effect on the system, which 
gradually becomes diseased, and this condition will descend to 
unborn children, who will inherit the effects, because the mother 
is compelled to breathe the impure air produced by her husband's 
foul breath from smoking. 

Chilidren, whether born or unborn, may be compared to a plant. 
If compelled to grow up under unfavorable atmospheric condi- 
tions, they will be weak and puny. It is therefore evident, that 
it will be injurious to all who come in contact with the poison. 

Some one might question, that if tobacco was not intended to 
be smoked, what was it created for? In reply to such an inquiry, 
I would state that tobacco was first cultivated as an ornamental 
plant. A great scientist extolled it as possessing medicinal vir- 
tues, for which it was largely recommended, until its use was. 
abused and it soon was considered to be a luxury. 

The Popes, Urban VIII and Innocent XI, and all the priests de- 
clared smoking to be a crime, and that its effects were injurious 
upon the system. The smokers were severely punished by the au- 
thorities of the various countries of Europe, and measures were 
taken to abolish its use. 

There is no mention of the use of tobacco in the Bible. It was 
created simply as a plant, and, because of the imitative and social' 
attributes of man, and the error of his youth, nature's law will al- 
ways be true to cause and effect. 

Thus, man, by his own instrumentality, will bring upon him- 
self various ailments, by tampering with something that will injure 
him. 

The physical effects upon the system from the use of tobacco,, 
are numeroup A great many diseases can be traced to its use,, 
such as canr ronstipation, dyspepsia, nervous affections, and,, 
very frequent.^ ^=.-ie disease of the optic nerve. Dyspepsia is large- 



10. 



ly produced because of the effect tobacco has on the saUva juice 
thus causing a large amount to be wasted when it should be kept 
in reserve to assist nature in digesting the food while eating ; other- 
wise, the food will be swallowed dry without being moistened from 
nature's supply of saliva intended for that purpose. 

It is generally accepted that an ounce of prevention is greater 
than a pound of cure ; therefore, to avoid the condition of needing 
a cure the first prescription for the patient is, knowledge. 

The writer's own experience with the first cigar and the first 
drink of whiskey brought him certain knowledge that he never 
would have obtained, but he did not profit by that knowledge as 
he should. When he became of age he accepted the advice of per- 
sons older than himself and acted according to their advice, coup- 
ling the same with his previous knowledge. When he was asked 
to smoke, he had the resolution to say "No." Since that time, he 
has been a total abstainer from tobacco and liquor, over forty 
years; and has always enjoyed the blessing of good health. He 
has no regrets whatever for the loss of the enjoyment of the so- 
called "luxuries," but as the habit did not become firmly fixed with 
him he cannot speak from real experience. 

Apparently the users of tobacco seem to think that it affords as 
much enjoyment to others as it does to themselves, for you fre- 
quently see a young man walking with a lady smoking a cigar, 
and act as though he thought she ought to enjoy it as well as 
he, because he allows the smoke to blow in her face. Neither 
would the tobacco chewer hesitate to kiss his friend or wife, as 
lovers usually do. 

This habit has a tendency to destroy the fondness or the natural 
love of inherent qualities that are known to the sexes. The un- 
pleasant odor is repulsive and the friend or wife may not respond 
to his desires to be carressed. This will often cause a husband to 
seek others who would respond to his wishes, which will finally 
lead to uncongenial relations. 

How would he appreciate his wife if her mouth was pointed 
with tobacco the same as his ? Let the young man fancy how much 
he would appreciate his lady friend if she were a constant user 
of tobacco. 

Some people might say that custom overcomes prejudice. I be- 
lieve it is contrary to our physical being to change likes and dis- 



likes because of customs. I believe there is not one woman in a 
hundred but who would rather that her husband did not use to- 
"bacco, but how can she help it ? There is but one man in four who 
is not addicted to the use of tobacco ; therefore, she is compelled 
to make choice and ofttimes accepts one with this habit rather than 
remain single. 

The only thing to do is for the young, unmarried women to form 
an anti-tobacco society, not to accept the attendance of any who 
are users of tobacco. But this would be next to an impossibility ; 
.still, much might be accomplished by way of prevention. Every 
woman should secure one of these books and make a resolution 
that the gentleman must memorize or read it very carefully as 
many times as he is years old, and then subject him to catechizing 
ty asking him the following questions : 

How much tobacco is consumed annually in the United States ? 

How do the manufacturers seek to create the desire in boys ? 

How does it affect the nervous system ? 

Why does it affect his digestive organs ? 

What would be the total cost to a man for cigars, if he should 
iDuy three cigars a day at five cents each, commencing when he is 
eighteen years of age, and continue until he is over seventy years 
of age ? 

When was tobacco first used in America ? 

What country established a law prohibiting the use of tobacco 
in the United States ? 

How many houses could be built each year at $2,500 apiece, out 
of the money consumed for tobacco ? 

Is there any special value to the United States in raising and 
selling tobacco as a commercial article ? 

What effect does tobacco have on the system, and are those who 
use it more liable to become drunkards ? 

What is the use of tobacco for medicinal purposes ? 

What is the medicinal value of alcohol, and what is its effect 
on those who use it as a beverage ? 

If it takes five drinks to make a man drunk, how nearly drunk 
is he, when he takes one drink ? 

How many people die annually because of the drink habit ? 

How many drunkards are made each year, allowing three to 
every saloon ? 



12 

How many purchased votes do the saloons control, allowing ten 
to each saloon in the United States ? 

How many people are in the almshouse because of the drink 
habit ? 

How many people are there in the penitentiaries from the same 
cause ? 

Why does the drink habit make labor cheap ? 

The object of all the foregoing questions is to cause the reader 
to make himself familiar with the contents of this book. He will 
then be able to answer them correctly. This should be read care- 
fully by every man, particularly those who have matrimonial in- 
tentions. It will be of great benefit to him for his own future hap- 
piness and welfare. 

The young lady should, by some means, endeavor to place one 
of these books in her friend's hands. She may in the course of 
nature become a mother. This thought should make her interest 
in man four-fold greater, than if she remained in the single state 
of blessedness, which frequently is far more preferable than mar- 
riage, unless the husband acts in accordance with her wishes. 

He can make her happy by practising the teachings contained 
herein. 

Our lives are made happy by conforming to such knowledge as 
will make a person lead a consistent life from true manliness. A 
man who is killing himself with drink, is just like a man who is 
pounding his own with a brick. He fixes his own punishment, as 
he is sure to reap what he has sown ; therefore, a woman's happi- 
ness largely depends on her husband, and he will see the necessity 
of storing his mind with such knowledge as shall fit him for 
making his wife happy. 

When a boy is in his 'teens, the mother plays a large part in 
making him a man, as the early years of the boy's training shapes 
his whole life. If he is addicted to the narcotic habit, it will soon 
become his master, I will therefore endeavor to give mothers 
a little advice, as to how they can prevent their sons from using 
tobacco and intoxicating drinks. 

The first requisite is for the mother to especially interest herself 
in her son's future welfare. Tell him that you have just learned 
something, which, if he will follow, will be worth many dollars 
to him. Ask him if he would not like to know what it is. Tell 



13 

him that if he will read this little book through as many times as 
he is years old, you will give him a certain sum of money. as you 
may see proper every time he reads it. 

It would be advisable for you to read it through with him, and 
fully explain it to him, and, then see that he reads it himself every 
week or month, as you may see proper. When he begins to read 
the book, tell him that if he will follow your advice, and not use 
tobacco, you will give him a gold watch when he becomes of age, 
and, after he has read it through, he will be ready to make you a 
promise. This little experience has been within the range of the 
writer. His mother gave him a gold watch for not smoking until 
he became of age. 

Now, in order to assist him in keeping this promise, you might 
occasionally mention, in a very casual way, that the use of tobacco 
is a filthy habit, and how men injure themselves by its use. You 
could show him an example of a boy who is short of stature, and 
tell him that tl\e reason he is short is because he uses tobacco. You 
can show him how much brighter the girls are than the boys, be- 
cause the girls do not use tobacco. Tell him that all the best ath- 
letes do not use tobacco. 

The father can also assist in discouraging the use of tobacco, 
by approving the mother's undertaking and advice, and assuring 
the boy that he will get his present if he keeps his promise not to 
use it. 

The best way to prevent them from forming a bad habit, or to 
enable them to break it, is to instill in their minds a thought of its 
disgusting nature, and make an object lesson to him by drawing 
upon his imagination, and showing them that it is distasteful and 
not to let his mind dwell upon it as being in any way pleasant or 
enjoyable, because we know that our minds have a great influence 
upon our physical condition, and that by dwelling continually on 
the one subject of distaste, it will become unpleasant and obnox- 
ious. 

The nerves of his physical system have been educated to use 
tobacco, because of its being a supposed luxury. 

When there is an appetite for drink, and it gets a hold on the 
system, it is due to an inflamed condition of the stomach. To as- 
sist those people in affecting a cure more rapidly, I would advise 
earnestly the following method as to how one may break the desire 



14 

for intoxicating- liquors : When a person knows that the desire is 
controlling him, that he will go into a saloon by himself, solely 
because of the craving for drink. When this habit becomes so 
great that he cannot break himself of the use of intoxicating- 
liquors, he should follow out the instructions herein named: 
First, don't allow yourself to be deluded that you can break off the 
habit, by gradually reducing the number of drinks, as the habit 
will, in nine cases out of ten, be sure to become more firmly fixed 
in the attempt to tamper with it by so doing. Second, keep away 
from your companions who cause you to be enticed into the sa- 
loons. Third, go some other way than past the place where there 
is a saloon and always refrain from looking. Whenever there 
comes over you a desire for a drink, banish it, by thinking how 
disgusting and horrid it is, and by thinking how dissipated some 
people are and rejected from society in which they at one time 
mingled. Also think of the red nose, blurred eyes and shabby 
clothing which are a result of this, and you don't wish to be like 
one. By securing a photograph of one of the worst form of drink- 
ing tramps, it will greatly assist you in refusing. I will be glad to 
mail you one free of cost. On this same principle, you will refrain 
from the drinking habit, just as you would not like to be like one 
of those tramps, as anything that is repulsive to the eye will grad- 
ually become repulsive to the mind. The author will gladly fur- 
nish further help and information on this matter. How you may 
cure yourself of the desire for strong drink, also how you may cure 
the habit of using tobacco, either chewing or smoking. If you will 
write me, I will gladly give you all the assistance I possibly can. 

I have endeavored to show you the inconsistency of the use of 
tobacco and only insist that you reason for yourself and would 
impress upon you the seriousness of the poisonous effects on the 
system. By referring to page , which is a direct copy from 

Blaisdell's Physiological Book on Narcotics, the study of which 
is made compulsory in the public schools by some states, you 
should consider how wonderfully you are made. 

Being made in the image of God, you have been given the power 
of reasoning, that would enable you to have control over yourself, 
and because of the reason, man is elevated above the beasts. 
Through the wise providence of God, he has withheld from the 
lower animals this power of reasoning, in order that they might 



15 

not know of their strength; that man may control them by placing; 
the bit in the horses' mouths. 

God has endowed man with but little instinct and intuition ; he 
is therefore expected to use his power of reasoning, by imitating 
the animal in avoiding poison. You seldom hear of an animal eat- 
ing poison or chewing it up and spitting it out. If such a freak 
should occur with a hog, the most filthy o*f all animals, man would 
place him at some state fair for the purpose of making money out 
of it. Some philosopher would verify the fulfillment of the Scrip- 
ture that the hog still had the devil in him, as when he ran down 
into the sea and was drowned. Another scientist might declare 
that he had taken on the nature of man, because any who have 
studied the origin of man have always had a great difficulty in find- 
ing out the dividing line between man and the animal. No doubt 
it is a perplexing problem when you consider that a farmer raises 
a hog and sells it for money and lives from the proceeds or a man 
who manufactures cigarettes for the purpose of enticing boys to- 
the habit of using tobacco, and using this money to live on when 
it has been proven many times that their death was due to smoking 
cigarettes. It is because of this they have been given the name of 
"Coffin Nail," and the origin of that name is credited to John L. 
Sullivan, the pugilist, who no doubt attributes his great physical 
strength to his abstaining from the use of tobacco. 

Many people seek to earn money out of their environment, irre- 
gardless of the welfare of others. Sullivan would have con- 
tinued to use the power in his fists to make money even though he- 
injured his fellowman to do it. 

The carniverous animal will kill others for its own sustenance. 
The animal by instinct seeks pasture, that will afford him a living, 
and, when the question of living is considered, there is very little 
difference between man and the animal. The difference is only 
due to a higher type of life. 

Man reasons with himself. A dog takes up his own defence and 
ejects any intruder regardless of any question of right or wrong. 

The above comparison shows us the great importance of using" 
our power of reasoning, by the enforcement of the law. Both 
young and old should be educated in order to prevent the complete 
annihilation of our race. Some believe that if tobacco were used! 



i6 

as extensively among the women as with the men, the world would 
soon become depopulated and extinct. 

We should not wonder at those who keep tobacco stores and 
seek a living in that way. Necessity prompted them to do so, but 
it is the large manufacturers who are at fault, because they encour- 
age growing tobacco, and then manufacture it into rolls of poison 
to supply the demands of abnormal craving on the part of those 
who cannot deny themselves its use, because the nervous system 
has become so distracted that in order to pacify it, the user would 
■do worse things than Esau, who sold his birthright for pottage. 

You sell yourself for a roll of tobacco with fire on one end and 
you act the part of a fool on the other, because you have made 
yourself a slave to appetite ; therefore, a man or boy who makes 
"himself a slave by his own acts, must acknowledge that he is lack- 
ing in a good common sense, or he would not have bound himself 
to an appetite for narcotics which was in no way assigned to man 
as an attribute, but, is simply a habit which largely makes man's 
destiny. Habit is merely another way of spelling ''Hell" in five 
letters, as it is necessary for a person to form a bad habit to pre- 
pare him for hell. 



AN ESSAY ON HABIT. 

A story is told of an English school master who offered a prize 
to the boy who should write the best composition in five minutes 
'on "How to Overcome Habit." 

At the expiration of five minutes the compositions were read. 
The prize went to a lad of nine years. Following is his essay : 

''Well, sir, habit is hard to overcome. If you take off the first 
letter, it does not change 'abit.' If you take another, you still have 
a 'bit' left. If you take off still another, the whole of 'it' remains. 
If you take off another, it is not wholly used up. All of which 
goes to show that if you want to get rid of a habit you must throw 
it off altogether." 

Men would do almost anything in order to obtain a few puffs 
^or chews to quiet their nerves. 

It is a fact that whatever evil habit controls a man's better judg- 



17 

ment, reduces his manhood and strikes at the safety of the nation, 
making a large per cent, of the nation's demoraHzed beings at 
the disposal of any corrupt political machinery, and by the sa- 
loon, their votes are made corners like some monoply trust. Besides 
lessening his own self-respect a man is made poorer by the use of 
narcotics, just as a person would become poorer through fire con- 
suming his uninsured property. In order to show those who are 
users of the poisonous weed where their money goes, I will give 
a few statistics, showing what he receives for his money. In it 
there is something of a destructive value, and is worse than being 
wasted. 



CIGARETTE UNDER BAN ON READING RAILWAY. 



SMOKING THEM ON TRAINS TO BE DISCOURAGED 
SO FAR AS POSSIBLE. 



NO SALES TO MINORS. 



Because of vigorous protest from Bishop Mackay- Smith, who 
recently wrote President Baer a strong letter on the subject, the 
Philadelphia and Reading Railway has decided to discourage ciga- 
rette smoking in every way possible, as a habit objectionable to the 
great body of its patrons. 

Denial was given yesterday to the report that general orders had 
been issued prohibiting cigarette smoking about the stations or in 
smoking cars. It was explained that the company could not legal- 
ly enforce such an order, and that it had no purpose to do any- 
thing restrictive of the rights of passengers or of the public. 



MUST NOT SELL TO MINORS. 

What has been done is to request the Union News Company to 
instruct its agents at all newstands on the Reading and in the 

2 



i8 

trains to observe strictly the law prohibiting the sale of cigarettes 
to minors. 

Conductors and other trainmen of the Philadelphia and Reading 
Railway have been directed to see that school boys and others con- 
duct themselves while on trains so as not to annoy other pas- 
sengers. 

It appears that one Sunday afternoon recently Bishop Mackay- 
vSmith was coming in on a Chestnut Hill train. A party of boys 
were in the car smoking cigarettes, and the Bishop undertook to 
give them some good counsel. They did not take kindly to this, 
and when they got off the train at Spring Garden street a fire of 
disreputable remarks was shot at the Bishop. 



EMPLOYES DARE NOT SMOKE THEM. 

"Among our employes," said an officer of the Reading yester- 
day, "smoking of cigarettes, either off or on duty, is prohibited, 
just as is drinking. We will not knowingly employ or retain in 
the operating service any man who does either. 

"Cigarette smoking is decidedly objectionable to many people. 
While we cannot bar any passenger from smoking cigarettes, not 
even a boy if he has bought them elsewhere, we can and will pre- 
vent sale of cigarettes to minors at our stations or in trains." 



ILLEGAL NOW TO GIVE CIGARETTES TO MINORS. 



WARE BILL, INCREASING SMOKING RESTRICTION IN 
PENNSYLVANIA, BECOMES A LAW. 



Special Dispatch to The North American. 

Harrisburg, Pa., March 17. — Hereafter, it will not only be un- 
lawful to sell cigarettes to minors in Pennsylvania, but even to 
give them cigarettes or cigarette paper. 



19 

The Ware bill providing for this new prohibitive, was signed 
to-day by the Governor, after passing the Legislature. 

The present law prohibits simply the selling of cigarettes, but 
the new act provides that "if any person or persons shall furnish 
cigarettes or cigarette paper, by gift, sale or otherwise, to any 
person or persons under 21 years of age, he or she so offending 
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall be 
sentenced to pay a fine of not more than $300 or not less than 
$100." 



CIGARETTES BARRED FROM WISCONSIN. 

Madison, Wis., March 17. — A drastic Anti-Cigarette bill, pre- 
viously passed by the Assembly, was passed by the Senate to-day. 
The bill makes unlawful the sale, gift or importation into Wiscon- 
sin of cigarettes or cigarette materials. 



CRIME TO CARRY A CIGARETTE IN INDIANA. 



GOVERNOR SIGNS BILL THAT RESULTED IN BRI- 
BERY CHARGES BY LEGISLATORS. 



Indianapolis, Ind., March i. — Cigarettes and cigarette papers 
are barred absolutely from the State of Indiana after June i, 1905. 

They cannot be manufactured or sold — but, what is more to the 
point, it will be an infraction of law "to keep or own or be in any 
way concerned, engaged or employed in owning or keeping any 
such cigarettes, cigarette paper or wrappers." 

In other words, they can't be smoked. 

The prohibitory measure, the passage of which in the State 
Legislature resulted in sensational bribery charges, was signed by 
Governor Hanly to-day. 



For the first violation of its provisions a fine not exceeding $50 
may be imposed, and for a second offense a fine not exceeding 
$500, or a jail sentence of six months, may be imposed. 



REMARKS TO THE YOUNG MAN WHO MAY READ 
THE CLIPPINGS OF A DAILY PAPER ON THE RE- 
CENT LAW PASSED PROHIBITING THE SALE 
AND USE OF CIGARRETTES. 

In order to secure proper conception as to why the Legisla- 
ture passed such a law, will say that all laws are made in the in- 
terest of the Commonwealth. Our government was founded on 
this principle. Laws are more or less like a school master. 

When you know of the existence of a law, you refrain from do- 
iny anything to violate it because of the penalty imposed. It also 
protects you from some one else doing you an injury; therefore, 
by not breaking the law yourself, you are benefitted physically, 
mentally and morally. Any one who breaks a law not only brings 
upon himself reproach and ostracism by his friends, but it has a 
moral effect on his conscience in not having done a just act. All 
laws are intended for your own good, and you get the benefit of 
the law, by not breaking it, as the Scripture says : "The way of 
the transgressor is hard." This does not apply simply because you 
have broken some law which would be evident to the entire public, 
but you enforced it to its fullest meaning upon yourself by the vio- 
lation of any moral law. You will have to pay the penalty in 
some way, as the moral law is the same as the foot rule. If you 
take anything from it, you rob yourself, as that is the one 
with which you are measured. If you give yourself short meas- 
ures by inconsistent acts, you are the one who is being cheated, as 
every wrong act tends to lower you in the estimation of your fel- 
lowmen, and you deprive yourself of considerable pleasure by 
your own as well as the incontistent acts of others, because he that 
steals my good name, makes me poor and miserable. The law of 
cause and effect, by its action and reaction, seeks its proper place, 
just the same as water seeks its level ; therefore, no man or boy can 
afford to do an immoral act, secretly or openly, which would not 



21 

have its evil effects on himself as well as others. If this were not 
so, it would be passing an insult if it did not have its influence 
upon some one. 

Man possesses certain attributes, and in whatever form a temp- 
tation comes, you allow it to master you. One of the most promi- 
nent attributes of human nature is a disposition to gamble, taking 
a chance, whether it is in the form of a get-rich-quick scheme or 
a forgery, or something similar that you would not like the public 
to know. You gamble on your character and when you believe 
the public has any confidence in you it often acts as temptation, as 
in nearly all cases, those people who have been guilty of great 
crimes in the financial world, are those who once had a great repu- 
tation for honesty, and only required a continual practising of the 
same to retain a position, as a vessel is no stronger than the weak- 
est link in its cable. 

The whole human race is governed on this principle, as all na- 
tions are governed by the moral principle involved in the law 
which is made in the formation of the constitution of the United 
States ; therefore, every imprudent act helps to destroy the govern- 
ment, as no government can exist unless it is conducted on this 
principle, and if you are not the one to help, you are depending on 
your neighbor for help in sustaining the government, and thereby 
letting some one else fight the battle for good government. By 
supporting the right kind of party by your vote there will be a 
living for everybody by acting and living honestly. Do not those 
who practice honesty in all their dealings prosper and get along 
more happily than others who do not? And it is evident there 
would be much more happiness in the world and all would en- 
deavor to do the right thing if it was not for the wrongdoings of 
those who by their disreputable ways and persuasion to in- 
duce one to endorse or loan money or invest in some get-rich 
scheme when they know, at the same time, the purpose is to swin- 
dle you by getting your money. 

The loss of the money does not make all the unhappiness wdien 
you find you have been swindled. The worriment over it causes 
much concern and vexation. Many times you resort to law to 
recover the same, causing additional trouble. This condition can 
be verified by millions. 

But if these shady transactions and swindling schemes afforded 



those who practice it some pleasure, it would not be so bad. If 
they were made happier by doing so, even if they had practically 
stolen it, directly or indirectly. 

There are three causes to prevent them from realizing much 
enjoyment out of ill-gotten gains, and it is next to an impossi- 
bility to procure anything in this world in a dishonest way unless 
you have to pay for the same by loss of reputation or worriment 
to himself, as the one who deceives and endeavors to cheat or 
swindle another feels that he would not like to be served in that 
way, and would rather have procured the money in a straight- 
forward, legitimate way. And by not doing so, there is more or 
less pricking of conscience because of their past doings. Second, 
they are thinking quite often of the legal and criminal side and 
that would disgrace their family. Third. There are a very few 
who do not believe in a future existence, and because of their 
wrongdoings it is often continually marring their happiness be- 
cause of the manner in which they acquire the money. They be- 
come extravagant and the money soon drifts away. Like the 
story of an Irishman that went into the milk business and made 
quite a small fortune, but he was dishonest and used plenty of 
water in his milk, thinking he would return to his old country 
with some of his wealth, and while on board of the ship he was 
looking over his bags of gold. They had a monkey on board that 
was full of pranks, who, grabbing one of the bags of gold, 
running up to the mast-head, he began throwing a piece of gold 
on the deck of the vessel and one overboard, and continued keep- 
ing this up until all the gold coin was removed from the bag. 
When this was done, the milkman said, "Don't that beat the 
Devil? What comes by the water, goes by the water." 

This will also apply to the seller or to the purchaser of tobacco. 
The seller knows that he does not give value received to his pur- 
chasers ; the purchaser knows that he is not a law-abiding citizen, 
and both have acted together in violating the law. The purchaser 
knows that the law was made for his good, for he has been in- 
jured by an abnormal appetite created by using tobacco, which is 
injurious to his body, and the law makers act as a guardian to 
prevent him, as he has no more right to injure himself than any- 
one else, because by so doing he will become a burden on his rela- 
tions, or a pauper to the county alsmhouse. The intention of the 



23 

cigarette law is to prevent one from doing- himself an injury, 
whether it be in the form of using a pipe, cigar or quid of tobacco. 
The purchaser is being swindled ; he involuntarily buys because of 
a forced appetite. The seller cannot consistently or legally take 
the man's money and console himself into believing that he is not 
responsible for the creation of such an appetite, because if it were 
not for him and others there would have been no opportunity for 
the young man to acquire the habit. 

The excuses of the seller and user are numerous, and they are 
in evidence of their own disapproval, both having a feeling un- 
like those in legitimate businesses. Its consumption or the sell- 
ing cannot be done with impunity. The best class of citizens do 
not wish to enter such business. I do not wish to infer that a 
person who uses or sells tobacco is not a good citizen ; but there 
is such a thing as ''good, better and best." He who has a filthy 
habit, and continues to gratify that habit, lacks that much of being 
the best citizen, and can only be classed where he belongs. The 
same applies to the seller, as long as he continues in the business. 
Perhaps you cannot see this distinction. Let me illustrate : If 
a man manufactures an article which is essential to the comfort 
and happiness of the human race, he should be classed as a bene- 
factor. But the man who cultivates, raises, manufactures and 
sells tobacco in any form, cannot be a benefactor, because it is not 
a necessity. If he is not a benefactor, he is a hindrance to those 
who have a part in aiding to help their fellows. The whole hu- 
man race is likened to an endless chain, one depending on the 
other, whether he be the common laborer or the millionaire, there 
should be no weak link to break the chain by having any business 
the product of which produces a deteriorating effect on the human 
race. 

This is proven by the law above referred to. It was passed by 
the legislature, notwithstanding its evil effects. This alone should 
be sufficient to arouse public sentiment against allowing such 
privileges as the keeping of tobacco stores open on Sunday, as it 
only makes one more day in the week for them to cultivate the 
habit, and our boys will in due time become permanent smokers. 
If our mayors would see that the Sunday law was enforced, they 
would do a commendable act, just as the legislature who had 
passed laws prohibiting the sale of cigarettes. They have the 



24 

spirit of the benefactor expressed by a statesman, who, when 
dying, was asked what had afforded him the greatest pleasure in 
Hfe. His reply was, "In doing good to others." Therefore the 
spirit of the legislature is like the honorable statesman, in trying 
to do good to others. Knowing by experience that they had be- 
come addicted to the use of tobacco, and they may have sons who 
have also become victims, and they know that "habit" and "hell" 
are next-door neighbors. The sight of a number of men smoking 
produces upon the onlooker the following three impressions : first, 
wonder ; second, amusement, and third, pity. He wonders that 
an intelligent being would allow himself to be trapped into the 
delusion that he receives comfort and pleasure by the use of to- 
bacco, and to be a possessor of the pleasure he must, of necessity, 
contract a desire, and the uncouth saying that it is only fit for 
kings to have, because it is such a luxury to scratch and to subdue 
this scra'-.hing, he must scratch a match to start a fire, that he 
may allay the internal itching of the nerves of the stomach before 
he can get his physical condition in proper shape. He must con- 
sume some combustible substance, likened to building a fire to a 
boiler to get up steam before he can read a newspaper properly 
or add up a column of figures. But, knowing all this, we still 
continued to wonder, until we have consulted the encyclopediae 
and ascertained the origin of the use of tobacco, as heretofore 
mentioned. 

It was through the instrumentality of one person who discov- 
ered the injurious effects that the lawmakers of that country put 
a prohibitory law into operation preventing its use, but they, not 
understanding the psycological action it would have, enacted a 
prohibitory law, and that was the first great mistake made. If 
they had made the use of tobacco a punishment for crimes, in- 
stead of it being a supposed luxury, its use to-day would not have 
been so universal, because the sickening effect would act as a 
punishment, thereby making it disgusting. 

Because of the great mistake in the use of the poison, those who 
have become victims to the narcotic habit are to be pitied, as all 
such dissipations are the stepping stones to greater evils ; and in- 
stead of making the world a paradise, many millions have made 
their own hell by beginning the use of an article that was never 
intended to be used for that purpose. 



25 

Knowing that there is scarcely a mother or father in existence 
who does not have a greater or less desire for their children to 
grow up and be free from the vices, and without contracting the 
habit of the use of tobacco and alcohol ; but how to prevent them 
is what puzzles them. The reason for this is largely due to the 
fact that they have not had that experience which forms a practi- 
cal knowledge of how to succeed, which cannot be obtained, ex- 
cept from those who have had success through experience. 

The writer is himself the father of two sons, who have always 
been total abstainers from tobacco and alcohol, this being due to 
the influence and teachings of their father — the methods employed 
by him in discouraging the use of these narcotics. He can recall 
many instances where, by his influence, he discouraged the use of 
the same, and they are now total abstainers from the use of to- 
bacco and alcohol, because of his practical knowledge, and know- 
ing that experience brings knowledge, and that we obtain the 
products of arts and science, and we ask you to listen to those 
who have had knowledge, and seek information from those who 
have made that particular line of effort a special study. 

While you may think that your son ought to have enough re- 
spect for you to follow your advice, knowing that it is for his 
future welfare, you forget that he has not arrived at that age 
when he reasons from cause to effect, hence, of necessity, he only 
looks at the subject on its surface, without realizing that your 
only motive is for his good. He lets his selfish nature predomi- 
nate, and he may not do that because he has a strong desire for 
tobacco, but because he wants to keep up with his social acquaint- 
ances ; hence,' he forms a controlling habit that commands him. 
If he did not smoke, it might appear to his associates that he was 
forbidden, or held under some one's restraint, and thus feel that 
he belittles himself in the estimation of his companions, and he 
will therefore smoke in their company even if he had no desire for 
tobacco, and for this reason the young man makes his own trap, 
when he contracts the tobacco habit. The man who sells you 
cigarrettes or tobacco secures your money and deludes you by 
making believe that it is a luxury; therefore, the fathers and 
mothers who are opposed to their sons using tobacco fail to ac- 
complish their desire, because, apparently, their boy has more re- 
spect and cares more for his companions than he does for his 



26 

father and mother. If you have not succeeded in your desire to 
make him a total abstainer after reading this book, by writing to 
the Monitor PubHshing Company we will forward you informa- 
tion as to how you may accomplish this. 

Their failure to obtain the proper knowledge is based on the 
following couplet: 

How few rightly think, among the thinkers few. 
How many never think, but only think they do. 
And for this reason, the cause that needs assistance, 
Against the wrongs that need resistance, and for the future in the 

distance, 
And the good that I can do. 



w 

I Physical Effect of Tobacco on the System^ 



The constituents of tobacco smoke are numerous, but the promi- 
nent ones are carbonic acid, carbondioxide, ammonia gases ; car- 
bon or soot, and nicotine. Tlie proportion of these substances 
varies with the different kinds of tobacco, the pipe and the rapidity 
of the combustion. Carbonioxide causes a tremulous movement 
of the muscles of the heart. Ammonia bites the tongue of the 
smoker, excites the salivery glands and causes dryness of the 
mouth and throat. Nicotine is a powerful poison. The amount 
contained in one or two strong cigars, if thrown directly into the 
blood, would cause death. Nicotine itself is complex, yielding a 
volatile substance that gives the peculiar odor to the breath and 
clothing and also a bitter extract which produces the sickening 
taste of an old pipe. In smoking, some of the nicotine is decom- 
posed, forming pyridine, picoline and other poisonous alkaloids. 



PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. 

The poison of tobacco, set free by the process of either chewing 
or smoking, when for the first time is swept through the system 
by the blood, powerfully affects the body. Nausea is felt, and the 
stomach seeks to throw off the offending substance. The brain is 
inflamed, and headache follows, the motor-nerves becoming irri- 
tated, giddiness ensues, thus, nature earnestly protests against the 
formation of this habit. 

But, after repeated trials, the system accustoms itself to the new 
conditions. A "tolerance" of the poison is finally established, and 
smoking produces none of the former symptoms. Such powerful 
substance cannot, however, be constantly inhaled without produc- 

27 



28 

ing marked changes. The three great ehminating organs, the 
lungs, the skin and the kidneys, throw off a large part of the pro- 
ducts, but much remains in the system. When the presence of 
poison is constant, and especially when the smoking or chewing 
is excessive, the disturbance that at first is merely functionary must 
necessarily, in many cases at least, lead to a chronic derangement. 
Probably in this, as in the case of other deleterious articles of 
diet, the strong and healthy will seem to escape entirely, while the 
weak and those predisposed to disease will be injured in direct pro- 
portion to the extent of the indulgence. Those whose employment 
consists of active, outdoor work, will show no sign of nicotine 
poisoning while the men of sedentary habits will sooner or later 
be the victim of dyspepsia, sleeplessness, nervousness, paralysis 
or other organic difficulties. Even where the user of tobacco him- 
self escapes harm, the law of heridity asserts itself, and the inno- 
cent offspring, only too often inherits an impaired constitution, 
and a tendency to nervous complaints. 



IS TOBACCO A FOOD? 

Here, as in the case of alcohol, the reply is a negative one. To- 
bacco manifests no characteristics of a food. It cannot impart to 
the blood an atom of nutritive matter for building up the body. 
It does not add to, but rather subtracts from, the total vital force. 
It confers no potential power upon muscle or brain. It stimulates 
by putting off the nervous supply from the extremities and con- 
centrating it upon the centers. But, stimulation is not nourish- 
ment. It is only a rapid spending of the capital stock. There is 
no greater error than to mistake the exciting of an organ for its 
strengthening influence upon youth. Here, too, science utters no 
doubtful voice. Experience asserts only one conviction. Tobacco 
retards the development of mind and body. The law of nature is 
that of steady growth. It cannot admit of a daily, even though it 
be merely a functional disturbance that weakens the digestion, 
which causes the heart to labor excessively, that prevents the per- 
fect oxidation of the blood, and be an effort to do the routine 
duties of life. The "whole" tobacco user is often cross, irritable. 



29 

and liable to outbursts of passion. The memory is also often im- 
paired, for the same reason. The narcotic principle, the deadly 
nicotine, has become soaked into the delicate nerve-pulp, retard- 
ing its nutrition. The nerve-centers are no longer able to hoard 
lip their usual amount of vital energy. Hence, arise the many and 
various nervous symptoms due to the poisonous effect of tobacco. 
The external application of tobacco to chafed surfaces, and even 
to the healthy skin, will occasionally cause severe and sometimes 
fatal results. A tea made of tobacco, and applied to the skin, has 
caused death in three hours. A tobacco enema has resulted fatally 
within a few minutes. Smoking a large quantity of tobacco at one 
time, has been known to produce violent and even fatal effects. It 
rivals prussic acid in this respect. It takes about one minute for 
a single drop of nicotine to kill a full-grown cat. A single drop 
has killed a rabbit in three minutes. 



EFFECTS OF TOBACCO ON YOUNG PEOPLE. 

Tobacco in any form, has a peculiar injurious effect upon young 
and grown persons. It not only stunts their growth, but produces 
a weakened state of the system, which tends greatly to impair mus- 
cular and mental activity. The profound effect that tobacco has 
upon the nervous system, after the first trial of smoking or chew- 
ing, is a matter of familiar experience. Even after the system gets 
used to the narcotic, young people continue to suffer sometimes 
from nausea, dizziness, headache, muscular trembling, loss of 
appetite and general weakness. 

The use of cigarettes by young people, cannot be too severely 
condemned. They are made of the meanest materials and often 
"doctored" with refuse substances, and even forms of opium, in 
order to give some bulk and "tone" to the originally cheap and 
filthy material. Cigarettes are so common and cheap, that their 
use by thousands of young persons has become a serious matter. 

Here is one bit of advice to you to remember all the days of your 
Hfe: Do not smoke or chew tobacco, if you wish to keep strong 
and well and succeed in life. 



30 
USE OF TOBACCO FROM A MORAL POINT OF VIEW. 

The effect of tobacco on the moral nature often shows itself 
in a selfish disregard for the rights of others. The smoker has no 
right to make the air about him unfit for others to breathe. He 
has no right to puff his smoke into the faces of people on the 
streets, or to pollute the air of public places which others are 
obliged to share with him. 

The fact that he does this knowing that to many people the 
fumes of tobacco are offensive, and that some are made ill by it, 
shows his lack of refinement as well as moral sense. Other evi- 
dences of the same character are the filthy habits of expectorating 
on sidewalks, floors, stoves and other objects, which habit char- 
acterizes both smokers and chewers of tobacco, and disgusts all 
cleanly people. 

It is no mark of friendship or courtesy to offer a person a cigar 
or cigarette, for it is virtually asking him to take what will be to 
him more or less of an injury instead of a benefit. 



TESTIMONY. 



''On entering college, Yale, the class of '91 had a list of thirty- 
eight tobacco users, or about eighteen per cent, of the two hundred 
and five men. At the beginning of the junior year, this per cent- 
age had been slightly increased, although eighteen of the men who 
had been recorded as tobacco-users, had left college for one reason 
or another. At the end of the senior year, the record stand as 
follows : 

''There are twenty-seven men who have never used tobacco. 

"There are twenty-two men who have slightly used it at rare 
intervals, of whom six have begun the practice in the last term 
of the senior year. 

"There are eighteen men who have been hard smokers at dif- 
ferent periods of the course. 

"There are seventy men who have used it regularly. 

"In weight the non-users increased 10.4 per cent, more than the 
regular users, and 6.6 per cent, more than the occasional users. In 



31 



the growth, the non-users increased twenty-four per cent, more 
than the occasional users. Prof. J. W. Seaver, M. D., of Yale^ 
in the University Magazine, June, 1891. 



ACTION OF TOBACCO, 

When tobacco is indulged in to any great extent, it produces 
confusion of sounds in the head, with ringing in the ears, and im- 
perfect vision, sometimes amounting to total blindness. If it does 
not have such a powerful effect, it leaves the person nervous and 
irritable, and unfit for manly work, mental labor or any usefulness, 
whatever. Tobacco is such a deadly poison that physicians scarce- 
ly ever prescribe it as a medicine. 

Cigarettes should not be smoked by young persons, as they are 
nothing but tobacco in small packages, and are often mixed with 
other articles, as opium or refuse matters, which are very injurious 
to the health. 



ACTION OF TOBACCO ON THE CIRCULATION. 

Tobacco makes the blood too fluid and causes palpitation of the 
heart. Its continued use injures the red corpuscles of the bloody 
and greatly disturbs the action of the heart and blood vessels. It 
has been shown recently, that while the pulse is 72.9 among non- 
smokers, the average pulse of those addicted to the use of tobacco 
is 89.9, an increase of about seventeen pulsations every minute. 
That is to say, that to every thousand pulsation, in one who does 
not smoke, there would be one thousand two hundred and thirty- 
three pulsations in him who does smoke. The effect of such in- 
creased action of the heart must be very injurious, giving it in- 
creased labor, and increasing the number of beats of the hearfc 
about twenty-four thousand every day. 



32 

THE EFFECT OF NARCOTICS. 

Opium, Indian hemp, chloral and other narcotics that are re- 
sorted to so blindly by many persons under the mistaken idea that 
they derive pleasure from their use, will affect the heart or the cir- 
culation through their influence on the nervous system. They 
would be avoided as poisons, which should not be used evcep*: 
under the advice of a physician, who will be studied more fi'i.y 
when we come to consider the Physiology of the nervous system. 

When the Europeans first visited New Zealand, they found the 
natives the most finely developed and powerful men among the 
islands of the Pacific. Since the introduction of tobacco, for 
which these men decimated in numbers, and so reduced in stature 
and physical well-being as to be an altogether inferior type of 
men." — Nezv York Medical Journal. 

Tobacco reduces the intellectual power of a body. It does 
this by opposing mental application and effort, or else by produc- 
ing deterioration of the intellect, probably both to a greater or less 
degree. Dr. Edward O. Otis in the Boston Medical and Surgical 
Journal. 



RELATION OF ALCOHOL TO THE DIGESTIVE OR- 
GANS. 

Is alcohol a food ? To answer this question let us make a com- 
parison. If you receive into your stomach a piece of bread or 
beef, nature welcomes its presence. The juices of the system at 
once take hold of it, dissolve it, and transform it for the uses of 
the body. A million tiny fingers (lacteals and veins) reach out 
to grasp it, work it over, and carry it into the circulation. The 
blood bears it onward wherever it is needed to mend or to build 
''The house you live in." Soon it is no longer bread or beef. It 
is flesh on your arm. Its chemical energy is imparted to you, 
and it becomes your strength. 

If, on the other hand, you take into your stomach a little alcohol, 
it receives no welcome. Nature treats it as a poison, and seeks to 



33 

rid herself of the intruder as soon as possible. The juices of the 
system will flow from every pore to dilute and weaken it, and to 
prevent its shriveling up the delicate membranes with which it 
comes in co^itact. The veins will take it up and bear it rapidly 
throughout the system. Every organ of elimination, all the scav- 
engers of the body — the lungs, the kidneys, the perspiration 
glands, at once set to work to throw off the enemy. So surely is 
this the case, that the breath of a person who has drunk only a 
glass of the lightest beer will betray the fact. 

The alcohol thus eliminated is entirely unchanged. Nature ap- 
parently makes no effort to appropriate it. It courses everywhere 
throughout the circulation, and into the great organs, with all its 
properties unmodified. 

Alcohol, then, is not like bread or beef, which, when taken hold 
of, broken up by the mysterious processes of digestion and used 
by the blood. It cannot, therefore, be regarded as an element or 
food. ''Beer, wine and spirits," says Leibig, ''contains no element 
capable of entering into the composition of the blood or muscular 
fibre." ''That alcohol is incapable of forming any part of the 
body/' remarks Cameron, "is admitted by all physiologists. It 
cannot be converted into brain, nerve, muscle or blood." 



EFFECT UPON DIGESTION. 

Experiments tend to prove that alcohol coagulates and precipi- 
tates the pepsin from the gastric juice, and so puts a stop to its 
great work of digestion. 

The greed of alcohol for water causes it to imbibe moisture 
from the tissues and juices, and to inflame the delicate mucus 
membrane. It shows the power of nature to adapt herself to cir- 
cumstances, that the soft, velvety lining of the throat and stomach 
should come at length to endure the presence of a fiery liquid 
which, undiluted, would soon shrivel and destroy it. In self- 
defence, the juices pour in to weaken the alcohol, and it is soon 
hurried into the circulation. Before this can be done "it must 
absorb about three times its bulk in water ;'' hence, very strong 
liquor may be retained in the stomach long enough to interfere 
seriously with the digestion and to injure the lining coat. Hab- 
3 



34 

itual use of alcohol permanently dilates the blood-vessels, thickens 
and hardens the membranes ; in some cases ulcerates the surface, 
and, finally, "so weakens the assimilation that the proper supply 
of food cannot be appropriated." — (Flint.) ^ 

This is one, of the ways in which alcohol injures the brain. 
Such injuries of the brain cause injurious changes in the char- 
acter and ability of the drinker. The brain of the habitual user 
of alcohol is often found after death to be unnaturally firm and 
hard, as if it had lain for some time in alcohol. Alcohol has been 
found in such quantities in the brain of a drinker, after death, that 
it might be detected by its odor or by other tests. 

When alcohol is taken, though only in small quantities, the brain 
of the drinker is gorged with blood. The mind may then appear 
unusually active, but it cannot do as good thinking as it could 
without alcohol. The old notion that a little wine, brandy, or 
any alcoholic liquor will help a person to better brain work is a 
great mistake. Alcohol is an enemy to the brain and to good 
brain work. 

Alcohol paralyzes the cerebrum much more quickly than the 
cerebellum. In consequence its efifect is to dethrone for a time 
both the intelligence and the moral nature, while the appetites and 
passions have sway in proportion to the amount of alcohol taken. 
The drinker loses his reason and judgment, and is left to do and 
say many things that he would not if his mind were clear. Kind- 
ness is thus turned to cruelty, honesty to dishonesty, and truth to 
falsehood. The natural affections of the drunkard seem blunted. 
He does not hesitate to cause the keenest pain to father or mother. 
He often deserts his wife and children, leaving them to starve 
or freeze while he spends his last cent for drink. In this way a 
man is often converted into a brute, dangerous to his family, to 
his neighbors, and to himself. Continued drunkenness often ends 
in delirium and death. 



EFFECT UPON THE LIVER. 

Alcohol is carried by the portal vein directly to the liver. This 
organ, after the brain, holds the largest share. The influence of 
the poison is easily traced. The color of the bile is soon changed 



35 

from yellow to green, and even black ; the connective tissues be- 
tween the lobules become inflamed, and in the case of a confirmed 
drunkard, hardened and shrunk, the surface often assuming a 
modulated appearance, known as the "hob-nailed liver." Morbid 
matter is sometimes deposited, causing what is called "fatty de- 
generation," so that the liver is increased to twice and thrice its. 
natural size. 



EFFECT UPON THE KIDNEYS. 

The kidneys, like the liver, are liable in time to undergo through 
the influence of alcohol a "fatty degeneration," in which the cells, 
become filled with particles of fat. The vessels- lose their con- 
tractibility ; and, worst of all, the membranes may be so modified' 
as to allow the albuminous part of the blood to filter them, and so. 
rob the body of one of its most valuable constituents. 



HOW ALCOHOL AFFECTS THE NERVES. 

Alcohol and other narcotics deaden the nerves, and so diminish 
their action. This effect first shows itself in the nerves which 
control the passage of the blood through the small arteries. The 
half-torpid nerves cannot keep the muscular walls of the blood 
vessels from expanding too much, and the minute vessels are 
gorged with the unusual redness which quickly shows itself in 
the delicate skin of the face. 

If the alcohol is continued until the habit of drinking is formed, 
the derangement of the nerves becomes more marked. The heart 
is weakened and grows feeble in its action ; the nerves loose con- 
trol of the muscles and the limbs stagger; and all the organs are 
more or less out of order, because the nerves which ought to pro- 
duce harmony of action are paralyzed. 



36 
EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON THE MIND. 

You have learned that water is an important part of the human 
body. A healthy brain is more largely composed of water than is 
any of the other organs. Anything that will deprive the brain of 
this water that should at all times saturate its tissues will injure 
it and make it unable to do good work, although alcohol has a 
strong affinity, or liking, for water. As it is carried by the blood 
to all parts of the body, it will not only unite itself to the water 
it finds, but will subtract water from the tissues, leaving them 
shrunken and unfit to do their proper work. 

*Tt (alcohol) greatly lessens muscular tone and power. There 
is no evidence that it increases nervous influence, while there is 
much evidence that it lessens nervous power." — Dr. E. Smith in 
Philosophical Transactions for 1859. 

''Alcohol is universally ranked among poisons by physiologists, 
chemists, physicians, toxicologists, and all who have experimented, 
studied and written upon the subject, and who, therefore, best 
understand it. It is not necessary to the action of poisons that 
it be always swallowed in fatal doses." — Professor W. J. You- 
mans, in his work on Alcohol. 

■ No. 5. 

''The diseases of beer-drinkers are always of a dangerous char- 
acter, and in the case of an accident, they can never undergo the 
most trifling operation with the security of the temperate." — Dr. 
Edwards. 

:' ' No. 6. 

Alcohol inflames the stomach, weakens the power of digestion 
and assimilation, and cannot be long continued without disastrous 
results. It takes but a small quantity of alcohol to inflame the 
stomach and brain of persons who have not been accustomed to 
its use." 

No. 7. 

"I support the statement of the late Dr. Cheyene, that nothing 
more effectually hinders indigestion than alcohol. I hold that 



37 

those who abstain from alcohol have the best digestion; and that 
more instances of indigestion, flatulency, of acidity, and of de- 
pression of mind and body are produced by alcohol. than by any 
single cause." — Dr. B. W. Richardson. 



TOBACCO. 



Dr. Kirkbride, in his report of the Pennsylvania Hospital for 
the Insane for 1849, states that "two cases in men and five in 
women were caused by the use of opium, and four in men by the 
use of tobacco." "The use of tobacco," continues he, "has, in 
many individuals, a most striking effect on the nervous system; 
and its general use in the community is productive of more serious 
effects than is commonly supposed." 

"Old men and young, beware ! beware ! 
A pipe of tobacco is Satan's snare ; 
Not surer the net for birds is spread, 
By the pipe's sweet note to capture led, 
When the whiffs which the lovers of smoking take, 
Are sure to lead to the Stygian lake." 

"What a blessing it would have been to mankind if all men had 
shrunk from this plague of the brain, as did the first Napoleon. 
One inhalation was enough. In disgust he exclaimed, "Oh, the 
swine ! My stomach turns. It is a habit only fit to amuse slug- 
gards." 

"Alcohol is classed among the poisons by medical writers on 
poisons. I do not know of an exception among physicians. It is 
ranked among poisons from its effects upon the body analogous 
to those of the other poisons. What is said of the effect of alcohol 
must be true of all other doses, large or small, although the effect 
of very minute doses may be very imperceptible. Arsenic may 
be administered in doses so small as to produce no apparent ill 
effects ; yet no one doubts that arsenic is a poison. If a person 
dies of delirium tremens, it is not the last glass that kills him, but 
every dose or glass he has taken in his life has conduced to the 
result" — Dr. Reuben D. Mussey, Professor of Anatomy and Sur- 
gery of Darmouth College. 



38 

Smoking tobacco weakens the nervous powers, favors a dreamy, 
imaginative, and imbecile state of mind, produces indolence and 
incapacity for manly or continuous exertion, and sinks its votary 
into a stage of carelessness or maudlin inactivity and selfish en- 
joyment of his vice. — Dr. J. Copeland, F. R. S. 

It is our deliberate opinion that the unsatisfactory recitations 
and consequent failures at final examinations, so injurious to the 
interests of this establishment, are to be attributed in a great 
measure to nervous derangement caused by the common use of 
tobacco by the students. It becomes our duty to recommend some 
stringent measures to correct this practice. — Medical report of the 
use of tobacco by the Cadets of the U. S. Naval Academy. 



HOW TOBACCO AFFECTS THE NERVES. 

The general use of tobacco diminishes nervous action. It is a 
substance which enters into the system without furnishing any 
needed element. It is in the body, but not of it. In sufficient 
quantities it has a particularly paralyzing effect upon the nerves 
which control the muscles of the heart and is capable of weaken- 
ing the heart's action to such a degree as to cause spasms and 
insensibility. 

Tobacco leads to uncleanly habits and to carelessness of the 
comforts and rights of others. Smokers and chewers befoul with 
their tobacco the air which others must breathe, and eject upon 
steps, floors and sidewalk sits offensive juice. 

ALCOHOL AND ITS INJURIOUS EFFECTS. 

An appetite for alcoholic liquors with a weak will with which 
to control it, insanity, idiocy, and epilepsy, and other diseases of 
the brain and nervous system, are frequent results inherited by 
children from the drinking habits of parents. The late Dr. Wil- 
lard Parker said of such cases : "When alcoholism does not pro- 
duce insanity, idiocy, or epilepsy, it weakens the conscience, im- 
pairs the will and makes the individual the creature of impulse 
and not of reason. 

Children inherit from their parents nerves weakened by the use 
of tobacco as well as of alcohol, and the lives of thousands of 
persons are thus made miserable. Usually the first drink and the 



39 

first smoke are found to be very disagreeable, but sometimes an 
inherited appetite shows itself and the sweet breath of the child 
becomes foul with the whiskey and tobacco which cannot be kept 
out of its way. Beginning with this unnatural appetite, habits are 
speedily formed which make his life a burden to himself and 
others. 

Dr. B. W. Richardson says of the evil effects that result from 
the use of alcoholic liquors: "In whatever way the physician 
turns his attention to determine the persistent effects of alcohol, 
he sees nothing but disease and death, mental disease and mental 
death, physical disease and physical death." But great as these 
evils are, they do not stop with the health and character of the 
life of the drinker. We say a child looks like his father. That 
resemblance may not be confined to the face alone ; the brain, 
nerves, and other organs may be as much like the father's as the 
face. Alcohol will shrivel the nerves and brain of the drinking 
parent, weaken his will, sear and blunt the conscience, and give 
him a craving appetite for more. It will make him course, cruel 
and brutal. As the face of the child may look like the face of the 
parent, so the child may inherit any of these conditions that alco- 
hol has produced in the parent. 



I Liquor Traffic amd Modern Civilization^ |: 

The Liquor Traffic is the greatest of all problems. To know- 
how to regulate the over-indulgence in alcoholic drinks has always 
been a perplexing problem, not only in the United States, but over 
the entire world, because of the physiological and phenomenal 
effects upon the human system. Men of all classes have endeav- 
ored to devise ways and means to obviate its evil effects, and their 
failures have prompted many to manufacture remedies to restore 
the victims, but all of these efforts have proven fruitless, and the 
effects have become so far-reaching that the Church and State 
have become alarmed, and, seeing the conditions as they exist, it 
should arouse every true patriot to give this subject consideration. 

Then, because of the great necessity of preventing people from 
adding to their own misfortunes, states and nations have endeav- 
ored to legislate and make laws preventing its use or abuse, by 
regulating it. All such regulations up to the present time have 
proven failures. The present legislative system for licensing was 
established many years ago, with good intention and good pur- 
poses in view, but has been so abused that there does not remain 
one redeeming feature in it. 

To advocate licensing as a remedy is vicious in principle, un- 
American, and unconstitutional, because it grants a special privi- 
lege to one and refuses it to another. The licensing of the sale of 
liquor becomes the most potent factor in the corruption of politics. 
You can, therefore, see the necessity for a political change, be- 
cause anything that is morally wrong cannot be made politically 
right by a party that favors the license system. 

Because of the conditions in politics I have been inspired to 
write this book, and shall leave it as a legacy to prevent the 
coming generations from following in the footsteps of the past; 
that I may impart such knowledge as will be helpful to every one 
in obtaining greater enjoyment out of life by a change in his en- 

40 



41 

vironments. I will show that the present environments have made 
the condition of man what it is to-day. 

Experience has proven that human nature will not change un- 
less conditions are changed. Then we must change the environ- 
ments and conditions to produce a better class of citizens, because 
of the two dominant desires in man's nature — first, graft and 
greed, and second, the possibility of a man being capable of con- 
tracting a habit which becomes a disease, and past history has 
shown no encouragement in preventing the use of alcoholic beve- 
rages. 

With all the warnings in the Holy Scripture, "Woe be to the 
drunkard," and with all the knowledge of the arts and sciences,, 
we still find the habit increasing, until now the consumption of 
liquor is estimated at eighteen gallon per capita, whereas, forty 
years ago it was only six gallons. 

One would suppose that such an intelligent being as man is, 
he would become cautious and alert to all danger in the protection 
of himself and family, if he would give the question a few min- 
utes' thought, recall the many thousands who have filled drunk- 
ards' graves, and those who are now on the way because of the 
ravages drink is making upon the human race, and the fact that 
many more have been destroyed through its use than by all the 
wars and pestilences combined. 

The Bible says, "Come, let us reason together." Now, as we 
reason on all other matters that concern our best interests, we 
should in this matter, also, follow out the precepts of Christ's 
teachings. 

There are thirty-two passages in the Bible warning people of 
strong drinks ; therefore, unless we accept these teachings, we 
shall be in a far worse condition than the captain at sea without 
his compass, and it appears to me that we have been trying to run 
the ship of State without a compass when we have been ruling 
contrary to the teachings of Christ in regulating the liquor traffic, 
because by licensing the saloons it appears that we are trying to 
improve on the teachings of Christ. 

Now, some one might say that the liquor question is a moral 
one, and does not belong in politics, and should be left to the work 
of the Church and other institutions. While I think that it has a. 
place in politics as a moral issue, yet I am almost compelled to 



42 

think it has no place, because of the attitude which most of our 
^ood citizens take toward this question by their indifference. 

The most needful thing is the power of reasoning — that is, as 
to the cause and effect. It will help you if you ask yourself how 
much you have ever done to prevent the liquor traffic, and how 
much it affects you financially, leaving out the moral side of the 
question, as it has but little influence in politics. 

Now, to assist the merchants and taxpayers and the various 
other business men, I will make a few mathematical calculations. 
Por example, take a city that has a population of 100,000, and 
allowing a saloon to every 500 people, there would be 200 saloons, 
and allowing six drunkards to every saloon, we would have 1200 
drunkards. I will let those who investigate be their own judge 
what condition the person should be in to be classed as such. 

It is my desire to show how the Church is affected by licensing 
the liquor traffic. Human nature is so constituted that whatever 
interest predominates, that interest controls the entire being. 
The origin of the political interest is in the home, and it gradually 
pervades a family and its various members. They talk and vote 
largely by the teachings and actions of their parents, especially 
regarding the political side of matters. 

There would be no need of writing this book if such were not 
the case. But when we consider that the average length of the 
human life is 2y years, and that man is not at his best until he is 
40 — that is, physically or intellectually — it leaves a wide space for 
the many millions to err in judgment, because of ignorance, as 
it is sure to produce prejudice against education on the line of the 
so-called "luxuries," because it interferes with the individuals 
themselves — that is, that part which partakes of the animal in 
the manner in which he subsists. 

There is an old saying that no one is capable of governing 
others unless he can govern himself. The percentage of these 
people is so small, and especially when it comes to a case of gov- 
erning an appetite, which far exceeds our needs in supplying the 
animal mode of sustaining the body. But, in the wisdom of our 
Creator, he gave men reason and expected them to use it. 

But, in this present age, the children of the devil are wiser than 
the children of God in seeking to devise ways and means to entice 
the animal nature, just as one animal is stronger physically than 



43 

another, and devours him for the sustenance of his body. If the 
children of the devil are shrewder in intellect than the children of 
God, and will not reason or consider, it is a case of the stronger 
devouring the weak by a stratagem of making environments to 
entice their prey, that they may live. 



From the Christian Advocate. 

ARE THOSE WHO OPPOSE THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC 
HYPOCRITES ? 

A position almost, if not quite, as startling in its legal aspect is 
taken by Dr. Rainsford's bishop. He brands those who would 
outlaw the liquor traffic and who make laws to prohibit it as hypo- 
critics. Paul says : A bishop must be blameless, of good be- 
havior, not given to wine, patient, not a brawler, not a novice. It 
is really not nice of any eminent man in the pulpit to brand the 
people of a State as Maine or Kansas, or of any community, as 
hypocrites because they differ from him upon methods of reform 
or the enforcement of ethical principles. There are hundreds of 
thousands of Bishop Potter's own church who are Prohibitionists. 
There are hundreds of thousands of other churches — sincere, de- 
vout, spiritual Christians — who are Prohibitionists. The bishop 
cannot afford to make such a remark about his fellow-Christians. 
No one is harmed by that ill-considered and uncharitable remark 
but the bishop himself. By it he forfeited the respect of hundreds 
of thousands of sober, thoughtful, godly people all over this coun- 
try. For it he was applauded by the rumsellers everywhere. He 
is quoted by them approvingly in every saloon and drink brothel in 
the land. When rumsellers praise a minister's teachings, that is 
evidence enough that those teachings are wrong. When the 
Church mourns and the saloon rejoices, it is time for the bishop 
to retreat with repentance and confession. 

The Church must sympathize with that class of laws which seek 
to stay evil and which seek the rescue of the oppressed. If they 
are imperfect, it cannot forsake them, but must enforce them and 
increase their efficiencv. 



44 

The laws that prohibit the saloon are of the same character and 
intent as the commandments against theft, adultery, and murder.. 
They are of the same class as the undisputed human laws against 
other forms of vice. They are one expression of Christianity. 
They oppose Belial. 

But Bishop Potter tells an audience of Harvard students that 
we have no more to do with prohibiting the drink habit than we 
have to make a law against stale bread, and that stale bread kills 
more people than does liquor. He ought to know that we make 
laws against stale bread and impure milk and tainted meats and 
decayed fruit. It is not many months since a whole cargo of 
vegetables was thrown into New York harbor by the health 
officers. We have inspectors who go about the farms guarding^ 
our health against diseased cattle. We have laws locating abat- 
toirs and regulating them. And we fine men heavily, or put them 
in State's prison for violating these laws. If we have as much 
right to suppress the rum traffic as we have to suppress stale 
bread, we have every right. It is our right and our duty to sup- 
press every human custom and practice that destroys men. And 
if it were not so, it is a most puerile reasoning to defend or apolo- 
gize for one evil by comparing it with another. 



HYPOCRITES BECAUSE OF NON-ENFORCEMENT OF 

THE LAWS. 

But we are all called hypocrites because we do not enforce 
better the liquor laws which we make. There are no laws on the 
planet, all things considered, that are enforced so well as the liq- 
uor prohibition laws in the States where they are in the constitu- 
tion or the statutes. 

How successful do you suppose New York State would be in 
enforcing the laws against murder if every surrounding State 
sympathized with murder and harbored murderers, or encouraged 
them and sent over into this State men to help the murderers? 
What w^ould happen to the laws against theft under such circum- 
stances? The Maine law often is charged with inefficiency, with 
an air of relish, by men who oppose it. But every State, until 



45 

you reach Kansas, is a free rum State, practically. The pro- 
vinces on the east of Maine are so. The ships that come into her 
harbors and the railways bring in liquor in disguised parcels. 
Summer tourists by thousands clamor for liquor. Outside of 
Maine every artihce known to wicked ingenuity is used to defeat 
the working of the law. And yet for fifty years Maine people — 
Bishop Potter's hypocrites — have held fast to that law and an- 
swered every demand to modify it by making it stronger. For 
they know how infinitely it has wrought for their prosperity, in 
spite of every effort of the rest of the country to break it down. 
Her young men grow up in every part of the State without ever 
seeing a brewery or distillery, and scarcely one of them sees a 
liquor sign. The so-called saloons of Maine are not like our 
saloons. They are outlawed, and are rat holes into which no 
self-respecting young man would enter. And they are constantly 
raided, A minister is the high sheriff of Cumberland County, 
in which Portland is located. Another minister is the most likely 
candidate for sheriff of one of the other largest counties. Not in 
a generation have the Maine people been so in earnest to uproot 
by law liquor selling. 

In Kansas last December there was over $87,000,000 in the 
banks of the State — five times as much as when prohibition went 
into effect. It amounted to $60 for every man, woman and child 
of the State. And this does not include the money in homes 
loaned out in other ways. 

In 1899 the tax rate in prohibition Kansas was 40 cents on 
$1,000; in license Nebraska, 66 cents. The increase in taxable 
property in Kansas for a period of ten years was $200,250,000; 
in high license Nebraska, $92,000,000 — a difference of $11,000,- 
000 a year in favor of Kansas. From the years 1881 to 1889 the 
prison population of Kansas decreased 5 per cent., while Ne- 
braska increased 167 per cent. In one year of this period Kan- 
sas consumed 6,000 barrels of liquor, and Nebraska drank 165,- 
000 barrels. And all of this time every surrounding State w^as 
seeking to make Kansas drunk ! 

Under the circumstances the prohibition laws in the States 
where they have been made State laws have been better enforced 
than any laws under the sun. But what folly to condemn a law 
because it is violated. The logic would take from the statute 



4^ 



books all laws against crime, for there is not one of them that is 
not violated, and the violation of which do not escape in large 
numbers. But the violation of law calls with an unmistakable 
voice for more law. 



CAN MEN BE LEGISLATED INTO GOOD MORALS? 

Sometimes the method is opposed on the ground that men can- 
not be legislated into good morals. But the apostle teaches us 
that the law is "a school master to bring us to Christ." No one 
expects statutes to regenerate men. But they are safe-guards ; 
they help to answer that prayer, "Lead us not into temptation." 
The two mountains, Sinai and Calvary, are the high peaks of the 
same range extending from the creation to the final judgment. 
The law came down upon the top of the one, the cross was set 
up on the other. The cross was the vindication of the law. 

It is high noon when every man upon principles of good citi- 
zenship, to say nothing of high Christian ethics, should anxiously 
inquire as to how the uncompromising Gospel may be applied to 
every form of our natural and national life. There is peril in 
temporizing. The reasons why we cannot compromise truth are 
apparent. 

We are a great people. We have inherited most terrific forces. 
We have become heirs of everything that has been thought and 
done before us. With these we are to do greater things than 
have been done. All of this calls for the soundest, strongest, 
wisest, and noblest type of manhood. It calls upon all to be men, 
to place every faculty and gift and power upon the altars of this 
age and of our land. We must clear the deck for the mightiest 
conflict of all ages, a conflict which shall be the sum of all con- 
flicts. The Almighty has brought us to a summit from which we 
may see His plans and get some little measure of our responsi- 
bilities and possibilities. It is morning. It is time to sober off 
and come forth with every power at the fullest capacity. 

It is an enormous crime to waste ourselves and our substance 
with befuddling intoxicating drinks in such a morning. There 
is no measure to the infamy of that man who brings a clouded 
brain by his own act to the magnificent problems of the hour. 



47 

What shall be said of a nation that encourages institutions that 
clog and befog the brains of its citizens? Do not talk of rev- 
enue. Sober men are the surest sources of revenue. Where now 
a dollar comes to the treasury from the rum traffic, a hundred 
would come from sober, saving industry, and thousands would 
be released from reformatories and prisons. But what are dol- 
lars? There is that which is of infinitely greater value. 

We are a self-governing people. That means that what ap- 
peals to a national ruler appeals to all of our people — virtue, in- 
telligence, sobriety, clear thinking. Any drunken man in this 
country is a drunken ruler. Every drunkard maker is an anarch- 
ist assassinating our rulers. Where shall the balance of power 
be? There must be no balance of power. All power must be of 
God and truth. All power must be sober. It is the morning. 
It is no time for drunkenness. The saloon becomes more mon- 
strous, more hideous as the sun arises, as light streams abroad,, 
as men are called to mightier responsibilities. 



NO TIME FOR COMPROMISE. 

The argument of temperance is in man's opportunity. Its. 
judgment is in his responsibility. It is no time to cavil, to resort: 
to compromising expedients, to incriminate intelligent and earn- 
est men who go before us because they feel, as we do not, the 
force of the great question. Their mistakes are better than our 
sloth and indifference. And when I speak upon this matter, upon 
which we are too often silent because of rash advocates and fa- 
natical methods to which we cannot commit ourselves, I have 
in mind more than a solitary sin, if any sin can be solitary and 
alone ; more than a traffic, more than a mortality. I believe in 
every fiber of my being that this nation, that civilization, that the 
progress of the race, must have their foundations in a just ethical 
sense, and it must be a whole ethical sense. Its light cannot be 
mixed with darkness. Its good must not be tainted with evil. 

The foundations of the republic were laid in faith and prayer 
and reverence. Its stability arose out of those foundations. It 
came near destruction by a great sin against human right and. 



48 

liberty, and escaped only on rivers of blood by the lurid torch of 
war. 

There is no perpetuity of any interest that is worth preserving 
except in righteousness. And that righteousness must mean tem- 
perance and charity, honesty and generosity, purity and helpful- 
ness, the right use of sacred things, and the fear of God. 

The world cannot give free rein to appetite. Its business is 
not sensual gratification and pleasure. These are incidental and 
subordinate means to the great end of earnest, strenuous living. 
Life is a stewardship. It has a tremendous accountability. Men 
have no right to withdraw their powers from the mighty strife, 
to blunt them, to deprave them. They stand for too much. They 
are related to interests the value of which all human wisdom can- 
not compute. 

The whole people have a right to demand that every man stand 
at his post and do his best. When he does not, it imperils your 
interest. It may cost your life. It depreciates and perhaps de- 
stroys your property. All sound and sober-thinking men must 
see that no man liveth to himself and no man dieth to himself. 
^'Ye are members one of another." The hand cannot be indif- 
ferent when there is gangrene in the foot. The eye cannot say, 
■^'We must live and yet live," when there is a cancer in the throat. 



THE UNIVERSAL BLIGHT OF THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC. 

We all suffer when any part of the body politic is diseased. 
The hundred thousand drunkards' graves hold the brothers, sons 
and fathers of the sober men of this country, and have withdrawn 
an army of producers and world-builders before their time. The 
same is true of the letting down of any moral standard, of the 
inculcation of any irreverence, the licensing of any loose tendency 
in ethics. If the narrow, shallow thinking that would secularize 
the Sabbath, that would give commercial respectability to drunk- 
ard-making, would herd by itself and gather its destructive work 
into its own zone, it would soon be exterminated by rapid pro- 
cesses of annihilation. 

But, thank God, so far there have been those who will not admit 
into any fellowship with Christ the Belial of human indulgence 



49 

and irreverence. These save the ship when the insane, the in- 
fatuated, the unthinking, the chattering minds of shoal convic- 
tions and small horizon, on a day of summer calm at sea would 
throw over the compass and ballast and draw the fires from the 
furnaces. 

Ah, how the times that try men's souls always have called for 
moral qualities ! And the men who had them had been bred to 
them. They are not compromising or temporizing characters. 
How the great solitary peaks of unmixed truth stand reverent, 
sober, devout, righteous, like mighty guideposts along the high- 
way of truth ! Below are the malarial quagmires, bogs, and 
morasses of the Gospel of indulgence, fetid and dead to all re- 
ligious sentiment, or bubbling with the effete gases of a frivolous 
sensuality, the home of the tadpoles of a philosophy, which, when 
grown, can only hop in their own muddy puddles. 

The saloon fits the motto, "Eat, drink, and be merry, for to- 
morrow you die." But God expects better things of you. And 
when you come with every power at its best, cool, clear, strong, 
capable, the Son of Man hands you your commission, and, look- 
ing around upon His works and upon you, says, "Greater works 
than these shall ye do." 

Think of the saloon as preparatory to these tremendous times, 
like a college or a Christian school ! What agreement hath light 
with darkness ? It is something we must get rid of at every cost. 
Every discovery, every invention, every new force, every ex- 
tended horizon of thought, every revelation of destiny in every 
form of progress, all condemn us. The superintendent dare not 
put a drunken man on the engine of the Empire State Express. 
How dare we go into the new century with our leading business 
a drunkard-making industry, with millions of capital that intimi- 
date politicians and hush to silence pulpits and subsidize the press 
and defy law? 



A QUESTION OF ALARMING PROPORTIONS. 

My friends, the question is one that is assuming alarming pro- 
portions. It increases in wealth and extends its borders ; it is 
4 



50 

damning society and borrowing the livery of the Church and en- 
listing ministers as its apologists. "It is a volcano quietly active. 
Church bells ring on its peaceful slopes, villages cluster about its 
crater, children pick flowers among its quiet lava beds. A puff 
of smoke, a distant rumble, a flash of sulphurous fire, a thin 
shower of ashes. These alarm some. But they are nervous peo- 
ple. They are fanatics. Yes, but there was a crevasse that 
opened last year and a hundred thousand were swallowed up. 
The church bells tolled, requiems were heard, and things went 
on as before, only there are orphans plenty and multitudes of 
widows and many widow^s' graves, the symbol on the tombstone 
— a broken heart. But then the crevasse was on the other side 
of the mountain. One has opened every year for ten years, for 
twenty years — a million graves, two million — no one man can 
number. But it is an inactive volcano. And the crevasse was 
on the other side. It was not under your home. 

"But it is a volcano. Our Congress is built on it, our Legisla- 
tures are in its valleys, our homes are all up its sides, our 
churches, our schools, our manufactories ; our ships are harbored 
at its base. We laugh, we ridicule the men who see the increas- 
ing activity of this mountain of perdition and warn us. We are 
getting used to it. We are insane. There can be but one end. 
It only defers. It will destroy." It cannot mix into civiliza- 
tion. It cannot thrive with it. It must destroy it or be destroyed 
by it. The source of the volcano's power and the source of the 
meadow's power are at the most opposite extremes. The best of 
the one devastates, blackens, ruins. The best of the other is 
beauty, fragrance, fruits, life. They cannot combine or co-ordi- 
nate. They have no agreement. 



THE SALOON AN AGENCY OF DESTRUCTION. 

As sure as time goes on, the unrestrained activity of the rum 
traflic will destroy the nation that is deceived by it. To-day it 
dictates to Legislatures from the Atlantic to the Pacific on easy 



51 



terms. It answers the men who oppose it, who lift up a warn- 
ing voice, with a cloud of ashes. It abides its time. 

Hundreds of thousands of graves are a mute but terrible warn- 
ing. Hundreds of thousands of widows and more orphans pite- 
ously plead. It is the morning of a new century. We stand 
among the graves — graves as far as we can see. Did the yellow 
fever do it? Did smallpox make these graves — a million 
graves? No; had it been so we would have driven them out by 
processes of sanitation long ago. No; some men whom we call 
citizens did it. They paid us for the privilege with revenue for 
taxes. They voted for our party. They were our neighbors. 
And we let them do it. We said we could not help it, because 
it is not right to make laws against them, and if we did, some- 
times they would break them. They would fill fifty thousand 
graves instead of one hundred thousand. And so they go on. 
And last year they dug in among these graves a hundred thou- 
sand new ones. 

And we have gotten ourselves into such a condition that a 
voice from the pulpit speaks for a part of the business. And a 
bishop slanders the earnest soul that strives to prevent the peo- 
ple from exposing themselves to a calamity that kills like a deadly 
firedamp those whom it touches. 

The misplaced confidence of the people is the opportunity of 
the volcano. He who instils false confidence in a time of peril 
is not a friend to the people. The Church and the saloon are as 
separate as the belching, sulphurous fire of a volcano and the 
gentle, fructifying sunshine of the springtime. One is a mes- 
senger of death, the other of life. One leaves in its track a de- 
nuded, excoriated, and blasted earth, horrible and decaying 
corpses piteously slain. The other wakes the earth to joy and 
beauty and peace and health. The Church and the saloon are 
as widely separated as the shower of ashes from the mountain 
and the shower of rain from the kindly world that waters the 
new-mown grass. 

Christ and Belial never have been within speaking distance of 
each other. They have nothing in common. Light and dark- 
ness never agree ; when one is present, the other is always ab- 
sent. The coming of the one always means the destruction of 
the other. 



NO AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE RUM TRAFFIC AND 
CIVILIZATION. 

There is no agreement between the rum traffic and civihzation. 
There is nothing that it touches that it does not Wight. Its vic- 
tims damn it from every quarter of the globe and out of every 
part of the earth in voices that moan up from shipwrecks of the 
sea, from the crash of railway wrecks, from conflagrations, from 
desolated homes, from murders' cells, from imbecile asylums, 
from destroyed businesses, from delayed and imperiled civiliza- 
tion. 

If the rum traffic would go out of business and set itself to 
work to repair the horrible damage it has done, it could not pay 
the debt it owes in a thousand centuries. It must reckon, also, 
v^^ith immortal issues and eternal cycles. 

I do not speak as a politician. I am not a third party man. 
I plead the cause. I would be untrue to this position of opportu- 
nity if I did not warn you that the teachings of Jesus Christ can 
have no part with anything that harms men, and if I did not 
;summon you to the morning of a new creative epoch which calls 
upon every man to awake and soberly and in his right mind to 
^offer his best powers to God, his Creator to serve his fellow-men. 

Ah, what a sublime figure is that of Paul in an age of dark- 
ness, when men were groping their way. No concord between 
Christ and Belial. One personification of truth. No agreement 
between light and darkness. There is one north star, one mag- 
netic meridian, and that line coincides in the top of the stars and 
on the earth where men sail their ships on varying seas. If men 
had held to that bold, uncompromising attitude until this time! 
If all called of God, opposing those who obtrude without sense 
or authority into the awful responsibility of teaching the people 
in religion and morals, had held firmly to this single standard, 
if all the people had walked by it, can anyone doubt that we long 
since would have passed the millennial stone? 

The time is at hand. The hour has struck. The issue is 
plainly drawn. The blind must not lead those who see. The 
drunken man must not lead the temperate. The apologist must 
not lead the servants of God. Gold must not purchase us the 



53 

commandments. Pleasure must not deceive lives all too short 
for their serious stewardship. There are mighty issues to live 
for. Their hereafter is beyond our present sight. "Therefore 
let us not sleep as do others, but let us watch and be sober." 



I Why Do People Drink Intoxicating Liquors? t 

W^v■•'/v--'A■''A■•'/l,■-'/;^';\^•'/C•'/l-'/C•'/^•-'/\.-'/^-'/^-'/l-'/^.-'/^-'A■•'/^■-^l^■-';^''y^■-^lt-'/^-'/l•-'A■''/v■-'A-'A--'/l■-'/\,^ 



This may appear inconsistent to ask such a question, but there are many- 
people, who have contracted the habit, but do not stop to think why they 
do. It is evident that the habit becomes so permanent that it becomes 
apparently a natural appetite, as in eating or drinking, which is required* 
to sustain life. Why it should be so is a mystery, like thousands of other 
things, and we only have to deal with facts, as one of the inexorable laws 
in nature, and use our best judgment to the extent of our knowledge. 
The civil law does not excuse ignorance, neither does the law of nature, 
as nature does its perfect work, in any violation to natural laws. It is 
not natural for man to drink intoxicating liquors or use narcotics of any 
kind, therefore man's condition in life is solely produced by his environ- 
ments. Man's social and imitative nature are the attributes that belong 
to him as his heritage. His environments are produced because of greed, 
and "I must live," like one animal subsisting upon another, knowing that 
if they can control his appetite they are sure to make a living. This evil 
of greed is ever ready to make opportunities to take the advantage of a 
social nature, by frequenting a by-way resort known as the saloon. These 
place? are so adapted to his social condition, in forms of treating and 
other amusements pertaining to make social life possible, therefore the 
habit of drink does not come to man naturally but is acquired and is not 
according to instinct. If a person becomes habituated to intoxicants or 
narcotics by inheritance, that is unnatural and should be classed as a phe- 
nomenon. Statistics go to prove to what extent the appetite can be cul- 
tivated. It is written in God's word, "Come let us reason together." As 
there has been much accomplished by reasoning, ask yourself what is the 
use of acquiring anything on any line if it is of no use, in the way of 
benefit to assist you in your daily life. If you are a moderate drinker or 
a drunkard, compare yourself with the total abstainer if you suppose your 
life is any happier than his by any indulgence, as we must admit that all 
narcotic appetites are acquired and all the luxury you receive is in the 
gratifying a false appetite. To become a possessor of such appetites you 
must know the want of such narcotics. If the more desires a person has 
adds to his happiness, then the man who drinks, and uses tobacco and 
opium should be the happiest of all men. But the proof is on the con- 
trary, as the fewer wants and needs a person acquires, physically, at least, 
is he the happier. There is much being said by some concerning the medi- 
cinal qualities of intoxicating liquors, and reasoning on the line of what 

54 



55 

they appear to do. To those who retain that belief, we should recom- 
mend that it be prescribed by a physician, as all medicine is prescribed by 
doses, and this should be used as consistently as other medicines. But the 
large majority of people who think liquor is good as a medicine do their 
own prescribing and partake of it when they feel like it. They have been 
educated along this line by their ancestors, and when they have a tired 
feeling they have recourse to this kind of a stimulant. The time has come 
for all such delusions to be banished, as science has given abundant proof 
to the contrary. It has proven that the strengthening qualities as they 
term them, are absent, as all athletes, soldiers, and laborers can endure 
more fatigue and are stronger men, physically and mentally, by the non- 
use of intoxicating liquors. Why is this so? Because intoxicating liquors 
contain alcohol, and they cannot be produced unless by process of fermen- 
tation and decomposition. Separated from grain and fruits as found in 
nature for the sustenance of man, but separated by the device of man for 
greed, which causes more sorrow than any evil known. There cannot be 
any benefit from the use of the so-called stimulants, as solid substances 
or liquids must undergo a process of digestion and be asimilated to give 
strength to the body. Any fluid containing alcohol cannot be digested as 
it is contrary to nature and hinders digestion, as all liquors containing 
alcohol have a preserving nature. Much injury is done to the stomach 
and digestive organs to those persons using these drinks, expecting to de- 
rive strength from them. The alcohol cannot be digested, and therefore 
these liquors have not the merit of temperance drinks, and only act upon 
the nerves, brain and heart, instead of being carried ofif as other fluids. 
The action upon the brain produces intoxication. This being often re- 
peated, the brain becomes weakened thereby, and like any other member 
of the body when in a weakend condition, fails to perform its work prop- 
erly, because of its being overtaxed by the unnatural intruder which is 
forced upon the system, and not because of instinct or the natural desire, 
but as I have repeated before, by the condition of a long-practised custom. 
As a comparison the German says, "Dot me likes me beer," apparently as 
a child calls for a glass of milk. As this is true when we change the 
conditions the result is different, and a change would not be classed as 
sumptuary. A resolution upon the part of a person to change a habit does 
not deprive the person of his interest or innate attributes, but only causes 
people to reason on the cause and effect. The scriptures tell us that "Wine 
is a mocker and strong drink is raging, and whosoever is deceived there- 
by is not wise." The drink curse was discovered centuries ago and writ- 
ten by inspiration to warn the people of the danger of intoxicating liquors, 
as their effects physically werfe the same at that time as now. Long ago 
it was discovered that the action of intoxicants upon the heart was similar 
to the action of spurs upon a horse, driving it at a faster rate of speed, 
and thus wears the heart's action out that much the sooner, as it will beat 
from ten to twenty per minute more than the normal condition. When 
the effects are gone the victim must have recourse to some more of the 
same stimulant that caused the reaction, and this is where the delusion 
comes in. These bad effects very soon form a grizzly nature to the 



56 

brain, as nature tries to shield itself. Alcohol has a great affinity for 
water, and the sharp, stinging and burning qualities destroy much of the 
thin and watery matter of the body, depriving nature's perfect action on 
those who form the drink habit, and do not have the power of resisting 
temptation. Such effects are a great hindrance to a higher development 
of man, and they are the cause of much crime whether under the influ- 
ence of liquor or not. 



MORE INTERESTING STATISTICS. 

New York consumes more beer than any other city in the country. 
During the year 1896, 4,918,808 barrels of beer were sold in the eastern 
metropolis. Chicago comes next, with a record of 3,198,232 barrels sold 
during the year. The amount of beer sold in Chicago that year was 
549,887 barrels more than during the previous year. This is the largest 
increase noted in any city. New York comes next, with 227,344 barrels 
increase over the previous year. New Orleans shows a decrease of 3,362 
barrels as compared with the previous year. The popularity of beer in 
Cincinnati is also apparently waning, as there were 7,029 barrels less sold 
that year than during the year before. This is the largest decrease shown 
in any city. The reason given for this condition are that both are south- 
ern cities, and that the people in that section are gradually showing a 
preference for light American wines, especially California claret. 

The following table shows the amount of malt liquors consumed in the 
leading cities in the country for 1896, and the increase and decrease com- 
pared with 1895 : 

1896 

BARREIvS. 

Albany, N. Y 369,932 

Baltimore, Md 663,090 

Boston 1,224,524 

Brooklyn 1,926,858 

Chicago 3,198,222 

Cincinnati 1,207,343 7^029 

Milwaukee 2,222,818 i85,794 

New Orleans 246,262 3*362 

New York 4,919,808 227,344 

Philadelphia 1,996,743 i77>630 

St. Louis, Mo 2,070,331 157462 

Newark, N. J 1,227,506 101,187 

Nearly a billion glasses of foaming lager beer were consumed by the 
people in the First Internal Revenue District during the fiscal year ended 
June 30. This represents an expenditure of $46,028,825. At the rate of 



INC. BBLS. 


DEC. BBES. 


COMPARED 


COMPARED 


WITH 1895. 


WITH 1895. 


65,116 




127,516 




132,145 




112,305 




549,887 





57 

five cents per glass the total amount drank is equal to 1,841,153 barrels,- 
or about 880 full glasses and a pony for every man, woman and child in 
Philadelphia, or 3.700 glasses to every voter, and this under high license, 
too. 

The report of the office for the fiscal year showed that $1,711,272.10 
worth of beer stamps were sold, which is an increase of $104,514.60 over 
1890, and $321,788.25 over 1889. The receipts from the sale of spirit 
stamps amount to $271,233.90, being $80,058.60 less than reported for 1890. 

The smokers of the district contributed $1,029,794.96 to the funds of 
Uncle Sam, and their cousins, the snuff chewers, gave up $114,309.63 to 
the same good cause. The total collections for the year amounted to 
$35 5I9j822.o8, which total includes $12,085.21 collected on lists; tobacco 
stamps sold, $84,469.62, and sales of special tax stamps amounting to 
$133,076.82 in addition to the $3,552.84 collected for the oleomargarine- 
stamps sold. 

The receipts of the office for that year are far in excess of the amounts 
reported for any preceding year. The collections for the fiscal year ended 
June 30, 1890, amounted to $3,336,039.70, and during the same period of 
1889 the collections aggregated $3,037,942.52. 



1 Is a Respectable Saloon Less Harmful? | 

I t 

WHAT DR. CHAPIN SAID FIFTY YEARS AGO. 

"Probably you would say, break up all these filthy and low 
haunts, all these places where the habitually intemperate, the 
degraded, the wretchedly poor congregate, and let these bever- 
ages be sold only in respectable places and to rspectable 
people ! But is this really the best plan ? On the contrary, it 
seems quite reasonable to maintain that it is better to sell to 
the intemperate than the sober, to the degraded than to the re- 
spectable, for the game reason that it is better to burn up the 
old hulk than to set fire to a new and splendid ship. I think 
it worse to put the first glass to a young man's lips than to 
crown with madness an old drunkard's life-long alienation — 
worse to wake the fierce appetite in the depths of a generous 
and promising nature than to take the carrion of a man, a 
mere shell of imbecility, and soak it in a fresh debauch. 
Therefore, if I were going to say where the license should be 
granted in order to show its efficacy, I would say : Take the 
worst sinks of intemperance in the city, give them the sanc- 
tion of the law, and let them run to overflowing. But shut 
up the gilded apartment where youth takes its first draught, 
and respectability just begins to falter from its level." 

Fifty years ago Rev. E. H. Chapin, the famous divine, uttered the words 
quoted at the head of this article. 

At that time, the high license idea had not been thought of. The Gothen- 
burg system, the dispensary, the "reformed public-house," and Subway 
taverns were unknown. A saloon was merely a saloon, and no systematic 
attempt had been made to civilize it. 

Therefore Dr. Chapin's stirring philippic was then somewhat in the 
nature of a prophecy. He announced a theory. 

Since the civil war these numerous devices have been launched to re- 
'duce the evils of the saloon by making it respectable, by improving its 
surroundings, by selecting better bartenders, by adding attractions in the 
way of choice food and fine furniture. 

With fifty years of such attempts behind us, The New Voice submitted 
Dr. Chapin's utterance to a number of temperance leaders throughout the 
country, asking if, in their opinion, this half century of experience and 
observation confirmed the view of Dr. Chapin. The replies given below 
are in response to this request : 



FROM THE FATHER OF HIGH LICENSE. 

Editor The New Voice: The first objection raised, or criticism, toward 

58 



59 

intoxicating liquor started over seventy years ago. Rum was most com- 
monly drunk. It was distilled and sold as freely as milk and almost as 
generally consumed. It was discovered that drinking too much, causing 
drunkenness, was not best, so they commenced to advocate moderate use 
and it was called temperance. Moderate or temperance societies were 
organized. Church members were seen staggering on their way to church 
and preachers were seen to stagger on their way to the pulpit "We will 
not drink enough to make us drunk," was the first pledge. 

The next move was for a license law to prevent sinful, wicked men from 
selling intoxicating liquor to men who drank too much. Christian men, 
they claimed, would not sell enough to make a man drunk, so none but 
good moral men were granted a license. 

The price was three dollars for a year. 

The next move was to stop drinking, not to stop selling, all distilled 
liquor; beer, wine, and cider could be sold freely and drunk by everybody. 

The next move was the adoption and signing of the total abstinence 
pledge. They discovered that a little drink strengthened the appetite and 
it became uncontrollable. A still stronger pledge was soon circulated : 
"I will not touch, taste, or handle any intoxicating liquor." It was nu- 
merously signed. 

Up to 1850 they had no saloons ; bar-rooms in taverns were the tempt- 
ing places. There were then ten times more taverns among farmers than 
now. The saloon men have tried to make their trade shine but Prohibi- 
tionists have not. 

State-law Prohibitionists came next; then followed constitutional Pro- 
hibition. High license was a foolish step; it makes the people joint part- 
ners of the saloon-keepers. H. W. Hardy. 

Lincoln, Neb. 



NO GILDED TRAPS. 

Editor The New Voice: No young man or old ever starts on the down- 
ward road in the low dives and cheap places. The gilded places where 
light and music and pictures abound are the traps that draw the unwary. 
High license and regulation and state dispensaries all produce the same 
results of bribing the taxpayers and with no redeeming features. Either 
free liquor selling or Prohibition is better than the license system or 
regulation. B. F. Parker, 

R. W. G. S. Independent Order of Good Templars. 

Milwaukee, Wis. 



dr. funk s view. 



Editor The New Voice: If a pestilence is ravaging a section of the 
country or city we quarantine against the place where it is, and let it wear 



6o 

itself out at that place, confining its mischief there. A disease has never 
yet been cured by being dressed in fine clothes and introduced into good 
society. We must beware making a disease popular, nor should we in any 
way minimize or hide its evils. It should be kept away from those who 
are now free from it. Who proposes to cure cholera or smallpox by a 
license fee? They are to be stamped out. No license can be made high 
enough to let them have free course. The treatment to be accorded to 
the saloon is limitation and extermination. I. K. Funk. 

New York City. 



WHAT ST. JOHN SAYS. 

Editor The New Voice: The saloon, with its cut-glass tumblers and 
decanters, its French plate-glass mirrors, fine furniture, marble floors,, 
gilded walls, fancy pictures, and captivating music, on a prominent street 
corner, is the liquor traffic's kindergarten, where the young, the middle- 
aged, and even the old, and all who are easily tempted, are taught their 
first lessons in the use of intoxicating liquors. And yet some people call 
this a "respectable saloon," just as if there could be such a thing! Just 
as well say that a thief is honest, a harlot virtuous, a liar truthful, and a 
wife-beater kind-hearted. There never was and there never can be a 
respectable saloon. From the respectable-saloon-kindergarten, the victims 
of the liquor traffic are started down the toboggan slide that lands them 
in the horrible den of vice where they receive the finishing touches and 
are eventually kicked out into the midnight storm, armed only with a pass- 
port to hell. The government has received its revenue, however. But for 
the "respectable saloon," these poor victims would never have entered the 
low-down den of vice. But for the "respectable saloon," they would be- 
clothed in the raiment of sobriety, morality, and good citizenship, and be 
an honor to our country. John P. St. John. 

Versailles, Mo. 



DEVIL S STOOL PIGEONS. 

Editor The New Voice: The most dangerous saloons are the so-called 
"respectable" ones. To take any form of vice and strip it of its natural 
repulsiveness is to greatly enhance its seductive power. To conceal the 
end of sin, which is death, is to make men less afraid of sin. The "re- 
spectable" saloon is therefore the intake and starting-place of far more 
victims of strong drink than the low "doggery" could possibly be. And 
the alleged "respectable" drinkers are the devil's most successful stool 
pigeons. J. C. Jackson, 

Columbus, O. Editor "American Issue." 



6i 



VILE GROGGERY LESS HARMFUL. 

Editor The Nczv Voice: It seems to me clear that every student of the 
temperance problem must be willing to concede the wisdom of Dr. Chap- 
in's early utterances. 

There can be no two opinions as to the proposition that the low, vile 
groggery does less damage to private life and public morals than is done 
by the elegant and semi-respectable saloon. The former may kill off 
somewhat more rapidly its besotted victim, but it rarely starts a young 
man on the downward path. The high-toned hotel bar and the elegant 
saloon ofifer the allurements most dangerous to youth. 

Albion, Mich. Samuel Dickie. 



Editor The Nezv Voice: Out of every saloon — that is, out of every 
place where liquor is sold as a beverage, proceeds crime, poverty, and dis- 
ease. According to my observation there is little choice to be made be- 
tween the evil effects of the so-called respectable saloons and the so-called 
low dives. In the former the habit of drinking has its beginning ; the 
latter sees the final destruction of the intemperance. It is fair to say that 
some men can drink in both places for a good many years in such quan- 
tities as do not produce absolute disease. But so many persons are in- 
jured in their capacity to be good men of family and good citizens in both 
classes of saloons that the government should do everything in its power 
to suppress both of them. 

I have recently spent some time studying the saloons of New York city 
and their results. Attended by reputable secret service men, I have called 
at some of the worst places where liquor is sold, and I have also inspected 
some of the so-called better class saloons, among them the Subway tavern. 
I have no hard words to speak against anyone who sympathizes with the 
effort which such a place as the Subway tavern stands for as an experi- 
ment looking toward the improvement of some of the conditions surround- 
ing the beverage traffic in drink. But for myself, I cannot see any advan- 
tage to be gained by the effort. The liquor sold at the Subway tavern is 
just the same in its effects, both to create anw foster appetite, as the alco- 
holic stimulant which is sold in the other kinds of rum-shops. It does not 
kill as fast as the whisky blended with wood alcohol which made such 
good business at the morgues here last fall, but in the course of time the 
same baneful effects will be produced. After my night excursions through 
the dark places of the city and my visit by day to other localities, I felt 
a deep gratitude, with all the hardships and difficulties connected with a 
refermer's life, that it is my privilege to have some part in a movement 
which seeks, as rapidly as possible, to banish both the "low haunts" and 
the '"gilded apartments," where manhood and womanhood are alike de- 
based and destroyed. Howard H. Russeli., 

Superintendent New York Anti-Saloon League. 

New York City. 



62 



GENERAI, MILES APPROVES. 



Editor The Nezv Voice: I approve the sentiments of Dr. Chapin, but 
it would be better, if the moral sense of the people were strong enough^ 
to remove the evil entirely from its temptation and use. 

Nelson A. Miles. 

Boston, Mass. 



UP TO THE CHURCH. 

Editor The Nezv Voice: I did not know such rot had ever been put 
forth even among all the stuff which had been written and spoken about 
temperance. The saloon is an evil and only an evil, but alas, no power 
has ever yet been found since the days when Noah went on a spell, to 
prevent poor, frail, human nature from craving alcohol and getting it, too. 
Of course, this stuff is sold by and with the consent of the church. Every- 
body knows the church holds the balance of power and should they de- 
cide that whisky should not be sold, it could not be. But so many church 
members drink that the whole scheme is impossible. I believe the gospel 
of Jesus Christ is the only solution to all this trouble. 

S. H. HadeEy, 
Superintendent Old McAuley Water Street Mission. 

New York City. 



' ALE LICENSE IS SIN, SAYS SWALLOW. 

Editor The Nezv Voice: Concerning Dr. Chapin's view of fifty years 
ago, there can be but one intelligent opinion, and that is an endorsement of 
Dr. Chapin's position. The crime of the ages has been the attempt to 
make evil appear good, wrong to appear right, and black to appear white. 
The most dangerous vice is gilded vice. The more orderly a house is 
kept, and the more elegant its equipment, the greater its fascination for 
the young man who has yet to take his first drink. If license permitted 
the sale of liquors to drunkards only, on the ground that the appetite 
having been created it is simply the dictates of humanity to meet its de- 
mands, till its victim has completed his suicide, voluntarily begun but 
ended in physical compulsion, the soaks would soon be in their graves. 
And if it were made a criminal offense, punishable with imprisonment at 
hard labor, to give a young man his first drink, or to sell to others than 
confirmed drunkards, the pure would be conserved in their purity. But 
all "license is sin," and he who favors it is a sinner. "The times of this" 
license "ignorance God winked at, but now commandeth all men every- 
where to repent." S. C. Swallow. 

Harrisburg, Pa. 



63 



THE KAVENING WOLF. 



Editor The Nezv Voice: Though the utterance of Dr. Chapin is fifty 
years old, no amendment is needed to-day. It is not antiquated. Truth 
does not grow old. 

"The eternal years of God are hers." 

The various experiments with the liquor traffic — license, high license,, 
government control, bishop's tavern, and what not — all proceed upon an 
assumption that is utterly baseless, viz., that the traffic in intoxicating; 
beverages is in itself good, though its abuses are to be deprecated. The 
fact is, this traffic is only evil and that continually. It is essentially evil, 
not merely casually so. A real, honest, thorough correction of the evils. 
of this business would leave nothing of it, for it is evil through and 
through. 

The only good grog-shop is a dead grog-shop. It is an executioner and 
not a doctor that this case demands. 

Multitudes, still befooled, are yet waiting for that which can never come- 
— the transformed saloon. They have been taught that the saloon is not 
the ravening wolf which fanatical traducers have called it; that it is 
rather a house-dog, albeit somewhat rough in his ways, but having valu- 
able possibilities which some correction and some training will develop. 

Were all ministers of Christ as faithful to sound the alarm as was this- 
shepherd of a former day, we might hope for the speedy passing of this, 
strange delusion and the banishment of this insatiate devourer. 

John F. Haiv, D. D., 
Corresponding Secretary Assembly's Permanent 
Committee on Temperance. 
Pittsburg, Pa. 



FOR SCENIC VALUE. 

Editor The Nezv Voice: I desire to say that Dr. Chapin is right in his 
statement, so far as the effect of the so-called respectable places is con- 
cerned. I would not admit, however, the propriety of permitting the worse- 
places, even, to sell liquor. 

I have often thought that a series of pictures beginning with the so- 
called respectable saloons and running through the entire list to the lowest 
groggeries, showing all the side accompaniments of the penitentiary and 
poorhouse and wretched homes, would furnish the best possible material 
for a stereopticon lecture. Men do not learn to drink in the worse places ; 
they begin it in the respectable ones. 

And yet may I say as a matter of policy, the agitation against the worse 
places is valuable in that they thus form the picture in the public mind of 



64 

the saloon, and the more horrible the traffic can be pictured, the more 
easily will the people turn against the whole system. 

S. E. Nicholson, 
State Superintendent Pennsylvania Anti-Saloon League. 
Harrisburg, Pa. 



PROHIBITION THE ONLY CURE. 

Bditor The Nezv Voice: The only remedy for the evils of the saloon 
is to destroy the saloon. It is folly to waste time in comparing the rela- 
tive harmfulness of places where liquors are dispensed. It is the "edmon 
of the still" that does the harm, whether sold in a dive or in a gilded 
palace. The only way to kill the saloon is to remove from it the sanction 
of the law. A law-protected saloon will live on in the face of every pro- 
test, and will continue its deadly work. The liquor traffic will continue to 
-enjoy the protection of the law until the Prohibition party captures the 
government and enacts laws against it, and proceeds to enforce the laws. 
Prohibition through a Prohibition party and by Prohibition officials is the 
•only remedy for the saloon evil. J. H. DurkEE, 

Chairman Prohibition Committee, State of New York. 

Rochester, N. Y. 



DR. CHAPIN CONFIRMED. 

Editor The New Voice: The experience of the fifty years that have 
elapsed since Dr. Chapin made his strong and elegant declaration, has not 
only confirmed his conclusions, but has emphasized and demonstrated their 
correctness beyond question. If the sale of alcoholic beverages could be 
confined to the old toper and the confirmed drinker, our present system 
■of teaching the effects of alcoholic stimulants in the public schools cf 
America, together with the present attitude of railroad corporations and 
thousands of other large employers of labor who demand total abstinence 
from their employes, back by the premiums now being placed upon total 
abstainers by the life insurance companies would reduce the manufacture, 
sale, and consumption of intoxicating beverages to very small proportions. 
But unfortunately such a plan is not feasible and we must continue to 
•declare : 

1. That total abstinence is the only correct attitude for the moralist, the 
professing Christian, or the patriot. 

2. That it is "the duty of the government to make it. as easy as possi- 
ble for the citizen to do right and as difficult as possible for the citizen to 
do wrong." 

3. That the pre-eminent question before the American people to-day is 
the debauching and undermining of the moral character of our citizens and 



65 

the consequent corruption and criminality of our city governments in 
nearly all our large cities through the instrumentality of the saloon and 
its allies, the gam.bling den and the house of prostitution. 

4. If the above statements are true, then it follows logically from them, 
as well as from Dr. Chapin's declarations, that it is the first duty of every 
lover of his country to decide his political affiliation right along this line, 
and that leads one straight into the Prohibition party. 

Fred. F. Wheeler. 
Los Angeles, Cal. 



ALt BEGIN IN THE SWEEE PLACES. 

Editor The New Voice: As to improving the drinking saloon by "civil- 
izing" it or making it more respectable or decent, I fully agree with the 
view of the Juaker as quoted in "The Protest" for December, 1903, from 
the Nazarene Messenger. 

"A certain keeper of a public-house was trying to exalt his virtues by 
declaring that he kept a decent house ; that when a man got full of liquor 
he could get no more, etc. To which a Quaker replied : 'Friend, that is 
the most damnable part of thy business. If thee would sell to drunkards 
and loafers thee would help to kill of the race, and society would be rid 
of them. But thee takes the young, the poor, the innocent, and the un- 
suspecting, making drunkards and loafers of them. When their character 
and money are all gone thee kicks them out, and turns them over to other 
shops to finish o, and thee ensnares others and sends them on the same 
road to ruin." 

Dr. W. A. Juayle is responsible for the following strong statement that 
is going the rounds of the press and that is not far wrong : 

"There are no decent saloons. The more decent a saloon is the more 
indecent it is. The better the fixtures the worse it is. The more elegant, 
the more damnable." Jas. L. Ewin, 

President Anti-Saloon League of District of Columbia. 

Washington, D. C. 



TURN THE LIGHT ON ALL. 

Editor The New Voice: I hold that the boy whose whole life has been 
among the lower levels is as much entitled to protection from his type of 
temptation as is the one whose surroundings lead him to the stained glasj 
and carved wood furnishings. The first is naturally the greater menace 
to the community. 

I would make every saloon stand on the ground level clear from all 
things which shield it from careful observation, where the boy, be he high 
or low, must risk his reputation if he enters it. 
S 



66 

I would neither exalt nor degrade it, but make it do its deadly work, if 
it must be done, under the clear, plain sunlight, and before the eyes of* 
all the world. H. H, Spooner, 

Secretary Connecticut Temperance Union. 

Kensington, Conn. 



SELL ONLY TO THE DEBASED. 

Editor The Nezi' Voice: From long years of experience and observa- 
tion I fully coincide with the opinion of Dr. Chapin. However, I look 
upon all forms of license, high or low, as morally wrong. But legalizing 
palatial gin mills to corrupt pure young men and v^omen into lazy, drink- 
ing proffigates, making them fit candidates for the low groggeries and 
brothels, is one of the most dangerous elements in the whole liquor busi- 
ness. They are the fountain heads of the filthy streams below. Young 
men of character and pride would scorn to be seen entering thoes low 
dives which are sending young men and women to the destruction of body 
and soul ; yet thousands finally get , there through hell's gilded ante-room 
so necessary for the accommodation of the public. 

When the drinker's appetite has been cultivated for liquor in the so- 
called respectable grog-shop so that he has become a drunkard, the doors 
are closed against him, and as a dernier ressort he turns to the low dive. 
Let us then have no more gilded graduating establishments. Let us con- 
fine the sale of the devil in solution to those who have already lost their 
manhood and sense of decency. D. H. Mann, 

P. R. W. G. T., Good Templars. 



CLOSE UP THE PALACES. 

Editor The New Voice: High license has been an attempt to civilize 
the dram-shop and to gild over the monstrous evil and sin of debauching 
men and women through strong drink. The higher the license the more 
dangerous the saloon, the more young men ruined. By all means close up 
the palaces and give us the old filthy gin mills if we must have them to 
go on in their work of ruin and degradation. 

Alonzo E. Wilson, 
Prohibition Member Illinois Legislature. 



HIGH LICENSE A GOOD SIGN. 



Editor The Nezv Voice: Dr. Chapin's view is eminently correct. The 
blear-eyed, filthy, staggering drunkard entices no one to the gin cup. The 



67 

minister, in his clerical garb, the affable man of affairs, who take an occa- 
sional glass and show no harm from the habit, drag down the mother's 
boy. The whiter the garment the devil can steal in which to do his work^ 
the more captives will he lead at his will. Common sense and the expe- 
rience of every day declare that the more respectable the saloon, the 
greater the number of its victims. 

Yet it remains true that the higher the temperance sentiment in a com- 
munity, the higher the license charged, until the business is eliminated. A 
move for no-license is much more likely to succeed in a community hat 
has required $500 for the privilege of destroying character than in one 
that has allowed the business for $200. Not that the higher license has 
been an educator, only to show that it is a broken reed to lean upon, but 
that the people who have not allowed the sale for $200 are educated on 
the subject more than others, and ready to learn, so that high license in a 
municipality is usually a hopeful sign. 

When high license is first adopted, it may be a bar to further progress, 
bnt the business soon proves its demoniacal character, its white robe of 
respectability is soon befouled with the blood of the murdered, and the 
people vvho have had the intelligence and enterprise to demand the higher 
price will prove more open to argument than those who have besottedly 
made no attempt at improvement. The only way that people generally 
will consent to take towards the annihilation of the saloon is the liigh 
license way. 

Yet it is imperative that we lift up a voice, clear and strong, proclaiming 
everywhere that the liquor habit and the liquor business are eveil and 
only evil and that continually, whether clothed in a two hundred or a 
five hundred dollar garment or allowed to display their unclad nakedness 
with all its revolting vileness. Henry CoIvMAN. 

Milwaukee, Wis. 



LIQUOR IN PHIUPPINES. 

Recent Philippine imports show a decline of nearly 75 per cent, in beer, 
while the decrease in wines is at least 50 per cent., and the value of dis- 
tilled liquors has fallen below the flour importations. Collector of the 
Podt Shuster, at Manila, reports that beer imports, which amounted to 
$1,030,698 in 1901, have fallen to $269,698 for 1904; imports of wines now 
total $266,663 worth, and distilled liquors $227,578. 

Of course to offset these decreased importations, home-made liquor 
products are rapidly coming into favor. The fact is, however, that since 
the exodus of Americans, troops, etc., there is less excitement in the 
whisky market than in the first heyday of "Expansion." 



68 

LIQUOR MEN AFTER WILEY. 

Washington, D. C, March 4. — The liquor dealers are after Dr. Wiley 
with a sharp stick. An interesting incident of the closing hours of Con- 
gress was the distribution to members of Congress, in book form, of the 
recent correspondence between Dr. H. W. Wiley, of the Bureau of Chem- 
istry, and the National Wholesale Liquor Dealers' Association. The 
liquor folks are sore because Dr. Wiley declines to retract his startling 
assertion that 85 per cent, of all whisky sold over the bars of the United 
States is adulterated. This is one feature of the correspondence. Dr. 
Wiley explains in his last letter to the association that the only conten- 
tion in which he is interested is that there shall be honesty in labeling. 
'T believe that all whisky, except in the most moderate quantities, is in- 
jurious," writes he, "no matter whether it be straight whisky or com- 
pounded whisky." 



'A^ "VJ^ 

t Essays of Prominent Men on the Use and Abuse | 
I of Intoxicating Liquors^ |: 

'A-''A»'A-''A''rt«'/S-JV-'A--'A~W^A--7*»'A-''A--'A-^A--'A--'A--'A--'A--'A--'A->'A--Tt-:.^ 

ALCOHOL AND THE "LITTLE BROWN MAN." 

PHILIPPINE DISTlLIvERlES. 

The Philippine Commission, sitting at Manila, has decided to continue 
the same revenue schedules for liquors and cigarettes as have been in force 
heretofore. After a thorough investigation of present conditions, the ap- 
peal of the distillers for lower taxes has been denied on the ground that 
the alleged injury to the trade caused by present rates has not been sub- 
stantiated. 

The investigations of the Commission revealed the fact that the dis- 
tilleries of the Lslands are rapidly resuming their normal output. In the 
province of Capiz there is one distillery, now temporarily closed on ac- 
count of over-production; in Balacan there are ten distilleries in opera- 
tion and two new ones in process of erection. Distillation in Balacan is 
mainly from nipa juice. In most of the other provinces distilling is a 
minor industry. In the city of Manila there has been a considerable de- 
crease in production due (i) to over-production before the present rev- 
enue law went into effect and (2) to an increase (practically 100 per cent.) 
in the retail price of drinks. Besides adding the special fax to the regular 
price, liquor sellers have in many cases included in the retail price a sur- 
charge of 200 or even 300 per cent, on the tax, under the excuse of rais- 
mg the price to pay the tax. 

One striking fact that has transpired is that Manila distilleries largely 
control the licenses of the retail venders of spirits in the city. 

As in America, the retail saloons are practically branches of the big 
distilleries and breweries. 



EMPHASIS ON AN IMPORTANT SIDE OF THE LIQUOR QUES- 
TION. 

The liquor traffic has many sides. It may be that the financial side is 
less important than some others, but it should not be left out of considera- 
tion. Broken hearts, ruined homes and lost souls are results that cannot 
be passed by lightly, but for the present the money side of the matter is 

69 



70 

before us. A nation cannot increase or decrease its wealth at will. It 
would be impossible to plan a colony of a hundred thousand men in the 
Sahara desert and make each one worth a million dollars in a dozen days. 
It is true, also, that if one-fourth of a nation's capital is invested in any 
one industry, not more than three-fourths is available for all other lines 
of business. Whatever money a man spends for liquor he cannot spend 
for anything else. We are interested to know whether Solomon told the 
truth when he said that "the drunkard shall come to poverty." He used 
the word "wine-bibber," but it can stand for the user of any kind of intoxi- 
cants. This verse links the drunkard with the glutton and the sluggard — 
all are headed toward poverty. The word translated "poverty" has more 
in it than our English word. "The winebibber shall be dispossessed," is 
a good rendering. This shows not only the poor condition of the drunk- 
ard, but also the course by which he has arrived there. 

1. The drunkard himself. In one sense the drunkard must decide every 
question relating to drink — he is the court of last resort and must say 
"yes" or "no" to every temptation, but, while this is true, other characters 
figure prominently. The drinker is the cause of his own indigence from 
two standpoints. The first is his inordinate desire for drink. Solomon 
talked of a man in whom the habit of intemperance was well formed. The 
process by which one becomes a drunkard may be slow or rapid, the 
causes are various, but we are dealing with the finished product of the 
saloon. He has cultivated a taste for liquor. The thirst grew insensibly, 
but gradually. x'Vt first the drink was sickening, perhaps, then it was bear- 
able, later it became desirable, while now the fumes of whisky or beer 
appeal to the appetite in a most tempting way. One who has not been 
caught in the toils of strong drink cannot understand its slavery. This 
insatiate desire, if yielded to, is a constant drain upon the pocketbook. It 
requires much money to produce it, and it is not satisfied until it has 
taken the last farthing, is it then satisfied? Go to the prison and ask a 
score of men who pawned articles or broke chests open for money to buy 
more liquor, whether the appetite departs with the last dime. The grave 
itself is the only refuge for nine men in ten. The drunkard causes his own 
poverty, too, by a lack of self-control. Desire for drink might cause a 
great deal of unrest, or even physical suffering, but if it is controlled 
firmly the purse will not suffer. All know that a physical appetite clamors 
for recognition — the desire for drink most vigorously, perhaps, of all. 
Whether one can or cannot keep from drinking has no special bearing 
here, for the fact is that the drunkard does not control himself, and if 
he cannot, he is a pitiable sight. His will has been forced to abdicate 
its throne and destructive appetite has been crowned with his own consent. 
Since his will has become measurably powerless, to that degree he has 
been made more like the machine, or the animal. 

2. The oppressor. Left to themselves, few men would go to the gut- 
ter. They are imposed upon by others. The oppressor may be an open 
foe. A man that is in the employ of the devil understands how to secure 
the downfall of his enemy. If a noble youth or a reformed drunkard can 
be made to stumble by sinister methods, the result is gained — and results 



71 

favorable to themselves are all that whisky men desire. Frequently the 
oppressor is a pretended friend. It is a common sight to see one man 
coaxing another to go into a saloon and have a social glass. That costs 
the man thus invited nothing, but a treat is expected, which is a double 
pull on his purse. All saloons are fitted up to make their customers enjoy 
themselves. One can find almost anything there, to tempt men to enter 
and remain. All this is done under the guise of friendship. If the cus- 
tomer had no purse, and the keeper had no coffer, or if the till of the 
latter could not be filled from the pockets of the former, there would be 
no music or works of art. It seems that if no other cause would drive a 
man to be temperate, the idea of being cheated out of money under the 
pretense of friendship would be effective in turning one the other way. 

3. Drink itself. Drink itself is one of the most powerful agencies for 
producing poverty. To procure it requires money. It is true that much 
is given away among companions, but what is so received is in the end 
the most costly of all. Breweries and distilleries intend that every swal- 
low shall be paid for, and the final cost falls upon those who drink. When 
we learn that the sale of malt liquors in New York city averages more 
than a barrel for every man, woman and child ; Chicago and Philadelphia 
nearly two barrels for each inhabitant ; in Boston more than two barrels ; 
in St. Louis and Cincinnati more th^n three barrels ; in Newark, N. J., 
nearly five barrels, and in Milwaukee seven barrels, do we doubt that 
strong drink requires money? The above figures do not include distilled 
liquors and wines. The use of liquors begets a desire to squander money. 
Drink makes most people liberal. Money is free as long as it lasts. Com- 
mon laborers often come out of a three days' spree $25 to $50 poorer than 
before. One's own appetite requires a larger expenditure, and the circle 
of friends increases to whom he feels under obligations by the unwritten 
code of intemperance. Gambling is inseparable from drinking in this 
age, and furnishes a new channel for the outflow of money. 

Drink also destroys the ability to earn money. The capital melts away, 
and the debt accumulates, if the man can find credit. Business expe- 
diency should put a stop to drinking, if no higher motive can appeal to a 
man. It is becoming harder and harder for an intemperate man to se- 
cure a good job on the railroad. Some roads will employ no man who 
goes into a saloon, and will discharge an employee for the first offense. 
Others that are less rigid will give the sober man preference over another 
applicant for a position who indulges in drink occasionally. If one of two 
men is to be discharged, the temperate is retained and the intemperate 
dismissed, if other things are equal. The ability for a drunkard to earn 
money is growing less and less every year. Much of w-hat has been said 
about railroads is equally true of other lines of business. 

One might reply that the circulation of money is essential to business 
prosperity. That is true, but there is no circulation about the drunkard's 
money. To circulate means to go round and round, permitting the same 
man to buy with it and sell for it. That would be more like business, but 
money spent for liquor does not circulate — it moves forward, but does not 
return. It ends in the pocket of the brewer and distiller, and the great 



72 

majority of it stays there. The ragged, red-nosed, blear-eyed drinker sees 
it no more. He sells the little cottage that his wife's money helped to 
buy, and rents a home. A little later he moves into a poorer house that 
he can get for less rent, and then he moves every month or two to dodge 
the angry landlord. But the manufacturer of his destruction stops rent- 
ing and buys a home on a good street. Later he builds a beautiful resi- 
dence on the chief avenue or boulevard, surrounds himself with all mod- 
ern conveniences, and smiles at the folly of those who made him a mil- 
lionaire. The brewer is the dead sea of the drinker's finances. Nothing 
has been said of the physical suffering that drink entails upon the indi- 
vidual and his family, or of its curtailed happiness and social ostracism. 
The ruined reputation and blackened character of the drinker have not 
been referred to, but it is hoped that enough has been written to cause 
the reader to see that there is a pocketbook side to drink, and that that 
aspect of the question has some importance. To the manufacturer and 
seller of intoxicants it is the all-important consideration. But why should 
they be allowed to fatten on the weakness and folly of men? — Prof. J. M. 
Phillippi, in N. Y. Observer. 



INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTS ON THE GROWTH OF THE 

HUMAN RACE. 

As environments are a condition of growth in the vegetable kingdom, 
the same applies to the human race. While there are many citizens who 
realize the fact it is a necessity for the higher development of man, with 
many their thoughts have not become arrested to the importance of a 
broader development of the masses in our nation. The Bible says, "As a 
man thinketh, so is he." As this is true the mind governs the body; 
by the operations of this well known law the condition of our country has 
become such as to breed anarchists, which is simply a growth by favor- 
able environments. 

It is an undisputed fact that we all receive our definite knowledge of 
good and evil by communication and example. We have in the United 
States 250,000 saloons. These are places of resort for educating the mind, 
the same as a college is for the student. The assassin of William Mc- 
Kinley is an illustration of this fact, Czolgosz being practically a student 
at his father's saloon. If it is not so, why should it be otherwise? No 
man will rise above his surroundings. This is one of the inevitable laws 
which history will prove is a cause of a nation's downfall, because of the 
wickedness practiced by its people. If the evil influence of the 250,000 
saloons overbalances the influences for good of the church, then we are 
retrograding, as the latest statistics of the church prove a decline in mem- 
bership and the number of conversions. Then if we are destroying, the 
influence of the church by our present political system, we are destroying 



7Z 

the foundation of our government, which is the only balance wheel for 
its maintainance and perpetuation. Under this condition natural law ap- 
plies — the stronger power controls the weaker — which makes the greatest 
danger of the downfall of the church and state. Man is possessed of 
tendencies which are evil, and which grow by imitation and by the social 
system, forming the habits which control the desire for better purposes. 

There is also the natural tendency for greed which is possible to all 
men. The attribute of greed gives the saloon its predominance and 
dominancy. When a saloon secures a victim by cultivating an unnatural 
appetite, that person has become unfit as a citizen to use the right of fran- 
chise on questions of narcotics, whether it be liquor, tobacco or opium.. 
As an example : No one would be willing to have a case tried in court: 
by a jury that was influenced by any one who had a selfish motive. Then 
if one man can become influenced by the operations of the legalized 
traffic in drink to unfit himself on questions of narcotics which are caus- 
ed by the stimulating growth of environments, why cannot the same be- 
applied to the nation, as the rule governing the one individual would 
apply to the many. 

It w^ould be unnatural to expect only what now exists under present 
conditions — the growth of 250,000 saloons. And the same saloons will 
cause more people each year to become imbeciles by the tyranny of their 
appetites. At this rate, if each saloon makes four victims a year, their 
they are making votes for the saloon. If each saloon controls about ten- 
votes, we have now 2,500,000 in favor of the saloon. 

At this rate how long it will be before we become a nation of tipplers 
and be governed completely by the rum power and the products of such,, 
which create poverty, therefore greatly increasing the tendency to ignor- 
ance, which will be a great obstacle in the higher development of the- 
human race? Naturally this class grows into paupers, thugs, anarchists 
and the scum of society. All of these are manufactured by the saloon. 
All such men have their place on election day, and their influence is more 
than enough to control the balance of power in any election without form- 
ing a trust because of the purchasable vote. This growth has largely 
taken place since the close of the Civil War, by one evil causing another 
to grow. Because of the financial condition of our nation during the 
Civil War period it was thought necessary to resort^ raising money by a 
tax on spirituous liquors. By this act the nation went into partnership 
with the liquor business and no doubt has caused the traffic to increase 
more rapidly because of the prestige it gave by co-partnership with the 
government. When such opportunities present themselves, it is easy to 
find many who possess principles that will not prevent them from obtain- 
ing money without giving value, and to live ofif of the vices of cultivit»d 
and unnatural appetites which they create by the traffic under the govern- 
mental sanction of a license. 

The liquor statistics show that $900,000,000 are spent annually for \n- 
toxicating beverages. No doubt the large consumption of liquor is pro- 
ducing its physical and moral effects on the human system in many vva\s, 
and our nation has been reaping what she has been sowing. It may be- 



74 

■.that the establishing of the liquor business in our nation has been one 
of the contributing causes to the assassination of Lincoln, Garfield and 
McKinley. The assassins were all citizens of the United States, and it 
would seem almost impossible for one to commit such an act unless un- 
der the influence of liquor, or because of the abuse of the same by the 
assassin. Such violent rum-inspired acts should cause an arrest of 
thought by all patriotic citizens, because the drink habit is injuring 'the 
:reasoning power of the voter. If we continue, we may expect the in- 
spiring cause to produce like effects in the future. 

Ever since Abraham Lincoln set 4,000,000 slaves free the effects of that 
action have been growing. When he consented to allow the governm :nt 
raise revenue by the tax on liquor, the effect of this act has been grow- 
ing at an alarming rate, and it has made many million more rum slaves, 
which are far worse than human slaves. Among this number may be 
more assassins in embryo ready to take a president's life when opportu- 
nity presents itself. The question arises, has not the nation already rea,7ed 
what it has sown by the assassin's shortening of the lives of many states- 
men by its abuse? Also, is the Government done sowing and reaping? It 
appears not so, as it grants licenses to all saloons in the District of Co- 
lumbia, and still continues to have a private bar in the Capitol, desiring to 
extend the sale to the various territories, and endeavoring to restore the 
■canteen to the army. All of these conditions are caused by the licensing 
of the liquor traffic which brings the business into politics. 

As this deplorable condition is the product of our politics, the indi- 
vidual voter is responsible, as his act only helps those who run the po- 
litical machine to continue the business of manufacturing drunkards and 
paupers by law. To allege otherwise is contrary to all reason. If cer- 
tain causes produce certain results (and these results are fatal to good 
government), then your acts must be either for or against the best in- 
terests of the government. A chain can be no stronger than its weakest 
link. If you continue voting as heretofore, in what class should you be 
registered? — New Jersey Gazette. 



A SHORT STORY. 

BY TALLIE MORGAN. 



The Newman M. E. Church is the largest in the city of Bloomsbarre, 
having over eight hundred members. 

The Official Board is in session. 

A very animated discussion is going on over the withdrawal of twenty- 
seven of the members of the church. 

Dr. Williamson, the eloquent pastor, is speaking: 

"I admit that in point of numbers, twenty-seven out of over eight hun- 
dred would make but very little difference, but see who the twenty-seven 
are — the very ones who carry on our prayer meetings and attend to the 



75 

■spiritual affairs of the church. It is true that they are not the wealthy 
part of our church, but a church cannot be run with money alone." 

"Brother Williamson," spoke up the Hon. Charles Smith, a member of 
the Legislature, "I say let them go; we will get along much better with- 
out them. They have grown crazy over the Prohibition party, and right 
here in our prayer meeting some of them have grown so bold as to de- 
clare that any man who did not vote their ticket was supporting the liquor 
traffic. Now, I claim to be as good a prohibitionist as any man in the 
Prohibition party, and indeed a better prohibitionist, for the reason that I 
had the honor of voting for the enactment of our present high license law, 
which has done more for temperance than the Prohibition party will ever 
accomplish." 

Then Judge Grant, one of the county judges, spoke up: "Gentlemen, 
this recent discussion about the church being the bulwark of the liquor 
traffic is nothing short of blasphemy in calling the faithful followers of 
the Lord Jesus Christ the upholders of the rum-traffic, the greatest curse 
the world has ever seen. I agree with Brother Smith, let those prohibition 
cranks go, and our church will then go on in peace." (Applause from the 
other members of the Board.) 

"Of course," said Dr. Williamson, "we will have to give them their 
letters, for we can find no fault with their Christian character. But we 
have none to take their places in the public prayer service. This is one 
of the evils of bringing politics into religion ; they won't mix. The Grand 
Old Republican party is a good enough temperance party for me, and 
while it is not up to the standard on the temperance question that I would 
like to see it, yet I am not going to throw away my vote on a party that 
hasn't a ghost of a chance of electing its candidates." (Applause.) 

"I don't understand what these fanatical prohibitionists want," said 
the Hon. Mr. Smith. "Our church as a church has declared that the 'liq- 
uor traffic cannot be legalized without sin,' and nothing stronger than that 
could be uttered. The man who sells liquor for a living is worse than a 

Just then there was a sharp knock at the door. 

"Come in," responded the double-bass voice of Dr. Williamson. 

The door opened and the portly form of the saloon-keeper across the 
street appeared in the doorway. He was the first to break the oppressive 
silence : 

"Gentlemen, knowing this to be your regular meeting night, I decided 
to come over and inform you that I and my family have made up our 
minds to join j^our church and help along the good work you are doing." 

This speech was greeted with dumb astonishment by the members of 
the Board. Dr. Williamson was the first to speak: 

"Have you given up the saloon business?" 

"No sir," replied the saloon-keeper. 

"Are you going to?" 

"No, sir. I am conducting a respectable place and see no reason why I 
■should." 

"W-e-11," slowly replied the Doctor, "our church rules prohibit us from 



76 

taking in dealers in liquors, and for that reason, we must refuse you." 

"Oh," said the saloon-keeper, a flush of anger coming into his already 
florid face; "I was not aware of that. On what ground does your church 
refuse to admit saloon-keepers?" 

"On the ground that they are engaged in a business that sends souls to 
hell," replied Dr. Williamson. "The Bible says that no drunkard shall 
inherit the kingdom of God, and therefore, no drunkard-maker can. More 
than that, our Board of Bishops has declared that the liquor traffic cannot 
be legalized without sin." 

The saloon-keeper was thoroughly aroused by this time, and in a sup- 
pressed, angry tone he asked : "Do you know that a great many of your 
members are regular customers of mine?" 

"I have heard that some were," said Dr. Williamson. 

"Do you know that two of this Official Board, now in this room, are 
among my regular customers?" 

No reply, but two very red faces showed who had been hit." 

"Do you know that I got my license from Judge Grant, who sits here,, 
for which I paid the regular license fee?" 

"Hold on," said Judge Grant, "you are going too fast, my friend ; I do 
not make the laws, and I am compelled by the license law to grant li- 
censes ; therefore, I am not responsible." 

"Well, the law was enacted by Mr. Smith, there, and other Republicans." 

"You can't place the responsibility on me," said Mr. Smith. "I carried 
out the wishes of those who elected me. Had I been elected on a Pro- 
hibition platform I would have voted for a prohibitory law. My party- 
stands for high license and I voted for the law." 

"I understand that fully," said the saloon-keeper, "but I voted for you ; 
so did Judge Grant; so did Dr. Williamson; the rest of this Board and 
the great majority of the voters in your church. I took it for granted that 
all who voted for you believed in license. Now, I am politely told that 
I cannot join this heaven-bound band and that I shall go to hell. Dr. 
Williamson here, voted for you. Smith, to pass a license law which com- 
pels Judge Grant to give me a license — to go to hell! I am the fourth 
party to the agreement and without the consent of you there I c(fuld not 
engage in the whisky business. You three are bound for heaven, where 
you will wear crowns and play on golden harps, while I am to suffer the 
torments of the damned ! Gentlemen, if your Bible is true, and I go to 
hell for selling whisky, you will go zvith me to hell for voting to give me 
the legal right of doing so. Good Night.'''' 

With that he vanished, closing the door behind him with a vigorous 
slam. 

The members of the Official Board looked steadfastly on the floor, each 
one seemingly afraid of breaking the silence. They were Christian men; 
believed they were doing their Christian duty. But the saloon-keeper, in 
his fierce arraignment of those present, had placed a tremendous responsi- 
bility on their shoulders. Each one was doing some pretty serious think- 
ing when Dr. Williamson ended the silence by saying slowly: 



17 

"Brethren, that saloon-keeper told us some terrible truths. Brethren, 
•cur hands are not clean, nor our skirts unspotted. Let us go home and 
pray for light." 



GUSHING HITS RESUBMISSION. 



JSTEW engIvANd's veteran prohibition orator dissects faese claims of 

MAINE EAW FOES. 

BatHj Me., Jan. 21. — (Special correspondence.) — Volney B. Gushing, of 
Bangor, spoke in the Elm street Baptist church to-night, where a good 
audience listened to his address against resubmission. The address, in 
part, follows : 

The American Republic is founded upon the proposition that the pur- 
pose of government is to establish justice, promote the general welfare 
and secure the blessings of liberty. It follows that everything must be 
judged by what it contributes to these ends. The farm feeds us; the fac- 
tory clothes us; the school instructs us, and the church inspires us with 
moral ideals. But what does the saloon contribute to our welfare? No 
good thing. The saloon has a tendency to defeat the very objects for 
which governments are established. If every business in the United 
States produced the same results as the liquor business, government 
would fail and social order would be impossible. A man may have some 
disease in his body and live, but if every vital organ be sick, if every drop 
of blood float disease, he dies. If every business under our flag produced 
as much evil as the liquor business our nation would perish. 

In view of this the true policy for the government is hostility to the 
liquor business. This is the long established policy of the State of Maine. 
Prohibition means that the piracy of the gin mill shall not have the sanc- 
tion of the State ; that the saloon shall not be as legal as the school, and 
that "Old Glory" shall not spread its protecting folds over the distillery 
and the brewery. 

But the resubmissionists wish to substitute for Prohibition a local op- 
tion, high license law. The resubmission movement is not formidable; it 
does not represent the public opinion of the State. Liquor dealers and 
men who desire a freer traffic are undoubtedly in favor of the movement. 
There are some citizens, having no personal interest in the liquor trade, 
who honestly believe that local option and high license would be better 
than the "Maine law." I would like to submit for the consideration of 
this latter class, a few facts and arguments. 

The local optionists accept the principle of Prohibition and give it lim- 
ited application. They call local Prohibition good and can have no dis- 
pute as to the principle, but only as to the extent and method of its ap- 
plication. 

Local option, however, carries the doctrine of local self-government alto- 



73 

gether too far. There are some matters which towns can manage for 
themselves better than the State can manage for them. These come with- 
in the circle of local self-government, but under local option cities and 
towns establish saloons which affect the whole State. Saloons are not 
like water and light works, limited in their operations to the communities 
which establish them. Saloons in license towns hurt no-license towns and 
create burdens for the whole people to bear. Therefore the State, repre- 
senting the whole people should prohibit the liquor traffic and not permit 
communities to establish policies that are at variance with the general 
good of the Commonwealth. 

Under local option there is license in one town and no-license in the 
next, revenue in one town and no revenue in the next; liquor selling is 
legal in one town and criminal in the next. All this has a tendency to 
obscure moral distinctions in the public mind and make criminality or 
legality a mere matter of township lines. 

High license is a part of the local option system. It is the price of 
shame. Men are permitted to carry on a bad business if they will pay 
$500 or $1,000 a year. This is high license stripped of all pretence. High 
license has been tried for years and every claim made for it has failed, 
but one. Its friends said it would yield revenue. It has, although the 
liquor traffic probably costs us ten or twenty dollars for every dollar that 
it yields in revenue. High license does put money into the local treas- 
uries, but it does not drive out the dives or reduce the volume of the 
traffic or make the saloon less dangerous. 

Here are some facts which are as solid as the Maine hills : 

1. However high the license fee, there will always be a large class of 
men able to pay the fee and anxious to get the license. Now, see the 
bearings of this fact. One man has just as good a right to carry on the 
saloon business, if it be a legitimate business, as another man, and any law 
which gives one man the opportunity and the profit and denies the oppor- 
tunity and the profit to another man is unjust, and is a discreditable kind 
of class legislation. The more a business is monopolized the more power 
it has in trade and in government. High license creates a barroom mono- 
poly. 

2. The evil of the traffic grows under high license. The saloons are 
made attractive, and the business is advertised and pushed. Police rec- 
ords in Vermont and New Hampshire show more arrests for drunken- 
ness under license than under Prohibition. 

3. High license corrupts the public conscience by appealing to the cu- 
pidity of the taxpayer. Every year in Boston the voters are urged to sup- 
port license because the city gets over one million dollars revenue from 
the saloons. The corporation managing the gambling establishment at 
Monte Carlo pays all the taxes of the Principality of Monaco for the 
privilege. This is the revenue argument. Gambling is bad, but it pays 
the taxes and so it flourishes. Under high license the taxpayers legalize 
a bad business for money, and thus moral distinctions are obscured by 
revenue. 

4. The liquor men are willing to compromise on high license if the 



79 

people will repeal Prohibition. Compromise with evil is always defeat 
for the good. The devil's dice are loaded. He beats us every time if 
we try our hand with him. We shake dice with the devil in the high 
license game and the devil comes out ahead. 

Prohibition is right and the "Maine Law" justifies itself. It is better 
than license even if it be not thoroughly enforced. But when there is a 
man behind the law, who uses the enforcement machinery for the pur- 
pose for which it was intended, the good results are apparent to all men. 
This was shown in Portland, under the lamented Pearson. It is being 
shown now in other parts of the state under faithful officials. Maine will 
not abandon her time-honored liquor policy. The motto of her state- 
shield will continue to inspire her people. 



$ The Liquor Traffic and Wages, | 

^J.<..v..u.."..".." ." ^' " V V u V V V V V w w V w V V y, v v v v v r, v v u v v v v v v rf v v v w x, v^ 

It is our purpose in this article to consider but one factor in the wage 
problem, viz. : The drink habit. We shall show that this habit lowers 
average wages ; and that for this reason wage-earners should labor for 
the suppression of the drink traffic — which is the principal agency in the 
perpetuation of the drink habit. 

The drink habit has an ill effect on wages in three ways. First, by 
furnishing a cheaper grade of labor; second, by increasing the number 
of wage seekers, and third, by decreasing the demand for the products of 
labor. 

I. It furnishes a cheaper grade of labor, viz., women and children, con- 
victs and paupers. Statistics show that, as a rule, those trades, states and 
nations in which the largest proportionate number of women and children 
are employed, pay the lowest average wages. Labor organizations, by 
their declarations against the employment of children, and in favor of 
•equal pay for equal work regardless of sex, recognize this fact. Every- 
«one knows that while there are many cases where honest poverty drives 
the mother or wife to leave the home, and the boy and girl to leave the 
school to enter the mill or mine — it still remains true that the drink habit 
of the father, son or husband is responsible in a majority of cases for com- 
pelling the women and children to enter the ranks of wage-seekers. So- 
briety on the part of the men, by increasing their earnings, savings and 
self-respect, will permit the women and children to retire; and thus cut 
-off a large supply of cheap labor. 

Convict Labor. — It is conceded that the drink habit produces convicts. 
Judges, wardens, police officials, clergymen and statesmen all agree that 
:a large percentage of the crime committed can be traced directly to drink. 
Stop the supply of convicts furnished through this agency, and wages 
will feel no bad effects from convict labor. 

Pauper Labor. — The drink habit pauperizes home labor. This has a 
worse effect on wages than the imported foreign labor against which we 
very properly legislate. The sober foreigner will soon learn the value of 
"his labor, and will demand it. Not so with the debauched laborer. 
Pressed by immediate need, he stands ever ready to sell his labor fof* 
^hat it will bring. No employer will employ him steadily; but most of 
them will use him to tide over a temporary embarrassment. He is ever 
Si tool in the hands of those who seek to profit by the necessities of others ; 
and is a constant burden upon honest labor. 

2. It increases the number of wage-seekers. It is evident that any- 

80 



thing which will increase the number of wage-seekers without causing a 
corresponding increase - in the demand for their services, will decrease 
average wages. The drink-habit does this. We have already seen how it 
forces women and children into the wage-market. It draws on other 
classes also. Men who were once employers now seek employment ; and 
men who once possessed sufficient wealth, with proper use to render them 
forever independent of wage-earnings, are found in the ranks of poorly 
paid labor. 

This waste forces these people into the ranks of wage-seekers ; it also 
prevents many from leaving these ranks. The vast sum of $1,500,000,000 
is a very moderate estimate of the annual loss to this nation through 
drink. The avidity with which saloon-keepers seize upon the opportunity 
to advertise in labor journals, and to locate near large works, as well as 
daily observation, justify the inference that a large percentage of this loss 
falls upon the wage-earners. Estimating their share of the loss to be 
but forty per cent, of the whole, it would, if placed at five per cent, in- 
terest, enable 100,000 of them to retire annually on an average yearly in- 
come of $300. There is, of course, no way of establishing the exact pro- 
portions in this case ; but this estimate will add force to the statement that 
the drink habit keeps many in the ranks of wage-seekers who might other- 
wise have retired. So long as we continue to crowd the ranks of wage- 
seekers with the old and the young, sending the wage-seekers of three 
generations after the work of one, it is foolish to expect to secure the 
best possible conditions for workers. 

It is sometimes claimed in this connection that the liquor traffic benefits 
wages by furnishing employment to many engaged in it. This conclu- 
sion is based upon the false assumption that in case the liquor traffic were 
-suppressed, all the capital now employed therein would remain idle. This 
•capital would be diverted into other channels of industry; and would 
furnish employment, as proven by the census report, to about fifteen per- 
sons for every four persons now employed by it. 

3. It decreases the demand for labor's products. Anything which de- 
creases the demand for the products of labor without causing a corre- 
sponding decrease in the number of wage-seekers will necessarily result 
in reduced average wages. The drink habit does this by decreasing the 
wants and the purchasing power of its victims. When John Smith spends 
a dollar for drink he cannot use it to purchase anything else. The spend- 
ing of the dollar decreases his power to purchase the other products of 
labor. It injures or benefits wages according to the part of it wage-earn- 
ers receive, as compared with what they would receive from other probable 
purchases. The following table shows how the drink habit afi^ects wages 
in this respect : 

ON^ HUNDRED DOLLARS SPENT FOR 

Liquor gives Labor for wages $1.67 

Boots and Shoes 20.71 

Furniture 23.58 

6 



82 

Carpentering and Building 20.88 

Bricks 32.75 

Carpets 17.21 

Men's and Women's Clothing 17-45 

Cotton and Mixed Goods 17.29 

Woolen Goods 12.86 

Worsted Goods 13.56 

Sewing IN/Iachines 26.66 

Printed Matter 26.90 

Bakery Products ii-44 

According to this table the wage-earners receive an average sum of 
$20.10 for each hundred dollars spent for the articles enumerated, except 
liquor: for liquor, $1.67. The drink bill last year was about $1,200,000,000; 
showing a loss to the wage fund of $221,160,000, This would employ over 
600,000 persons, at ruling wages. 

That not only the ability, but also the desire to purchase other articles 
is decreased by the drink habit is known to every observer. Lower and 
lower its victim sinks daily in the social scale. Day by day his self-re- 
spect diminishes ; and with it goes all care for the respect of others. The 
desire for drink becomes his ruling passion ; to secure it, his sole aim. 
He allows nothing to stand in the way of this object. There is no deed 
too mean or low, or vile, or vicious for him to do in order to feed his 
appetite. There is nothing too sacred to stand before his accursed thirst. 
Poverty, friends, home, family, he offers in sacrifice to his idol. Living, 
he is a disgrace to his kind, and a burden on honest labor. Dead, his 
ruined life cries out in protest against the conditions that wrecked it. 
Let us not blind ourselves to this disgrace, nor close our ears to this pro- 
test. Rather, let us arise; and, in the power peculiar to our citizenship^ 
change these conditions, and rid wage-earners of this fearful burden. 



A STARTLING EXHIBIT! 



THE MONEY WE SPEND, AND FOR, WHAT.? 

Missions, home and foreign $5,500,000 

Public Education 85,000,00c 

Sugar and Molasses 160,000,000 

Boots and Shoes 190,000,000 

Cotton Goods 220,000,000 

Meat 315,000,000 

Bread 505,000,000 

Tobacco 630,000,000 

Liquor, direct cost 1,200,000,000 



83 

INDIRECT COST OF THE DRINK TRAFFIC. 
[Copied from Handbook of Prohibition Facts.] 

1. Lo55 £>f Productive Power. — A drunken workman wastes time, spoils 
material, delays others, and demoralizes a whole establishment. Em- 
ployers of labor in nearly every productive industry have to make liberal 
allowances for this loss of productive power, and, it may be fairly assumed, 
to charge higher prices than they would have to charge with the same 
force of men all sober. In a table published in the Voice of May 14, 1891, 
twenly'-seven establishments in various lines of productive industries em- 
ploying in the aggregate over 9,000 workmen, replied to questions with 
regard to their experience along this line : and the ten who had made esti- 
mates placed their loss of productive power from drink at from 8 to 33 1-3 
per cent. Suppose the loss averages for productive industries throughout 
the whole country 8 per cent. The total product of such industries is 
aboint $7,250,000,000* annually; and the loss therefore would be about 
$580,000,000. 

2. Pauperism. — The Census of 1890 gives 73,045 as the number of pau- 
pers in almshouses ; the average cost of their support may be placed, at ? 
low estimate, at $100 per year, making a cost to the taxpayers who sup 
port the institutions of $7,304,500. In the State of New York, the cost 
of out-door relief is about two-thirds as much as the cost of maintaining 
paupers in almshouses ; and if the same proportion holds good throughout 
the entire country, the total cost of out-door relief would be about $4,- 
869,700. Three-fourths of the Pauperism is estimated by the "Cyclopedia 
of Temperance and Prohibition" as due to intemperance, on which basis 
the cost of supporting drink paupers is $9,120,600 annually. 

3. Crime. — The amount annually raised by taxation to defend the com- 
munity against the ravages of crime was estimated by Fred. H. Wines to 
be in 1880, $50,ooo,ooot. The amount certainly increases as rapidly as the 
population, which would give for 1890 about $62,430,000. The statistics of 
crime show that at least 75 per cent, is due to drink; therefore the cost 
of defending community against drink crimes, according to this exceed- 
ingly low estimate, is about $46,822,000. 

4. Insanity. — The Census returns for 1890, show 91,152 insane persons 
in the United States confined in public and 6,383 in private institutions. 
The cost of maintaining the public instit'utons was $13,818,463^ an average 



*Mulhairs Dictionary of Statistics gives the total manufactures of the 
United States for 1888 as $7,215,000,000. Of this, $305,000,000 is beer and 
spirits, which is deducted ; and 5 per cent, added for increase from 1888 to 
1890. 

tThat this is a low estimate will be seen by comparing with the police 
expenses of the 15 cities given. These 15 cities contained in 1890, 7,832,- 
990 population, or 43 per cent, of the population contained in cities having 
over 8,000 population, and 12^ per cent, of the entire population of the 
country; and their total expenses for maintaining their police departments 
alone, to say nothing of courts, penitentiaries, county jails, reformatories, 
etc., were over $16,000,000. 



84 

of about $152 for each inmate. If the cost in private asylums averaged 
one-half more, the total for all institutions, public and private, was about 
$15,465,000. If one-fourth the sum be set down as due to drink, it would 
make $3,868,000. This does not by any means include all the insane and 
mentally incapacitated in the country, however. The Census of 1880 gave 
the number of insane and idiotic persons in the United States as 168,982. 
If these increased in equal ratio with the increase in population from 1880 
to 1890, there were in 1890 about 211,000 insane and idiotic persons in the 
country, or 113,400 not confined in insane asylums. The cost of keeping 
them, at $100 each, would be $11,340,000 a year, and if one-fourth are due 
to drink, it gives $2,845,000 to be added to the $3,868,000 above, making 
in all $6,713,000. 

5. Sickness. — Dr. Hargreaves, in "Worse than Wasted," estimates 150,- 
000 persons simultaneously sick in the United States through intemper- 
ance, and a like number of temperate persons sick through the intemper- 
ance of others : on which basis, if medical attendance be counted at $1 a 
day, the annual cost of sickness due to drink would be $109,500,000. 

6. Other Items. — There are numerous other items of loss entailed by 
the liquor traffic which cannot be estimated in dollars and cents — the loss, 
for instance, to farmers through the placing of distillery and brewery re- 
fuse in competition with grain as a food for cattle and hogs ; and thro'ugh 
putting distillery-fed meat on the market to compete with grain-fed meat ; 
the loss to all classes from the loss of productive power; the cost of cities 
of saloon-controlled governments ; the cost to parents of raising children 
.to fill places in the drunkards' army, etc. 

WHAT THE TRAFFIC PAYS. 

""Th^re should be deducted from the foregoing items of direct and indi- 
rrecit -cost of the drink traffic, the amount of revenue paid the Federal, 
State, and local governments. These are given more in detail in succeed- 
ing paragraphs. Placing the cost on one side of the ledger and the revenue 
on the other one, we have the following: 

BALANCE SHEET. 

The Liquor TrafRc in Account with the People of the United States. 

Internal Revenue (1890) $107,695,909 Drink Bill (1890) $1,131,863,382 

Customs " (1890) 8,518,081 Loss of Protective 

State and Local License, 41,272,000 Power 580,000,000 

Pauperism 9,129,600 

f - / Crime 46,822,000 

Insanity 6,713,000 

Sickness 109,500,000 



$157,485,990 $1,884,027,982 

The balance against the traffic, on this basis of estimating, is, therefore, 
$1,726,541,992, so that the traffic pays back only about eight cents on the 
dollar of its cost. 



WHAT THE FARMER LOSES THROUGH THE TRAEFIC. 

The $1,200,000,000 annually spent for liquor in the United States, if 
turned into channels of useful industry, would give to the farmer a much 
larger market for grain and produce than he receives from the liquor 
traffic. The greater part of the 2,500,00 or more drunkards* in the United 
States spend for drink all they earn beyond a mere existence, and that 
they owe largely to charity. It is safe to estimate that they spend $5 a 
week for drink, to obtain which they deprive themselves and their families 
of the ordinary necessities of decent living. On that basis, these 2,500,000 
spend $650,000,000 or about half the amount spent annually for drink in 
this country. Now, suppose that, instead of spending that amount for 
liquor, they buy of the farmer: 

15,000,000 barrels of flour, at $7 $70,000,000 

30,000,000 bushels of potatoes, at $1 30,000,000 

300,000,000 pounds of beef and pork, at 8c 24,000,000 

100,000,000 dozens of eggs, at 20c 20,000,000 

150,000,000 pounds of butter, at 20c 30,000,000 

120,000,000 gallons of milk, at 20c 24,000,000 

10,000.000 barrels of apples, at $3 30,000,000 

Other fruit 15,000,000 

Vegetables and garden truck 10,000,000 

Poultry, etc 20,000,000 

And they have paid into the farmers' pocket $273,000,000 

In place of the 46,000,000 

which the liquor traffic now pays, and will have left 377,000,000 for cloth- 
ing, boots and shoes, hardware, rent, furniture, fuel, etc. 

This is not taking into account the moderate and free drinkers who 
spend the other $550,000,000 of the annual drink bill, and who are assumed 
to be able to buy the bare necessities of life anyhow. 



*The statistics of crime in the 15 largest cities of the United States show 
about 340,000 arrests for drunkenness and drink offenses. These undoubt- 
edly do not represent as large a number of persons as that, as some are 
arrested more than once. On the other hand, not one drunkard in five, 
probably, is arrested. At the same ratio of drunkards to population, there 
would be 2,720,000. We take the round number 2,500,000, which corre- 
sponds closely with the conservative estimate made in 1889, by Mr. Wheeler 
in "Prohibition, the Principle, the Policy, and the Party." 

-—■ ■! 



I The Causes of Money Panics and Depression on | 
t Business* t 



This condition seems to be inevitable, and there is a cause for it. If 
the people of the United States would investigate they would readily see 
the cause. I will, nevertheless, endeavor to explain. 

As has been previously said, there cannot be an effect without a cause. 
That cause is the over-consumption on the line of so-called "luxuries," 
and the under-consumption of necessities. The consumption of the "luxu- 
ries" is largely the cause of hard times, and depressions in business, 
causing millions of people to remain poor all their lives. 

What I shall refer to is the narcotic habit. The statistics of the United 
States show a consumption of tobacco annually to be over $800,000,000, 
and of liquor $1,250,000,000. The consumption of these two articles 
amounts to more than two billion dollars. 

To make clearer the point in question, with regard to luxuries, all arti- 
cles not used for sustenance of the body are luxuries. The use of to- 
bacco and liquor is not a luxury, but they are so-called "luxuries." They 
are compulsory articles. Anything that is compulsory cannot be a lux- 
ury. Webster defines "luxury" as "anything highly delightful; pleasing; 
great or excessive pleasure. That which highly gratifies the appetite, such 
as dainty, the luxury of the season." 

The Scriptures tell us that strong drink is raging, and whosoever 
drinketh it is deceived thereby, and is not wise. The same can be ap- 
plied to those who use tobacco. 

Have digressed somewhat from the subject, but, in order to explain 
why the consumption of these articles should cause hard times, and de- 
pressions in business, I desire to state that the reason is, that the pur- 
chaser gets no returns for his money from the purchase of these two 
named commodities, therefore, he is cheating himself by his own delu- 
sion, and encouraging the producer to raise the raw materials and the 
manufacturers to convert them into articles that have no value. 

I will explain more fully the losing game : Anything that costs labor to 
produce, and has no value to the consumer, then that labor is lost. Every- 
thing that is grown, built or manufactured, has a labor value atached to 
the same, if the consumer is benefited. Some might say that those en- 
gaged in the labor of manufacturing get paid for their labor. It is true 
that they do; but, if the manufacturer should not give them employment, 

86 



87 

they would be employed by some one else, doing something, just the same 
as people were employed before tobacco came into use. 

To keep in the reader's mind the labor value of all products, whether 
vegetable or mineral, and what becomes of the value of that labor, we 
would say: Suppose that the writer be possessed with a fancy to manu- 
facture gun-powder, and then have an explosion every week, continuing 
this practice for a year or so, he would be out thousands of dollars paid 
for the labor. 

Now, suppose that there are other people who are as inconsistent and 
engage in that kind of business, and burn it up every week. The result 
would be that we should all be poor together. Somebody must be $800,- 
000,000 poorer every year, and the value of that labor is lost, as all labor 
is supposed to be a benefit to some one. 

Now, in order to make it clearer as to where the money goes, you may 
say that the money is not lost^ but you give labor to produce it and your 
labor is lost unless you can get value received for your purchase, the 
same as you purchase any articles that are worthless. 

I will endeavor to give a mathematical calculation : Suppose we should 
export to other nations that amount in grain, liquor or tobacco, or other 
manufactures instead of using them. The United States would have in 
net cash $1,500,000,000. This would give $2,000 to each of the 750,000 
voters each year. If they should invest that money in houses there would 
be 12,000,000 houses erected. In sixteen years there would be a house 
for every voter, making $24,000,000,000 worth of real estate, which by a 
just assessment would cause all taxes to be reduced to a minimum, there- 
fore, there is much need of educating the masses along economic lines, 
as they can waste in indulgencies by acquired habits of narcotics in forty 
years the entire wealth of our nation, as it does not exceed $75,000,000,000, 
or about $1,000 per capita. 

There is another important reason why the use of tobacco should be 
discouraged, and its use abolished. The casualties by fire and various 
accidents have always been known to originate from the use of tobacco. 
A great many accidents have been traced to this one cause. 

To illustrate this point, when the great Baltimore fire occurred the in- 
surance committee agreed upon the fact that it was due to the throwing 
of a lighted cigar stump through a cellar window. The estimated loss 
was $150,000,000. In order to show what this fire meant to the public, 
I will make a few mathematical calculations. Let the reader judge for 
himself the loss from the fires that occur annually. 

Damage ^ $150,000,000.00 

Population of the United States 70,000,000 

Consumption of the United States annually.... 700,000,000.00 

Population of Baltimore 500,000 

Consumption in Baltimore annually 5,000,000.00 

To make up the $150,000,000 loss it will take 30 years. 
The total loss per capita was $300, 



88 
Cost of smoking three cigars a day at five cents each. 



20 t 


25 years 


20 ' 


' 30 




20 ' 


' 35 




20 ' 


' 40 


*' 


20 ' 


' 45 




20 ' 


' 50 




20 ' 


' 55 




20 ' 


' 60 




20 ' 


' 65 




20 


' 70 





Principal. 


Principal and Interest. 


$ 273.75 


$ 313.95 


547-50 


745-75 


821.25 


1,314-72 


1,095.00 


2,081.16 


1,368.75 


3,110.16 


1,642.50 


4,494-41 


1,916.25 


6,353.87 


2,190.00 


8,655.02 


2,46375 


12,215.36 


2,737.10 


16,216.37 



Is it consistent for a person to abstain from the use of tobacco for 
twenty years, and then build a house for himself with the savings and 
then deliberately burn it down? He would get no value from either. 

Where is the difference between burning it at five cents a time, or after 
a period of twenty years. Suppose all users of tobacco should cease to 
use it, and the young man not begin, then in twenty years they would 
save enough to build a house which costs $2,000.00. By dividing $2,000 
into $800,000,000, we should have 400,000 houses, and there would be a 
house for every 800,000 smokers each year, and for the consumers of 
liquor there would be 600,000 houses every year and at the end of two 
years, every voter would have a house of his own. 

As it is at the present time, there is not one in fifty who owns his own 
house. If the above could be brought about, the burden of taxation would 
be reduced to a minimum. As it is now, the burden of tax comes on the 
few. And if a man should own a house, and there is a mortgage on it, 
the owner pays tax for the assessed value without any exemption or 
mortgages, so one can readily see that there is a large expense which 
comes on a few, as the cost of running the municipalities, the State and 
government affairs, especially in the way they are conducted, is a very 
heavy expense on the man who owns real estate. 

As we all know, the expenses for running a city must come from the 
real estate holder, and because of this and the mismanagement, some 
cities have been compelled to repudiate their debts or make compromises 
with bond-holders, just the same as individuals who live beyond their 
incomes, and lead very extravagant lives. 

Another reason for the depression in business, and why the prosperity 
of the country is hampered, is because of the condition of the people who 
have money to invest in real estate, for they will not buy unless it is a 
bargain. 

Those who do not own any real estate will not pay any poll tax, and 
very few will pay their personal taxes. Still, they have the same liberty, 
freedom and protection of the city as those who own property and pay 
their taxes. This condition, of course, gives the property owners an 
opportunity to help others pay their taxes, and occasionally they give the 
people a month's rent free, and then have to go to the district court in 



89 

order to evict them from the house, and for this the tenant will not pay 
you two months' rent. 

The building industry that has much to do with the prosperity of the 
country is crippled because of the condition of those who have been made 
victims of appetite. They do not save their money to build houses, and 
the carpenters and bricklayers are compelled to be out of work one-half 
of the time, and, in order that they may live with their families, they 
form unions, set a scale of wages of so much per thousand bricks a day, 
and the men who build must pay for the same. 

The up-to-date business man should figure how much he can pay be- 
fore going into an enterprise, or he will soon realize there is something 
wrong. He knows that the debit and credit sides will find their level 
as does water. 

Another great hinderance to the building industry is the expense in re- 
pairing because of the unions of the various mechanics. They make cer- 
tain rules that they will not send one man alone to do any job, and the 
plumber is the most expensive of all mechanics. For example, the writer 
has a bill on file, having been charged with $9.87, when $3.50 would have 
been more than ample for the entire work. This same principle will hold 
good with other mechanics. I recently had a roof fixed which cost over 
$24.00, whereas, $10.00 would have been sufficient for the work, and when 
they do the work they are very careful not to do it well, so that it would 
soon have to be done over again, either by themselves or some other mem- 
ber of the union. 

I am writing this to show how the great industries of the world are 
retarded because of the unreasonable and exorbitant charges, and the 
man who has any money will not invest in any real estate, because the 
tenant soon learns from the complaints of his landlord because of the 
enormous expense in keeping the house repaired, and if he has any money 
the renter will soon invest in any chance scheme, or in life insurance, be- 
cause there is no extortion of money for repairs. If this could be avoided, 
thousands of people would invest in real estate, and it would be a great 
factor in preventing depressions in business. 

He may perchance hear that it costs $16.00 of his tax money to collect 
one dollar received from the liquor traffic. 

He says, "Hum, you don't catch me in such business that puts up my 
money in brick and mortar for the assessor to get a shot at." 

Therefore, the greatest frugality is hampered because of conditions 
made by the liquor traffic. Some people might say that if they did not 
spend their money in drink and tobacco, they would spend it foolishly 
for something else. There might be a few people who would do such a 
thing, but it would not be as bad as spending money for something that: 
does them an injury; and, besides, whatever he might purchase would 
not be a total loss as is the consumption of narcotics. 

Suppose a man should, instead of using tobacco, buy a suit of clothes. 
This money would be saved, and there would be a value attached to his 
purchase, because it is something essential to keeping his body warm, and 
makes him feel manly. He is more self-respecting, and it tends to the- 



90 

•elevation of mankind, because he feels himself to be as others, and he 
would be more inclined to seek better society. 

Supposing that a man's wife should desire a costly bonnet; if she ob- 
tains the same, it will make her feel more self-respecting, and will make 
her respect her husband, and because of her queenly appearance she will 
be inclined to seek the society of other queenly-looking women. 

Suppose that a person should act the Epicurean by expensive living, a 
portion of the same would go for the sustenance of the body, and the 
balance for gluttony and be an object lesson to others, but if he abuses 
himself by the use of narcotics, he will not only make himself an object 
lesson, but a companion of others who seek to do as he does. 

Still, both are of some benefit to the purchaser and to the manufac- 
turer. The subject of "Liquor and Wages" will explain more fully why 
-there is a depression in business. 

But money panics are the result of other conditions ; they can be traced 
to the first indulgence in narcotics. With many the money panics are 
inevitable, and they accept the situation and seem to be waiting patiently 
-for some one to interest themselves in them, instead of investigating. They 
think that in the course of human events there must be seven years of 
famine and seven years of plenty, and ordained by God in sending a 
• drought rather than by man's own instrumentality in bringing upon him- 
self his own misfortune. 

There is also a class of people who will endeavor to imitate others, 
who are better off financially than themselves, and their expenses exceed 
their income. By so doing, others are financially affected. They are the 
ones who would "even up" all the wealth in the country if you would 
permit them. 

There is still another class who are practically communists at heart, 
and lack moral principles, and would plan to "do" the merchant or any- 
one when an opportunity presents itself, and if you were to try and get 
your own, they might tell you in actions, if not in words, that the world 
"owed them a living." 

They are not particular how they get it, and will take their chances 
of keeping clear of the law. Another class helps to start the panic. It is 
the one who will start business on borrowed money from friends or 
through banks, by getting indorsements for the same, and because of the 
small amount of capital invested (that is, the money of his own), he be- 
comes reckless in business and often has a tendency to speculate in vari- 
ous ways, and also gamble, and so, in connection with his business, he is 
socially inclined. 

Smoking and drinking, both, have much to do in the shaping of one's 
life, in muddling his brain, and eventually the indorser and the banks are 
the losers in the transaction. 

Then there is still another class which means well, but conditions seem 
to be their fate, as much is required of them by their families. Probably 
the wife is not just what she should be as a helpmate to him, and the pro- 
fits of his business are all absorbed in household affairs. He may have 
daughters who, together with his wife, are desirous of keeping in. "good 



91 

society" and must have various educational advantages. He may also 
have a son \yho is desirous of making more of himself than the ordinary 
man. He has a large contract on hand. Perhaps the son is an inveterate 
cigarette smoker, by his lack of usefulness and expense of maintenance 
he will help his father bring about a^ failure. 

By this the banks get in other financial difficulties. Taking into con- 
sideration the large number of these classes of people, it is only the natu- 
ral culmination of affairs. These conditions are brought about by a ne- 
cessity, because of those who do not have a good share of real estate and 
are compelled to go to the wall. It is a case of the survivor continuing 
in business, and when the panic is over there has been a sifting out of 
the unreliable. Business will then continue to prosper until the same 
cause that produced the last panic causes another. 

To prevent the frequent occurrence of a financial panic every few years 
the people of the United States must practice a more economical way of 
living, and also practice honesty in business and in politics. 



Has RcKgion a Place in Politics? Yes* t 

^'A-''A-"'/S-'/k--'/k"-'/S*'/S''<S"'/v""'/«''/v""'A--'/S-'/v--'iJ''/S:'/f"'/{"'/<-'i{"'/^'/S-'/\"''/v"-'>v"-^(C"'/v""'/f''/S''<rS''^ 

There is an old saying that religion and politics do not mix, but I am 
fully convinced that they do, have, and will, until the Church fully real- 
izes how it is being affected. The effect upon the church members is 
alarming, yet it comes unawares. All the people who are familiar with 
church statistics know that there is a lack of interest on the part of seven- 
eighths of its members. I do not claim that this condition is solely due to 
the rum traffic being in politics, but it is a most potent cause, because poli- 
tics is of a worldly character, therefore the Church is affected by such 
power, and the entire world is controlled by politics. 

We know that, physically, the strongest power controls the weaker, 
therefore worldliness is the stronger power in the human race. If this 
were not so, then when a man is converted he would stay converted. It 
cannot be disputed that the doctrine and principles of the Church should 
control the political sentiments, but they do not, and cannot, as long as 
the liquor traffic is the controlling power in both political parties. 

In order to save the Church from destruction, one of the dominant poli- 
tical parties must, of necessity, champion the principles of the Prohibition 
party, as Christ did when he said to Peter, "On this rock I build my 
Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it." 

Any political party that upholds that which is corrupt is doomed to de- 
struction because of its own condition. Those who are in authority in 
political matters, and have the welfare of the Church and State at heart 
should, because of the necessity of preserving the Church, abolish all the 
principles from the party which corrupts it, and not expect the Church 
to remove and remedy the evils in politics. They should not expect the 
leaven to leaven the whole lump of the unleavened. 

There are a number of ways in which the liquor traffic affects the 
Church. Church members often become annoyed by the failure of liquor 
consumers to pay their bills, which causes much distress. This comes to 
those who are affected with great perplexity and trial and has a great 
influence on those who are endeavoring to lead exemplary Christian lives. 

There are many church members who have formed an appetite for 
drink by having it in their homes as a medicine, and have commenced to 
use it indiscriminately, until they were unable to dispense with it, be- 
cause they had created a desire for it, believing that it did them as much 
good as a medicine they would take it when they were well. 

Again, there are those who are strong partisans, and opposed to the 

92 



93 

Prohibition party, and they do not hesitate to make their views known. 
This has a tendency to cause the displeasure of other members, who think 
differently, and it becomes a hinderance to the Church in a spiritual way. 

The attitude of the Church as a whole, in not voting against the liquor 
business is a great hinderance to the increase in membership. The people 
who are not church-goers reason that Mr. "So and So" voted with a party 
that promotes the liquor traffic, and is supporting g. liquor party, and they 
think that the church member is no better than themselves, and 
that they are as well off out of Church as in it, and if that method of 
procedure for license causes drunkenness through his supporting a party 
that licenses the saloon, drunkenness will increase. 

Is it any wonder that the Church is dying out, when there is such in- 
consistency and apathy on the part of its church members in helping to 
destroy the greatest institution for as a hinderance to the elevation of man, 
while so much depends _on this ideal? When nations are destroyed for 
the lack of supporting this principle, and do not aspire to the teachings 
of Christ, it is indeed a sad and deplorable condition. 

A groceryman may believe in the principles of the Prohibition party, 
but he may have a saloon-keeper as a customer, and if it should become 
known that the grocer voted the Prohibition ticket, he might lose the sale 
of a head of cabbage. 

A blacksmith might be strictly temperate in his views, yet a brewer may 
have his horses shod at his shop, and he must be silent in order to keep 
his trade. 

So the lawyer may be subjected to the same law, for his extensive 
practice may have, been created by the evils growing out of the liquor 
traffic. 

The nev>'spaper man must be a silent man, just as if he were bound and 
gagged, because he has two political parties to please, and he naturally 
could not be expected to speak in favor of the Prohibition party. 

The minister fears speaking about the temperance question because his 
congregation is composed of people affiliated with both political parties. 
Should he speak about the evils of the liquor traffic, some of the official 
board might think he was making a fight for some other party than that 
to which they belong. 

The office-holder might likewise believe in the principles of the Pro- 
hibition party, but it is possible that he may have been placed in office 
by a certain political faction, and he would naturally have to uphold their 
principles, because he would desire to be re-elected. 

I have cited these few instances to prove to you that the liquor traffic 
has practically resolved itself into the fact that man looks mostly to the 
almighty dollar, and that is the first thing to be considered in politics. 

This proves the necessity of co-operation in helping to form a new 
political party to prevent the influence of the saloon from destroying the 
Church, and to make it possible for any man, whether he be a church 
member or not, to vote with a party without stultifying his conscience. 



I Why the Parochial School is a Curse to the | 
I' Church, a Menace to the Nation, % 

Si. ^r- 

[Extracts from the Book by Rev. Jeremiah J. Crowley, a Roman Priest, 

of Chicago.] 



THE PUBLIC SCHOOIv MUST BE DESTROYED. 

"Catholic priests and prelates are determined to destroy the American 
public school. Their slogan (suggested by the Roman cry against Cart- 
hage in the days of old, 'Delenda est Carthago/ is: The public school 
must be destroyed. The Romans had in view the maintenance of their 
commercial and military supremacy ; the Catholic hierarchy has in view 
the selfish interests of its priests and prelates, and not the true welfare 
of the Church or State. 

"If the course of these prelates is pursued by the hierarchy, certain 
things must inevitably follow. Animosities will be engendered among the 
American people which should have no place in the citizenship of our 
republic. The Catholic Church will lose all her power and prestige in 
America. A hurricane of hate is brewing. I love the Catholic Church 
and to save her from destruction in America I write this book. 

"The Catholic parochial school in the United States is not founded on 
loyalty to the republic, and the ecclesiastics who control it would throttle, 
if they could, the liberties of the American people. 

"It is my profound conviction that the masses of the Catholic people 
prefer the public schools, and that they send their children to the parochial 
schools to avoid eternal punishment, as their pastors preach from the pul- 
pit, 'Catholic parents who send their children to the godless public schools 
are going straight to hell.' 

"The Jesuits are particularly vicious toward the public school. In the 
Holy Family Church, the largest parish in Chicago, in 1902, during a 
mission at which there were present at least 2500 people, all being women, 
the Jesuit preacher said : 

" 'Parents who send their children to the godless public schools are 
going straight to hell. I make this statement in the presence of the blessed 
sacrament. Now, I want you good mothers, whose children attend the 
parochial school, to kneel down and offer up with me, from the bottom of 
your hearts, three Our Fathers and three Hail Marys for the conversion 
of these wicked and benighted persons who are sending their children to 
the godless public schools.' " 

94 



95 



CATHOLIC LAYMEN OPPOSED TO THE PAROCHIAL SCHOOL. 

"I am morally certain that not five per cent, of the Catholic men of 
America indorse at heart the parochial school. They may send their chil- 
dren to the parochial schools to keep peace in the family and to avoid an 
open rupture with the parish rector; they may be induced to pass resolu- 
tions of approval of the parochial school in their lodges and conventions;, 
but if it ever becomes a matter of blood, not one per cent, of them will 
be found outside of the ranks of the defenders of the American public 
school. 

"If a perfectly free ballot could be cast by the Catholic men of America^ 
for the perpetuity or suppression of the parochial school, it would be sup- 
pressed by an astounding majority. 

"The plain Catholic laymen know that the public school is vastly su- 
perior to the parochial school in its methods, equipment, and pedagogic 
talent. They know, too, that the public is the poor man's school. They 
know that the public school prepares, as no other can, their children for- 
the keen struggle of American life and the stern duties of American citi- 
zenship.' 

"Prelates and priests work upon the fears and feelings of the women 
and children, and the fathers, to have peace in their families, yield and 
send their children to the parochial school. 

CLERICAL HOSTILITY TOWARD THE PUBLIC SCHOOL. 

"Catholic clerical hostility toward the public school is a fact with which- 
the American people will be forced to deal sooner or later — the sooner the 
better. 

"I assert that it is the set purpose of the great majority of the Roman^ 
Catholic hierarchy in America to destroy, root and branch, the present, 
system of American public schools. 

"The Catholic clerical scheme to utterly destroy the American public 
school has these among other phases : 

"i. The bringing of the public school into contempt by characterizing it 
as "godless," "vicious," "a sink of corruption," etc. 

"2. The securing for the Catholics parochial school the largest possible- 
share of the public school tax funds. 

"3. The encouraging of other sects to start sectarian schools and to 
demand public moneys in payment for the secular education of the chil- 
dren. 

"4. The securing of a Catholic majority on public school boards and on- 
the teaching staff of the public schools in the hope of being able thereby 
to lower the tone of instruction and discipline in the public schools, and 
thus bring the public schools into disfavor. 

"5. The securing the employment of nuns and monks as public school 
teachers. 

"6. The prevention of normal school training of public school teachers. 

"By these and other means Catholic ecclesiastics hope to destroy the- 
public school system, and to make the parochial school supreme." 



96 

The public schools are charged with being godless, with causing frivolity 
and depravity, and even with causing Ij^nchings. Mr. Crowley quotes an 
editorial from The Catholic Telegraph, of Cincinnati, entitled, "Reaping 
the Whirlwind," which says : "Various reasons have been assigned for 
these frequent eruptions of the anarchistic spirit, but, in our opinion, the 
lynching spirit is due to the irreligion, the exaggerated idea of personal 
freedom, and the repugnance to authority imbibed by the pupils in the 
godless schools of the country." ' 

Commenting on this astounding statement, Mr. Crowley says : 
"The time is surely near at hand for the Jesuits and other Catholic ene- 
mies of the public school to charge it with bringing about the rebellion of 
Lucifer, the fall of Adam, the universal deluge, and the diabolical im- 
morality of Pope Alexander VI." 

PAROCHIAL SCHOOL BOARDS OF EDUCATION. 

"The board of education of the Catholic parochial school system is none 
other than the Vatican, meaning thereby the Pope and the Propaganda and 
their ecclesiastical advisers. These high dignataries comprising the Pon- 
tiff, the cardinals and others, constitute what may with propriety be called, 
in view of their relation to the parochial school, the board of education 
of the Catholic parochial school system." 

ANSWERABLE TO THE VATICAN. 

"To whom are the parochial school superintendents responsible? They 
are directly answerable to the Vatican authorities. The Pope has never 
seen America, and, if reports be true, does not understand the English 
language, and hence cannot read the Constitution of the United States 
without the aid of a translation or an interpreter. 

The supreme head of the parochial school system in the United States 
is inevitably an Italian, and a person whose election suits France, Spain 
and Austria. The college of cardinals has its majority composed of Ital- 
ians. The Church calls itself universal, and is established indeed in all 
parts of the world, but any cardinal who is not an Italian has no more 
chance to become Pope than he has to become President of the United 
States. France, Spain and Austria have for centuries exercised in the 
conclave the right of vetoing any candidate for the papacy whom they dis- 
liked. The Holy Ghost, if he acts at all in the selection of a Pope must 
consult these three secular governments. Dr. Alzog says : 

" 'The great Catholic Powers have continued to exercise a greater or 
less influence on papal elections down to our day. (Dr. Alzog's Manual 
of Universal Church History, Vol. II., p. 484.) 

"It certainly must seem to the American people an anomaly that France, 
Spain and Austria should have a commanding voice as to who shall be the 
supreme head of a system of schools in the United States of America. 

"I submit to the American people this question : Is it to the best in- 
terests of the nation that a multitude (now over a million) of its children 



97 

should receive their secular education in schools which for their highest 
supervision are subject to ecclesiastics whose perpetual residence is in 
Europe who have never seen the shores of America, who are strangers to 
our language, our customs, and our laws, and who attack Americanisms?" 

CATHOLIC TEACHING ORDERS. 

Mr. Crowley declares that it is the duty of all patriotic non-Catholics to 
withdraw all support, of whatever nature, from Catholic institutions until 
the unholy attack on the American public schools is completely abandoned. 
"Do not give your money to them," he says, '"and do not patronize them." 
He urges Catholic school teachers to unite in defense of the public schools. 
He declares that the Catholic teaching orders, which supply nearly all the 
teachers to the parochial schools, are hostile to the American public school. 
"They would gladly destroy it if they could. That public school which 
hires a member of a Catholic teaching order to teach its children is giving 
employment to its deadly enemy. Under no consideration should monks 
and nuns, whether clad in the garb of their religious orders or in secular 
attire, be permitted to teach in the public schools. The American people 
should set themselves as a wall of granite against even the shadow of sec- 
tarian interference with the bulwark of their liberties, the public school. 
Their declaration should be : We will treat as a deadly enemy of the 
nation any sect that attempts to undermine the public school, or that tries 
to get public funds. The parochial school as it is, is a curse to the Church 
and a menace to the nation." 



The Decline of the Christian Religion and the 
Rise of Catholicism and Mormonism* 



.^^(.^^(.^^(.•^t■^^(•>J(.' 



:— A-'/k-'/C—zv—Jv—Jv— Jv—Jv—ii—JfA—Jv— -/fai- 



The reason why the Christian rehgion is dying out and the Catholics, 
Mormons, Christian Scientists and Spiritualists are increasing is due to 
the fact that the larger part of the human race has degenerated into a 
state of apathy regarding its future existence, more especially regarding 
future punishment, and this makes man responsible to God for his indif- 
ferent conduct towards his fellow-men. He often acts unchristianlike in 
his manner. Such indifference is largely due to his disbelief in a future 
punishment, and this also accounts for the inconsistency of laymen and 
ministers — more especially the latter, — as their position is similar to hold- 
ing a political office. Any one who is familiar with the influence of the 
ministry and those holding high positions, knows it is hard to act as he 
properly should, especially when he feels that it is his duty to do right 
at all times. Because of this, the Protestant minister lacks zeal in en- 
deavoring to please those who command the most influence in the official 
board, and precisely the same condition can be found in politics. Because 
of this the preaching of the Gospel has become perfunctory with many. 
It gives many the impression that there is no reality in the Christian re- 
ligion, and because of their indifference their actions do not correspond 
with their calling. This gives the impression that they are not unlike 
other men who cater to man's natural desires and passions and the Chris- 
tian leaders are trying to meet the wants of the people by removing the 
bars of restraint so as to hold their membership. While this apparently 
is true, the people who act as though they want a more liberal religion do 
not actually want it as an example. No one wants to take the risk of any 
other religion except what is given by Christ, for there is too much un- 
certainty in all others, hence, while they see the inconsistency of the 
others, they will not venture to leave this world to the unknown, as the 
animal-'without the ingrafting of a spiritual desire is not acting in accord- 
ance with the requirements of the church. It is only natural for a man 
to want the best of everything while living, and this applies to religion. 
It has been shown in the past that the Christian religion is best adapted 
to govern the human race because of its increase ; but of late, through the 
failure to increase in members, there has been a question of doubt as to 
whether the Christian religion is the only consistent religion that attempts 
to represent God in man; hence, the more a man acts and patterns after 
Christ the more he will become like Him. The same is true of him who 

98 



99 

patterns and imitates any good man, or vice versa. By this principle you 
can become Godlike, but the great difficulty now is in our political condi- 
tion, because it is so unfavorable to the cultivating or possessing of spir- 
itual nature because of the influence of the almighty dollar our environ- 
ments make it easy to produce the same spirit and incentive that prompted 
man to crucify Christ which existed in the hearts of the people in those 
days exists now. Christ was not crucified because of his religion, but be- 
cause the principles which he represented showed how they should con- 
duct themselves, and that interfered with their way of making money. 
They endeavor to conduct a business that is contrary to the teachings of 
Christ, and to give it the appearance of respectability they resort to li- 
censing it. The devil himself could not have conceived a more hypocrit- 
ical way of deceiving those who profess to maintain the principles of 
Christ than by the invention of licensing the business of political methods. 
It is surely prompted by some one whose conscience was troubled by the 
selling of intoxicating liquors, and sought to relieve the same by throw- 
ing the responsibility on the many, and found that the best way out was 
by taking the devil into partnership, and by this changed the appearance 
from licentiousness to licensing. Not all the people are aware of the 
value of a suitable partner, but the present condition of business, com- 
pared with the past, shows clearly that many have found the right person 
and the proper name to assist them in selling intoxicating liquors. 

It has continued to prosper in various forms ever since the beginning 
of the license system. The latest thing in the way of invention is the traf- 
fic in white slaves, and because of the success of licensing other sins no 
doubt they will soon commence to license this evil, calling it "segrega- 
tion." The licensing of the saloons ought to sufficiently warn us by their 
rapid increase during the last forty years, when before that time there 
were scarcely any saloons, only a few for hotels and inns for the accom- 
modation of man and beast, by so doing they have changed man to a 
beast. It has not been more than seventy years ago when there were no 
licenses of any kind granted, but under the license system over 250,000 
saloons are protected by the United States, and the consumption of liquor 
has increased from six gallons per capita to eighteen gallons, and just as 
the consumption of liquor has increased, crimes of all kinds have kept 
apace. To convince yourself of this fact, read the essay entitled "Is the 
World Growing Better?" 

While I have no doubt that when the licensing of the liquor traffic was 
adopted as a remedy to prevent further injury to man, the thought and 
motive was a good one. Men seeing their neighbors imbibing too 
freely sought exemplary Christian men to dispense with it. But that does 
not change our present condition, and as individuals learn by their mis- 
takes, so should all States and nations; but those who run the political 
machine believe that a change would defeat their political party as shown 
in the chapter on "Assurance of Success by Forming a New Political 
Party." Experience has taught us that even a good act may be mis- 
applied. To be honest, after knowing these facts, we should not attempt 
to remedy any other evil by licensing it. When any law is enacted for 



the safeguard of moral principles, the supposed need of a license should 
condemn it. It is the inherent wrong that calls for protection by the 
enactment of laws, though much of our licensing is done under the guise 
of religion and reform. As recently stated in the daily papers by a woman 
promoter, Miss Smith, of Washington, D. C, the prevention of an evil 
by substituting the licensing of it in any form of persuasion is the most 
deceptive of all pretenses. 

When you religiously undertake to accomplish a purpose the cause of 
which is immoral, you have done just the thing that the devil wanted to 
help him ; and when you make your religious creed so broad that a per- 
son can commit any immoral act, and then by going to man and con- 
fessing and paying him for it and secure absolution, you have a religious 
system -that will destroy any form of republican government, because 
ignorance becomes one of its strongest forts, and devotion is the founda- 
tion on which it rests, and as ignorance is the mother of devotion and 
such devotion is sure to grow, that kind of religion well mixed in poli- 
tics will be sufficient to accomplish its evil purposes in due time. By the 
formation of a government that will sacrifice any principle to the interest 
of politics and appoint such men to office as will sow the seed of destruc- 
tion, the fruit of such sowing will appear in due time, and this form of 
Teligious creed will produce a form of government in harmony with man's 
desire, and wherever such religious faith predominates the apathy and 
liberality of our republican form of government will cater to anything 
that will perpetuate or elect to office such men as will do their bidding, 
rand our republican form of government will become most dangerous. It 
is alleged by a noted speaker, Dr. Buhler, that rum, romanism and re- 
bellion were allied with the democratic party, and to that saying is cred- 
ited the defeat of James G. Blaine ; but with that stigma and sentence 
resting on that party, it would take a microscope to distinguish the dif- 
ference in principle from the republican party. 

There are men holding office by the appointment of the president and 
elected by politicians who hold the same religious belief. This proves 
that religion and politics do mix; but where the great mistake lies is the 
association of religion with politics in view of securing office. While the 
Roman Catholic religion has some good principles to commend it, it is a 
dangerous religion because of its narrow-minded devotees, who keep all 
their followers in ignorance of the principles they cherish. It is said by 
them, "Do not unto others as they would not have others do to them." 
How far this law is carried out among their followers, I cannot say, but 
from experience and knowledge of their products, it is certainly a back 
number. This spirit may be due to the influence of some other persua- 
sion. The secret may be with that religious people. Be that as it may, it 
only shows how dangerous a thing may be, and yet we remain as uncon- 
scious of the danger as a man is of the subtle forces of dynamite or gun- 
powder. It is the latent power in the principle that does the execution. 
The Catholic form of religion is not the only hinderance in the way of 
higher development of the human race. 

We have a sect which is a menace to the world's progress known as the 



Mormons. Their secret of success is somewhat different from that of 
the Catholics. They cater to all the weaknesses and passions of men. 
They appeal to those possessed of animal passions or cultivate such habits 
as man is subject to contract. Many of them have a little idea of their 
doctrines but worship in accordance with the creed set before them. 

Mormons, a religious sect founded in the- western part of New York in 
1830 by Joseph Smith, and since 1847 settled in Utah. The sect com- 
prises about 200,000 members, including about 50,000 living in other coun- 
tries. Their distinguishing peculiarities, in a religious and a social sense, 
are, in the first case, the belief in a continual inspiration through the me- 
dium of the head of their church; and in the latter, the practice of poly- 
gamy and the establishment of a complete hierarchial organization, their 
government being a pure theocracy. 

The supreme power rests with the presidency; then follows the office 
of the patriarch ; then come the council of the 12 apostles and of the 70 
disciples, and the orders of high-priest, bishop, elders, etc. The head of 
the organization alone has the power or right to work miracles or receive 
revelations. Implicit belief in the president or prophet and in his divine 
mission is the corner-stone of Mormonism. 

The Mormons are distinguished for frugality and thrift. They accept 
the Bible and Book of Mormon as divine revelations, subject to the ex- 
planations and corrections of the prophet. Polygamy was originally con- 
demned by the Book of Mormon, but in 1843 Joseph Smith claimed to have 
received a revelation recommending the adoption of the custom. The 
Book of Mormon was, as alleged, found under divine guidance by Mr. 
Smith, secreted and preserved in a stone box, and composed of gold plates 
8 by 6 inches, and forming a book 6 inches in thickness. These precious 
plates were inscribed with characters of the reformed Egyptian tongue, 
and the volume was accompanied by a pair of mystical spectacles called 
the Urim and Thummin, so that no difficulty was found in deciphering 
the text. 

Mr. Smith's translation of the work was published in 1830, and the 
plates disappeared soon after. The golden volume claims to give a his- 
tory of America from the destruction of the tower of Babel down to the 
5th century o four era, and imparts the novel information that Christ 
preached in America. 

With this book for the basis of his teachings. Smith began to preach 
in 1830, and in 183 1 he led the first Mormon congregation of 30 members 
from Manchester, N. Y., to Kirkland, O. Here he and they remained 
for seven years, Brigham Young (q. v.) having joined them in 1832. 
From this place Smith was obliged to fly, the main body of his followers 
having in the meantime settled in and around Far West, Mo. From this 
latter place they were driven in 1838, when they crossed the Mississippi 
and retired into Illinois, where they founded the city of Nauvoo. Here, 
or not far distant from it. Smith, who had been incarcerated in the 
county jail, was shot by a mob, June 27, 1844. 

After this disaster to the sect a new imigration was decided upon under 



the guidance of Brigham Young, who was elected prophet on the death 
of Smith, and who now led, with admirable tact and firmness, about 16,000 
persons across the prairie desert to Salt Lake Valley, involving a journey 
of two years. Here they founded Salt Lake City (q. v.), which has 
grown steadily in importance. It is the capital of Utah Territory, and is 
situated in a fertile valley, beyond which are the mountains where the 
snow never melts. 

The Tabernacle, a huge wooden structure, oblong in shape, 250 by 150 
feet, its immense roof, the ceiling of which is 65 feet above the floor, sus- 
tained by 46 columns of sandstone, and having the second largest organ 
in the United States, first greets the eye of the traveler. It is used for 
religious services, lectures, and other gatherings, and seats 8,000 persons. 
The new temple, of which we give an illustration, is situated on the east 
half of the same block as the Tabernacle. Its dimensions are 99 by 186^ 
feet, and its estimated cost is $10,000,000. 

The articles of faith of the Mormon Church are as follows : 

1. We believe in God, the eternal Father, and in his Son Jesus Christ, 
and in the Holy Ghost. 

2. We believe that men will be punished for their own sins and not for 
Adam's transgression. 

3. We believe that through the atonement of Christ all mankind may 
be saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the Gospel. 

4. We believe that these ordinances are : First, faith in the Lord 
Jesus Christ ; second, repentance ; third, baptism by immersion for the 
remission of sins ; fourth, laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy 
Ghost. 

5. W'e believe that a man must be called of God, by "prophecy, and by 
the laying on of hands," by those who are in authority, to preach the 
Gospel and administer in the ordinances thereof. 

6. We believe in the same organization that existed in the primitive 
Church, viz., apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, etc. 

7. We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions, 
healing, interpretation of tongues, etc. 

8. We believe the Bible to be the word of God, as far as it is trans- 
lated correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon to be the word of 
God. 

9. We believe all that God has revealed, all that he does now reveal, 
and we believe that he will yet reveal many great and important things 
pertaining to the kingdom of God. 

10. We believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the restoration 
of the ten tribes. That Zion will be built upon this continent. That 
Christ will reign personally upon the earth, and that the earth will be 
renewed and receive its paradisic glory. 

11. We claim the privilege of worshipping Almighty God according to 
the dictates of our conscience, and allow all men the same privilege, let 
them worship how, where, or what they may. 

12. We believe in being subjects to kings, presidents, rulers, and magis- 
trates, in obeying, honoring and sustaining the law. 



103 

13- We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous, and 
in doing good to all men; indeed, we may say that we follow the admoni- 
tion of Paul. We believe all things, we hope all things, we have endured 
many things, and hope to be able to endure all things. If there is any- 
thing virtuous, lovely, or of good report or praiseworthy, we seek after 
these things. 

This foregoing constitution and by-laws represents, the precepts which 
are to be found in the New Testament and must have been copied there- 
from. If that be true, then why should they, or any other people, want a 
better system of precepts than those established by Christ in the sermon 
preached on the Mount to carry them from this world to the one beyond, 
for all men believe in the immortality as presented by Him? 

So far as I can learn, their true motive was to associate religion with 
politics in view of carrying the same into a form of government of their 
own, and at the same time seek protection from the government of the 
United States for their principle of combining religion with politics with- 
out interfering with their chief aspiration, which is to promote polygamy 
without restraint from the Government. This system increased so rap- 
idly that it became such a nuisance to the betterment of the common- 
wealths of the United States that the government had to pass a law to 
prohibit any further prospects of manufacturing plural wives under the 
pretense of it being a part of their religion and founded on the Scriptures, 
which by their interpretation, allows every man to worship according to 
his desire. 

To further show the inconsistency of any form of religious belief which 
does not possess the right principles and motives, and is not for the 
betterment of mankind, it must be founded on selfishness, for reason, as 
well as justice, tells a man that one wife is sufficient for him to maintain 
and be a help-mate to him, and any more would be injurious to the man 
both mentally and morally. Reason tells every man that he who desires 
more than one wife is not led by true religious conviction, but is led by 
the animal passion, and he who seeks to hide behind the pretense of 
Scriptural authority or religion in gratifying his desires for a plurality of 
wives is acting the part of a wolf in sheep's clothing to accomplish his 
purpose. 

The justice or injustice of the Mormons having a plurality of wives as 
a religious duty, and convincing a woman that it is her duty to marry a 
man who has other wives, and to consent to the same as her religious 
duty, can never be accomplished without being imbued with the same 
spirit of fanaticism that leads men to believe that their future depends on 
the performance of the injunction of God's word, which teaches them 
that which they desire to do by impressions. That is man's greatest power 
in advancing polygamy, the same as that which leads the heathen mother 
to cast her first born child into the river as food for the crocodiles and 
alligators to appease the wrath of the Almighty, and by so doing they 
may secure Eternal Life. It is much easier for the Mormon woman to 
solicit other women to marry her husband than it would be if she had 
married as true women should do, because of the love she had for him, 



104 

and not like the class of women who marry men solely for their wealth. 

In my short stay at Salt Lake City, I had the pleasure of attending a 
Mormon meeting conducted by women. It being the general custom of 
the feminine sex, I felt considerably out of place, but being accompanied 
by my wife, I felt much more comfortable than I otherwise would have. 
My first impression of the meeting was that of a funeral service, but not 
seeing any coffin, I soon learned that it was the custom for the women 
to hold these meetings and speak or preach about the blessings of the 
Mormon religion. 

The most prominent speaker was one of the widow^s of Brigham Young, 
She having had the advantage of practical experience, spoke on the line 
of devotion, and being true to the principles of the Mormon religion, 
spoke very entertainingly, and one could not help being interested in her 
efforts, for she was well fit to represent the Mormon faith. We did not 
hear the testimony of the thirty sister widows. They doubtless gave the 
same testimony in substance. I also made a short visit to the Taber- 
nacle, and while there I met one of the elders and learned more about 
the Mormon religion and the principle which the person was to be gov- 
erned by on becoming a Mormon, and what duties and restraints a per- 
son must be subject to, or what he must do in order to become a con- 
sistent Mormon. 

Through this short conversation I also learned that if a person pays 
his tithing money, he was considered a consistent Mormon, but as there 
had recently been a law passed by Congress prohibiting them to have a 
plurality of wives, he did not express himself very freely on that subject, 
but remarked that a person did not have to have more than one if he did 
not desire so. But I was impressed with the fact that it was a liberal 
religion, and catered to the carnal mind more perfectly than any other 
system of religion, in view of appealing to the passions of men. In short, 
it made me think of some signs which read, "If you don't see what you 
want, ask for it." 

On calling upon some of the business men, especially the grocerymen 
and druggists, and talking with them in regard to their respective busi- 
nesses, I noticed several men coming out of the back part of the store, and 
as they passed by me, my olfactory nerve being rather acute to certain 
odors, I applied the other sense, and soon learned that the principal drink 
was whiskey. Thinking that perhaps some Eastern man had started in the 
whiskey-drug business, I ventured to ask him if he was a Mormon. He 
readily informed me that he was, and remarked that he was proud to be 
one, and from his general conversation I was impressed that he thought 
so and that he rather liked me, and was desirous of having me become a 
Mormon. 

To show the sincerity of his faith, he began talking about the mission- 
aries that they were sending out to all parts of the United States, to con- 
vert people, stating they now had about 1200 in the various States. I 
must admit that I was somewhat surprised on learning how he could mix 
the missionary cause and the whiskey into one business. After giving it a 
little thought I saw that they were only patterning after the Christian 



105 

religion, as we were sending whiskey and missionaries all in one vessel to 
the heathen; but I am fully convinced that all religion which does not 
contain the principle of sacrifice and a separation from the carnal mind is, 
in a sense, held under the pretense of representing the principles of Christ 
and appears to me hypocritical in its fullest sense, because those who are 
the leaders in such religions claim to be inspired, when in reality it is 
only the inspiration of the almighty dollar, in view of establishing a tem- 
poral power of their own liking, like those who inspired the Southern 
States to secede because they wanted the power to establish a form of 
govrnment of their own. That this was their purpose was proven by their 
consistency and persistency in politics and their seeking to gain a seat in 
Congress and accomplish that for which they fought and failed. If it 
had not been for the earnest protest again Roberts and Smoot on the part 
of the women, these men might have accomplished their purpose. 

When we think of all the various claims and demands made for a cer- 
tain kind of religious worship in accordance with man's desire, we think 
of the darkey who was caught in the storm, and becoming anxious in re- 
gard to his safety, thought it best to offer a prayer, saying "Lord, if it 
pleases Thee, please give us a little more lightning and less thunder." 
Now we hear considerable thundering about what political parties ought 
to do, but it would please us more to have the evidence in its true light 
as a Christian nation. 

To assist the reader in seeing why the government does not act in the 
proper time to prevent them from growing to such an extent as compels 
the people to admonish men who are elected to office to do their duty, 
thereby avoiding the necessity of forming a new political party to do what 
they should have done, but for want of proper light, it may be policy on 
the part of these men to praise the administration, while the patient grows 
worse and worse, thinking the praise of wrong may cure the sick. To 
show how the Mormon Church has grown by the persistency of its advo- 
cates, I herewith insert a clipping from the "Christian Advocate." 



MORMONS AND MORMONISM. 

ORIGIN OF POLYGAMY AMONG THK MORMONS. 

In letter No. 3 it was shown that the Book of Mormon is absolutely and 
unqualifiedly against polygamy. 

A remarkable statement in Salt Lake Tabernacle, in 1862, by Elder W. 
W. Phelps, was that while Joseph Smith was translating the Book of 
Abraham, in Kirtland, O., in 1835, from the papyrus found with the Egyp- 
tian mummies, he became impressed with the idea that polygamy would 
yet become an institution of the Mormon Church. The Rocky Mountain 
Saints, page 182, says : "Brigham Young was present and was much 
annoyed by the statement made by Phelps; but it is highly probable that 
it was the real secret which the latter then divulged." 

When Smith began his career as a Prophet he prohibited polygamy by 
two revelations, one in 1831 : 



io6 



Thou shalt love thy wife with all thy heart, and shalt cleave 
unto her and none else ; and he that looketh upon a woman to 
lust after her shall deny the faith, and shall not have the spirit, 
and if he repents not he shall be cast out. * * * 

Wherefore it is lawful that he should have one wife, and they 
twain shall be one flesh, and all this that the earth might answer 
the end of its creation. 
Ezra Booth, the Methodist preacher who joined the Mormons and after- 
ward left them, said : "It has been made known to one who has left his 
wife in New York State, that he is entirely free from his wife, and he is 
at pleasure to take him a wife from among the Lamanites" (Indians). 

Throughout the country surrounding Kirtland it was reported that the 
Mormons were practicing cohabitation, and it was flatly denied. The 
Kirtland edition of the Book of Doctrine and Covenants contains this 
statement : "Inasmuch as this Church of Christ has been reproached with 
the crime of fornication and polygamy," etc. ; and there is a declaration 
of the Presidents of the Seventies, that they would withhold fellowship 
from any elder "who is guilty of polygamy," and that it is against truth 
to charge them [the Mormons] with polygamy. 

An instance of discipline is recorded by Smith himself. A certain man 
named Lyon was a presiding high priest. He wished to marry Mrs. Jack- 
son, whose husband was absent in the East. Lyon told her that he had a 
"revelation" ordering marriage, and that another "revelation" had assured 
him that her husband was dead. Supposing these statements to be true, 
she consented, but before the ceremony was performed Jackson appeared 
on the scene, and ascertaining the conduct of Lyon, had him put on trial ; 
he was deposed from his oflice, though still recognized as a member. 

However this may be, polygamy with the spiritual wife adjunct was in 
full practice at the time of which we are writing. 

Lorenzo Snow, who was a few years ago the First President and head 
of the Church, was the brother of the celebrated Eliza R. Snow. She 
wrote a biography of him. In that biography Mrs. Snow says : 

While my brother was absent on this (his first) mission to 
Europe (1840-43), changes had taken place with me, one of eternal 
import, of which I supposed him to be entirely ignorant. The 
Prophet Joseph had taught me the principle of plural or celestial 
marriage, and I was married to him for time and eternity. In 
consequence of the ignorance of most of the saints, as well as 
people of the world, on this subject, it was not mentioned, only 
privately between the few whose minds were enlightened on the 
subject. Not knowing how my brother (he returned on April 12, 
1843) would receive it, I did not feel at liberty,) and did not wish 
to assume the responsibility, of instructing him in the principle 
of plural marriage. * * * j informed my husband (the Proph- 
et) of the situation, and requested him to open the subject to my 
brother. A favorable opportunity soon presented, and, seated to- 
gether on the bank of the Mississippi River, they had a most in- 
teresting conversation. The Prophet afterward told me he founa 



107 

that my brother's mind had been previously enlightened on the 
subject in question. That Comforter which Jesus says shall "lead 
unto all truth" had penetrated his understanding, and, while in 
England, had given him an intimation of what at that time was lO 
many a secret. This was the result of living near the Lord. 
To see how Joseph Smith worked his way with the people we print 
another from the biography of Lorenzo Snow : 

It was at the private interview referred to above that the 
Prophet Joseph unbosomed his heart, and described the trying 
ordeal he experienced in overcoming the repugnance of his feel- 
ings, the natural result of the force of education and social cus- 
tom, relative to the introduction of plural marriage. He knew 
the voice of God — he knew the command of the Almighty to him 
was to go forward — to set the example and establish celestial 
plural marriage. * * * Yet the Prophet hesitated and deferred 
from time to time, until an angel of God stood by him with a 
drawn sword, and told him that, unless he moved forward and 
established plural marriage, his priesthood would be taken from 
him and he should be destroyed. The testimony he not only bore 
to my brother, but also to others. 

MRS. SNOW-SMITH A CHARACTER. 

"Sister E. R. Snow-Smith," in the Latter-Day Saints Millennial Star, 
published in England for Jan. 2, 1888, was eulogized as one of the noblest, 
best, and purest women that ever graced the earth. She was a Massachu- 
setts woman, and joined the Mormons in 1835. "In six months she be- 
came an inmate of the Prophet Joseph's household, boarding with hia 
family and teaching a select school for young ladies." The following 
reference to her marriage to Joseph the Seer is most valuable : 

Her intimate association with Joseph the Seer ripened into a 
holy consummation, and she, in the year 1843, became his wife, in 
accordance with the sacred ordinance of heaven, and the direct 
command of God to her husband. She thus became one of the 
first women of this dispensation to enter the sacred and divine 
order of plural marriage. 
Let the date be noted, and the phraseology studied. She became the 
greatest proselyter of women the Church ever had ; because she could 
corrupt their views and make them sympathize with polygamy she was 
spoken of by the Gentiles as a "female rooster." The Mormons make 
her out as a poet of the first order, and they publish in her obituary two 
specimens : 

"O my Father, thou that dwellest 
In the high and glorious place. 
When shall I regain thy presence, 

And again behold thy face! 
In thy holy habitation, 

Did my spirit once reside? 
In my first primeval childhood, 
Was I nurtured near thy side?" 



io8 

She also believed in the doctrine of the preexistence of the spirits, and 
the Mormon author in this obituary, which first appeared in the Deseret 
News, quotes this striking poetry : 

"In the heavens are parents single? 

No ! the thought makes reason stare ; 
Truth is reason ; truth eternal 
Tells me I've a mother there." 

HOW SMITH TRIED TO DECEIVE HIS WIFE EMMA. 

"A Revelation on the Patriarchal Order of Matrimony, or Plurality of 
Wives,! given to Joseph Smith, the Seer, in Nauvoo, July 12, 1843," can 
be found in Stenhouse's Rocky Mountain Saints. It was privately com- 
municated by Smith and others for their own purposes, but was not pub- 
lished to the world until 1852. It is too long to quote. Stenhouse and 
his wife were Mormons. He gave the best of his life — by tongue and pen, 
from the rostrum and by the press — to the teaching of the Mormon faith, 
and after great anguish of spirit and by slow degrees he renounced it, 
and has a spirit different from that of most of the great multitudes who 
ceased to be Mormons. This "revelation" is a set argument from the 
Old Testament. One passage cites Abraham and Sarah, and declares that 
Abraham was not under condemnation for taking Hagar, nor Isaac and 
Jacob, nor David, nor Solomon, for a similar co'urse. He then calls on 
Emma Smith, his wife, in these words : 

And let mine handmaid, Emma Smith, receive all those that 
have been given unto my servant Joseph.' * * * And I com- 
mand mine handmaid Emma Smith, to abide and to cleave unto 
my servant Joseph, and to none else. But if she will not abide 
this commandment,! she shall be destroyed. 
Then it gives rules for men who have married and desire to espouse 
another, and it declares that "if he have ten virgins given unto him by 
this law, he cannot commit adultery, for they belong to him, and they are 
given unto him, therefore is he justified;" but the law says that if 
any one of the ten virgins shall act improperly with respect to anyone 
except the one to whom they were given, she shall be destroyed. And it 
finally closes with this passage : 

25. And again, verily, verily I say unto you, if any man have 
a wife who holds the keys of this power, and he teaches unto her 
the law of my Priesthood, as pertaining to these things, then shall 
she believe, and administer unto him, or she shall be destroyed, 
saith the Lord your God; for I will destroy her; for I will mag- 
nify my name upon all those who receive and abide in my law. 
Therefore, it shall be lawful in me, if she receive not this law, 
for him to receive all things, whatsoever I, the Lord his God, will 
give unto him, because she did not administer unto him accord- 
ing to my word ; and she then becomes the transgressor ; and he is 
exempt from the law of Sarah, who administered unto Abraham 
according to the law, when I commanded Abraham to take Hagar 



109 

to wife. And now, as pertaining to this law, verily, verily I say 
unto you, I will reveal more unto you, hereafter ; therefore, let 
this suffice for the present. Behold, I am Alpha and Omega. 
Amen. 
Stenhouse emphatically declared that many false affidavits were given 
to the public in denunciation of Bennett and in defense of the Prophet, 
for exposing these things. Everything that could be thought of was done 
to mislead the public as to the veritable teachings promulgated concern- 
ing marriage ; and from the time of the outbreak with Bennett in 1S42, 
until the announcement of the "revelation" by Brigham Young, in Salt 
Lake City, in 1852, it was the duty of the Mormon missionaries to pre- 
varicate, and even positively to deny, when necessary, that the Mormon 
Church was other than monogamic. 

In the winter of 1843 and 1844 Smith got a man named Jacobs to write 
a pamphlet advocating polygamy. Hyrum Smith, the Patriarch, de- 
nounced it as from beneath, and the Prophet had to condemn it in the 
paper called the Wasp, which he was publishing. John D. Lee, who was 
always a polygamist and acted on principle and not on passion, as he 
says, declares that Smith dared not proclaim the "revelation" of July 12, 
1843. publicly, but taught it "confidentially," and appealed to followers to 
"surrender themselves to God," saying that it was necessary to their 
salvation to do so. 

lee's wives. 

Linn has made a list of the wives of Lee. His second wife was sealed 
to him in 1845; his third and fourth soon after; he lost number three, 
though she had borne him a son, because Brigham Young was bound to 
have her. Lee's fourth wife was a girl whom he had baptized in Ten- 
nessee. In the spring of the same year, 1845; two sisters of his first wife 
and their mother were sealed to him. When the Nauvoo Temple was 
finished he took three more wives ; in 1847 three more were sealed to 
him, two of them sisters, in one night. He secured the fourteenth soon 
after; the fifteenth in 1851 ; the sixteenth in 1856; the seventeenth in 
1858, who he says was "a dashing young bride ;" the eighteenth in 1859 ; 
and the nineteenth and last in Salt Lake City. Lee said he claimed only 
eighteen true wives. He married Mrs. Woolsey, the mother of his first 
wife and of wives five and six, "for her soul's sake," and she was nearly 
sixty years old. From these marriages Lee had sixty-four children, of 
whom fifty-four were living when Stenhouse's book was written. 

HYRUM smith's CHANGE OE BASE. 

I have stated that Hyrum Smith had opposed the doctrine, but by De- 
cember, 1843, he went to the house of Ebenezer Robinson and expounded 
the doctrine to them. When the "revelation" was presented and read in 
the High Council in Nauvoo, three men refused to accept it as from the 
Lord : William Marks, Cowles, and Councillor Soby. Cowles at once 



no 

resigned. Smith got up a scheme of keeping many things private, calling 
them "things spiritual, to be received only by the spiritually minded." He 
finally got to talking in this way: "Solomon first asked wisdom, and 
God gave it to him, with every desire of his heart, even things which 
might be considered abominable to all who understand the order of heaven 
only in part, but which in reality were right, because God gave and sanc- 
tioned them by special revelation." 

OTHER 1?ACTS. 

Jensen's Historical Record, a Mormon authority, gives the names of 
twenty-seven women, besides a few others about whom we have been 
unable to get all the necessary information, who were sealed to the Proph- 
et Joseph during the last three years of his life. Stenhouse, who made 
every effort to acquire information, says that when his book was written 
there were more than twelve women who rejoiced in having been wives 
of Joseph. 

Brigham Young, John Taylor, Wilford Woodruff, and Lorenzo Snow, 
all afterward Presidents of the Mormon Church, entered polygamy while 
they were yet denying that polygamy was either a teaching or a practice 
of that Church. The testimony of Mrs. Sarah Pratt, to whom I was in- 
troduced on an occasion to be described where the facts will be of more 
importance than in this letter, was of the opinion that Joseph Smith had 
more than eighty wives at the time of his death. She stated that he prob- 
ably had a larger number and had led astray others, and many of those 
with whom he had lived without their being sealed to him were sealed 
to him after his death, "to be among the number of his queens in another 
world." 

Decency forbids me to spread out the indubitable evidence which exists 
that Joseph Smith was more the slave of his animal passions and more 
reckless in his gratification of them than any other founder of a so-called 
religion authentically recorded in history. 

Joseph Smith and the most of his intimates in Nauvoo were incorrigible 
liars. This is the first time in these letters that I have used language of 
that kind. 

I will now furnish the proof on this subject of polygamy. May 20, 
1886, Lorenzo Snow and other leaders were in the Utah penitentiary, be- 
ing convicted under the Edmonds Anti-polygamy law. They were offered 
pardon on condition that they would give up the practice, but they would 
not. And the Deseret News, at the request of Joseph F. Smith, the 
present President, printed an affidavit that was made on Feb. 16, 1874, to 
show the world that "the martyred Prophet is responsible to God and the 
world for this doctrine." Clayton, a clerk in the Prophet's office in Nau- 
voo and Temple recorder, swore that he and the Prophet were taking a 
walk in February, 1843, and Smith then broached to him the subject of 
plural marriages. Clayton gave the names of a number of the wives whom 
Smith married at that time. He swore that his wife Emma "was cogni- 
zant of the fact of some, if not all, of these being his wives, and she gen- 



Ill 

erally treated them very kindly." Clayton also swore that on July 12, 
1843, Hyriim offered to read the "revelation" to Emma if the Prophet 
would write it out, saying, "I believe I can convince her of its truth, and 
you will hereafter have peace." The Prophet smiled, and said, "You do 
not know Emma as well as I do." Clayton wrote it down. I have al- 
ready shown how it was written to subjugate Emma. 

Hyrum went to Emma and read the "revelation." When he came back 
he said that "he had never received a more severe talking to in his life; 
that Emma was very bitter and full of resentment and anger." Joseph 
put the "revelation" in his pocket and said as before, "You don't know 
Emma as well as I do." The fact that polygamy was practiced began to 
operate very much against the Mormons, therefore in the Times and Sea- 
sons of February, 1844, a notice, signed by Joseph and Hyrum Smith, cut- 
ting off an elder named Brown for preaching "polygamy and other false 
and corrupt doctrines," was published. 

The Deseret News, the Mormon paper, of May 20, 1886, was compelled 
to notice this and other denials, and it deliberately justified the falsehoods, 
saying that Jesus enjoined His disciples on several occasions to keep to 
themselves principles that He made known to them ; that the Book of 
Doctrine and Covenants gave -the same instruction. 

Parley P. Pratt flatly denied, in 1846, in England, that any such doc- 
trine was known or practiced by the saints. John Taylor, who took part 
in the endowment work in 1844, in a- discussion in France in July, 1850, 
said,' "These things are too outrageous to admit of belief." August 28, 
1852, at which the first public announcement of the "revelation" was made, 
Brigham Young said : 

Though that doctrine has not been preached by the Elders, these 
people have believed in it for many years. The original copy of 
this "revelation" was burned up. William Clayton was the man 
who wrote it from the mouth of the Prophet. In the meantime 
it was in Bishop Whitney's possession. He wished the privilege 
to copy it, which Brother Joseph granted. Sister Emma burnt the 
original. J. M. B. 

REVELATIONS MADE TO FIT THE SITUATION. 

The career of the people in Missouri having been a total failure and a 
contradiction to his previous revelations to preserv*e his consistency. Smith 
put forth this revelation at Nauvoo Jan. 19, 1841 : 

Verily, verily I say unto you. That when I give a commandment 
to any of the sons of men, to do a work unto my name, and those 
sons of men go with all their might, and wnth all they have, to 
perform that work, and cease not their diligence, and their ene- 
mies come upon them, and hinder them from performing that 
work ; behold, it behooveth me to require that work no more at the 
hands of those sons of men, but to accept of their offerings. 
Galland had begun to profess Mormonism, and he is referred to in this 
revelation: 

Let my servant Isaac Galland put stock into that house, for I, 



the Lord, love him for the work he hath done, and will forgive all 
his sins ; therefore, let him be remembered for an interest in that 
house from generation to generation. 

Let my servant Isaac Galland be appointed among you, and be 
ordained by my servant William Marks, and be blessed of him, 
to go with my_ servant Hyrum, to accomplish the work that my 
servant Joseph shall point out to them, and they shall be greatly 
blessed. 
The name of the town was changed to Nauvoo in April, 1840. For a 
long time the people suffered from malaria. The Mormon accounts show- 
ed most extraordinary deaths, and at the same time claimed that Joseph 
healed the sick. 

RAPID GROWTH. 

In less than two years there were more than 8,000, and in 1844 there 
were 14,000, almost all professed Mormons. The first thing that was 
done was the laying out of the city of Na'uvoo in blocks, measuring about 
180 by 200 feet, with a river frontage of more than three miles. The city 
was to rise from the Mississippi. Meetings were held all through the 
Eastern States, and many members of the various denominations contrib- 
uted large sums for the support "of the freedom of religious opinion." 
The missionaries sent out were some of them very able. Many of the 
Mormons were close students of the Bible. In 1839 churches could be 
found in Philadelphia, Albany, Brooklyn, New York, Sing Sing, and in 
various parts of New Jersey. 

In the latter part of 1840 Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Parley 
P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, John Taylor, Wilford Woodruff, and George A. 
Smith were sent over to England. At least four of these men were of 
vast native ability. Orson Hyde was a missionary to the Jews in London 
— in fact, missionaries were sent out in all parts of the country. In 1840 
there were 33 churches, 534 members, 75 officers, all of whom had in four 
months espoused Mormonism. Visiting missionaries went to and fro 
throughout England, beginning by insinuating that the Bible was not prop- 
erly translated. They had a queer scheme for proving themselves proph- 
ets. When they immersed a candidate a letter was given some of the 
brethren signed by Orson Hyde and Heber Kimball, setting forth that 

"Brother • — will not abide in the spirit of the Lord, but will reject 

the truth and become the enemy of the people of God," etc. "If the 
brother did not apostatize, the letter remained unopened; if he did, it was 
read as a striking verification of prophecy." In three years after the ar- 
rival of the first missionaries there were 4,019 members in England alone, 
and many in Wales. J. M. B. 

THIEVING MORMONS. 

This was greatly increased by thieving by some of the Mormon inhabit- 
ants of Nauvoo. There were many people who were not Mormons at that 
time in the vicinity who zvould steal, and there were many Mormons who 
would not steal. But it became understood that it was practically useless 



113 

for a non-jNlormon to attempt the recovery of stolen property in Nauvoo. 
In the Plistory of McDonough County, S. J. Clarke gives the case of a 
resident of that county who traced a stolen horse into Nauvoo. He took 
with him sixty witnesses to identify the animal before a Mormon justice. 
He was, however, confronted with seventy witnesses, who swore that the 
horse belonged to some Mormon, and the justice decided that "the weight 
of the evidence numerically calculated was against the non-Mormon." A 
custom known as "whittling" prevailed there then. It is fully described in 
Lee's Mormonism Unveiled : 

When a non-Mormon came into the city and by his questions let 
it be known that he was looking for something stolen, he would 
soon find himself approached by a Mormon, who carried a long 
knife and a stick, and who would follow him, silently whittling. 
Soon a companion would join this whittler, and then another, and 
another, until the stranger would find himself fairly surrounded by 
these armed but silent observers. Unless he was a man of more 
than ordinary grit, an hour or more of this companionship would 
convince him that it would be well for him to start for home. 

J. M. B. 
On Oct. 26 Governor Boggs directed John B. Clark to raise four hun- 
dred mounted men for the protection of the citizens. In his letter to 
Clark, Governor Boggs said, "The Mormons must be treated as enemies 
and m'ust be extermmated or driven from the State, if necessary for the 
public peace," etc. Linn, who is not sparing of condemnation of the Mor- 
mons, says justly that the language of Governor Bogg's letter to General 
Clark cannot be defended. "A man of judicial judgment would have se- 
lected other words, no matter how necessary he deemed it for political 
reasons to show his sympathy with the popular cause." J. M. B. 

CATHOUC CHURCH HAS LOST 30,000,000 COMMUNICANTS. 

Mr. Crowley quotes Bishop McFaul, of Trenton, N. J., as saying in an 
address before the Federation of Catholic Societies : "If all the descend- 
ants of our Catholic forefathers had remained true to their faith there 
would be more than 40,000,000 Catholics in the United States to-day, in- 
stead of 15,000,000. 

The actual number of communicants given in the Catholic directory for 
1904 is about 12,000,000. "The parochial school," says Mr. Crowley, "has 
been a most potent factor in causing the loss of 30,000,000 of communi- 
cants which the Catholic Church has sustained in America. The parochial 
school has bred, and is breeding, apostasy. No other result could happen 
in this land. The Catholic people who leave the church do not join other 
sects — they swell the ranks of the atheists." 

"Present conditions in the American hierarchy are similar to those which 
prevailed at the opening of the sixteenth century. Priestly rottenness be- 
gat then a schism in church polity and dogma; priestly rottenness is now 
producing a schism on one side of which stands the Church and on the 
other atheism." — Northwestern Christian Advocate. 
8 



Why Religion is Not Equal to It^s Demands. |: 



It is because there is a demand for sacrifices, which the people are not 
willing to make in order to maintain the principles which are necessary 
in the profession of such a faith. Great influence is brought to bear on 
those who have charge of making the church laws, to change the disci- 
pline to meet the demands of a certain class, and if they do not make the 
change, the desire and spirit of those who are seeking is not changed. 
There are also many who advocate the principle because some of the laws 
are broken through disobedience. Because of this, there is a class that 
wants the laws repealed. Knowing that the laws are founded on the 
principles of the Christian religion, they try to accede to some because 
of political benefits derived. As a result of the conditions produced by 
politics, the Protestant religion is acceding to the carnal mind because 
other denominations are doing so. The demand is continually growing 
for a more liberal presentation of the religious truth, and the great influx 
of the different nationalities, who combine their religious views with 
Socialistic views and the great opportunity to gratify them in various 
ways. Influences are brought to bear on the Christian religion and her 
laws regarding religious instruction, especially the Sabbath. When the 
law-makers and law-breakers agree that you have no law worthy of the 
name, or that you have no religion worthy of notice, because you have 
broken the fundamental principles of religion, you cannot make two 
standards any more than you can make a "two-yard stick" for measure- 
ment purposes. 

There cannot consistently be two, one for Sunday and one for the 
other six days. The one by which you measure your contents should be 
used every day in the year, for a man can do an act in one day (that he 
cannot recall through a lifetime) against a brother in the church either 
by jealousy, impatience, or lack of charity, and the absence of this quality 
will render the church inefficient to meet the demands or accomplish any 
reform that many desire to see wrought. 

Religion is professional faith, but is different from any other profes- 
sional faith because it is based on the belief that our future existence in 
a divine way depends upon it. While this is universally known, yet there 
are so many conflicting standards that some people never make an at- 
tempt to become a professor of any religious faith, but abide in unbelief. 
Because of this, men are exposed to the various criticisms of other men, 
for it is as natural for every person to have a theory as it is for him to 
maintain his own identity; therefore, a man's standard of religion will 

114 



115 

largely be that of his own intuitions, and will largely be the outgrowth 
of his environments. You will always find that a nation's religion is the 
governing power of its people and so far will the people be governed, as its 
principles are practised, in accordance to the extent. If the government 
does not live up to the principles it professes, then it is hypocritical. The 
same applies to the individual, as nations are made up of individuals. 

Notwithstanding this, there are but few who do not believe in a future 
existence. The same may be accounted for by an inbred desire to live 
not only in this world but hereafter. Whether this inherent desire comes 
through man's nature or whether through the promptings of divine origin, 
we will let the reader determine for himself, as it is natural for all men 
to try and build up their faith to meet the requirements. There cannot be 
any foundation to establish faith, because it must be in accordance with 
certain principles enunciated ; hence, it is very easy for one to be religious 
to-day and irreligious to-morrow ; and the declaration of some temporal 
order must be maintained or both will come to naught. In order to main- 
tain the principles of the Christian religion, each individual, professing 
the faith, should be consistent. Herein is the secret of maintainance. It 
is the acts of the individuals ; they being governed by the principles of 
Him who commanded his disciples to "Do not unto others as you would 
not have them do unto you." This word we must do in deed in our daily 
life if we would maintain the faith and carry the principle into effect. If 
all who profess conversion did that, there would be little call for courts 
and church trials, but because of their failure to comply with the prin- 
ciples of the "Golden Rule" and to practise it in all lines, we are in a 
deplorable condition. "Whosoever takes upon himself a profession of 
the Protestant religious faith should at once begin to practise it in every 
act, to the best of his ability. He should also act in accordance with the 
dictation of his conscience." 

By this he would soon become strong in his faith, because what was 
done by him and others would be directed by the highest motive and 
there would be no need of having two kinds of standards, in justification 
and sanctification, and the kind of religion that was good enough for 
Isaac and Jacob would be good enough for the present day and this gen- 
eration ; and we should be made to enforce them, because of the wonder- 
ful effects on the people, but some, because of their constitutional make- 
up, in their endeavor to lead an exemplary Christian life, become so en- 
thusiastic in proclaiming what religion has done and is doing for them, 
while living in accordance with the religious principles, that they become 
mistaken in regard to what religion will do, and call it sanctification, or a 
second blessing, or a distinct and instantaneous blessing, whereas, in 
reality, it is only more of the same kind that they received when they were 
justified, for that was instantaneous and comes when the mind is in the 
proper condition to receive it, and said, "Not my will, but Thine be done !" 

By this act of making a sacrifice of the carnal mind, the mind and 
your whole physical being was brought into harmony and action, and your 
whole life became a magnet, magnetized by the spirit of Him to whom 
you surrendered, and you began to give others the same power you re- 



ii6 

ceived by the ingrafting of the Holy Spirit, who leads every one with 
all the truth when he becomes a fit subject to receive it, and when he is 
willing to accept the requirements he will make a sacrifice of his will and 
comply with God's law. Many have become so allured by this as to be- 
lieve that the carnal mind is taken away and they have no desire to com- 
mit any sin ; but if this state of perfection and condition had been reached 
by those who profess sanctification, they would never have committed 
any sin, for no one is liable to do anything that they have no desire to do. 
Nevertheless, we have evidence that those who have made the high pro- 
fession of sanctification have become very worldly and wicked, and act 
just the same as those who profess justification. I cannot see that there 
is any distinction between the two professions, only in the literal defini- 
tions ; then, if this be true in either case, men are relieved of the guilts of 
their past sins, and are the same as Adam before he sinned. According 
to this principle, all persons who have been pardoned will remain guilt- 
less until they commit some other sin. There are many causes for this. 
Diversity of opinion is often the result of man's constitution not be-ng 
well born, or not having received the proper amount of knowledge and 
training that leads to a practical Christian life ; or, it may be that he de- 
sires to possess more of a good thing than his constitution is capable of 
Tiolding, as is very often the case with men physically, commercially,, and 
^desire to claim a specialty by their teaching, or a person may become over- 
jzealoLis, while others are not zealous enough. In either case it may be 
their individual disposition, their environments, which led them to be in 
the condition which they are in spiritually. 

It ought not be such a difficult task, as many may suppose it to be, to 
control the world by the teachings of Christ. When people learn the im- 
portance of making the environments on the earth suitable for the jrowth 
of the desire of man, which is paramount, they will remove the things, 
such as tobacco and liquor, that will cause him to be wicked. Ceitnirtly 
by the abolishment of these great evils the world would be much, more 
desirable to live in. 

When we realize that there cannot be any real conviction without the 
presence of the Divine, the whole religious world will seek Him and ad- 
vance in accordance to His ministery and man's consistency, as given in 
the law to the masses and fulfilled in Jesus. In this we shall find the 
only system of religion that will stand the test of your present environ- 
ments There must be more practical education on moral lines in ihe 
home, school and in the church. Morality is the first principle of Chris- 
tianity, and it is impossible for the Christian religion to exist without 
laying the foundation stones in morals. By this principle man will gradu- 
ally develop along the spiritual lines, and it will be a great factor with 
those who pride themselves on their morality as being as good as those 
who profess to believe in the Christian religion. By such examples in 
morals we will gradually be drawn to a higher development of Christian 
graces, the same as a man who is justified by faith and his sins forgiven. 
He will then endeavor to secure for himself the greater reward which is 
promised by complying with the principles of the Christian teachings, and 



117 

when this takes place the human race will develop as God intended it, 
and not by man securing for himself some special blessing and declaring 
it to be sanctification. when apparently, by his actions, it is the same kind 
of blessing given when he was justified, although he may claim that 
others who have been justified will come short of receiving the divine 
favor because they do not profess sanctification. Because of these declara- 
tions many who cannot see the practical side of instantaneous and distinct 
second blessings become a stumbling block and do not help in the ad- 
vancement of a more practical Christian experience. I do not mean to 
say that no one can possess more of the spiritual nature or receive a 
greater blessing, but I do mean to say that no man can ever reach a state 
where he cannot receive any more ; for, in nature, a little money awakens 
a desire for more, and a small amount is as pure as the large amount, 
when the person becomes wholly or fully sanctified there are no blessings 
to be obtained, and there is no chance of any further development in the 
spiritual line when they assume the perfection of Christ. 

When a person makes this high profession he establishes himself as a 
mark, and if he should fail to measure up to the requirements of the same, 
the injurious effect is produced on those who never profess or make any 
pretentions of sanctification. The worldly man is also affected, as he 
reasons that if the persons possessing such religious graces could not 
hold true to them, there is no use for him to make the attempt. The suc- 
cess of those who accomplish some great acts is sure to bring them into 
prominence and admiration. The same is true in Christian achievement. 
Those who make the loudest professions are sure to be sought after, and 
always will be, because there is a reward that comes to such. 

The success of Christian Science lies in their ability to make the person 
believe in certain principles, that they may be cured. If a Christian 
church can make a sin-sick soul believe that there is a cure, and that they 
can stay cured, it is just what the masses of people want. The w^hole 
world is eager to have such a religion, because the whole human race is 
looking for happiness. If you can convince the masses that those who 
profess to lead Christian lives are in possession of more real happiness 
because of the life they live, it will have more effect on the world than a 
thousand sermons, because men are looking for present happiness, and if . 
he believes that there is greater happiness aw^aiting him in the future, he 
will conduct his life in view of obtaining or securing that good, for "As 
5'Ou believe, so will 3-ou act ;" because man is a spiritual being, as all 
tribes and nations worship a supreme being. Because of this predominat- 
ing spiritual nature we see that man is not wicked by nature, as many 
suppose. If he were he w^ould be prompted to do evil and injure the peo- 
ple more strongly before he made any profession of religion than other 
men who make no profession of religion at all. We often find men who 
make pretentions of helping their fellow-men in a financial way, even to 
their own disadvantage, and administer to them in sickness, without any 
expectation of remuneration. It is because of those attributes which be- 
long to man. 

What a power the Christian nation could be, mav be seen from the fol- 



ii8 

lowing clipping. The number of church communicants of various denom- 
inations had not been announced by the census bureau when this volume 
went to the press. The "Worlds Almanac" for 1890 estimated the number 
of Protestant church communicants to be about 13,000,000, and the number 
of Catholic communicants to be about 8,000,000. The latter include all 
persons within the families of Catholic parents, whereas, the number of 
Protestants includes only actual communicants, who, of their own volition, 
had united with the different denominations. In the total population in 
1880, just 25 per cent, were males over 21 years of age. The per cent, of 
males over 21 years of age in the membership of churchs is not as large 
as in the whole population, probably. If it were 20 per cent., the number 
of Protestant voters would be about 2,600,000, and the number of Catholic 
voters 1,000,000. Probably 4,000,000 in all would not be placing it too 
high. 

I. Jews 7,931,080 



Christians 380,000,000 

Mohammedans 200,000,000 

Brahmans 177,000,000 

Buddists, etc 450,000,000 



The total of these, according to statistical writers, is the present religious 
population of the globe. As illustrative of the sects into which the Pro- 
testant Church is divided it can be stated that in Great Britain there are 
no less than 146 religious denominations. The following table, drawn up 
from reliable data, shows the numerical strength of the principal churches 
and divisions of the Protestant part of Christendom with which they are 
principally connected : 

DENOMINATIONS. NUMBER. 

Anglicans 7,500,000 

Baptists 3,608,458 

Congregationalists 896,742 

Disciples of Christ 645,771 

Friends 204,000 

Lutherans 1,037,970 

Methodists 6,271,704 

Moravians 43,754 

Presbyterians 2,578,707 

Swedenborgians 12,000 

Unitarians 183,000 

United Brethern 154,796 

Universalists 656,000 

In America the Congregational Church was organized in 1620; the Bap- 
tist Church was organized in 1632; the Presbyterian Church was organ- 
ized in 1706; the M. E. Church was organized in 1784; the Roman Cath- 
olic Church was introduced in 1633; the Universalist Church was organ- 
ized in 1785; the First Free Will Baptist Church was organized in 1780. 



119 

According to Hubner's "Statistical Tales of All the Countries of the 
Earth," there are in the German empire 25,600,000 evangelical Christians, 
14,900,000 Roman Catholics, 28,000 orthodox Greek Christians, 512,000 
Jews, 6,000 of all other denominations, or of none ; in Austro-Hungary 
there are 29,900,000 Roman Catholics, 3,600,000 evangelical Christians, 
7.220,000 Greek and other Christians, 1,375,000 Jews, 5,000 Mohammedans 
and others ; in France there are 36,390,000 Roman Catholics, 600,000 evan- 
gelical Christians, 118,000 Jews, 24,000 Mohammedans and others; in 
Great Britain and Ireland there are 26,000,000 Protestants of various de- 
nominations, 5,600,000 Roman Catholics, 26,000 Greeks, etc., 46,000 Jews, 
6,000 Mohammedans and others ; in Italy there are 26,660,000 Roman 
Catholics, 96.000 evangelical Christians, 100,000 Greeks, etc., 36,000 Jews, 
25 Mohammedans and others ; in Spain there are 16,500,000 Roman Cath- 
olics, and 180.000 adherents of other denominations ; in European Russia 
there are 56,100,000 orthodox Greek Christians, etc., 2,680,000 evangelical 
Christians, 7,500,000 Roman Catholics, 2,700,000 Jews, and 2,600,000 Mo- 
hammedans and others ; in Belgium there are 4,920,000 Roman Catholics, 
13,000 Reformed Church, 2,000 Jews, and 3,000 belonging to other de- 
nominations; in the Netherlands there are 2,001,000 members of the Re- 
formed Church, 1,235,000 Roman Catholics, 64,000 Jews, and 4,000 of 
other denominations; in Sweden and Norway 4,162,000 members of the 
Evangelical Church, 4,000 Creeks and other Christians, and 2,000 Jews; 
the number of Catholics is not officially given, it is estimated at less than 
1,000. The reader is referred to the separate articles on the various great 
religious and sects of the world for more detailed statistics. 

Suppose the 4,000,000 voters who are members of same church should be 
abstainers from tobacco and intoxicating liquor, what an influence it 
would have on those who do not belong to any church, as the physical 
effect on those who use it is much greater than anyone would suppose. 
The low, degrading effect which it has is wonderful, and it is in keeping 
with the inexhorable law of cause and effect for "Anything that defileth 
the body, defileth the mind." The chapter on "The Physical Effects of 
Alcohol and Tobacco" will show what the union of these evils in a social 
way will do. The mind of man is not trained in the proper way to lead 
him to desire any attainment in a spiritual way. For this reason there 
cannot be any system of faith equal to the demands, and to make it equal 
to the requirements there must be legislation and the enforcement of law, 
for the whole human race is robbed by our present environments of the 
Garden of Eden, and every man finds an excuse by l,)laming some one else, 
like a certain class leader who had become so annoyed by the excuses 
offered by his members (who said that they had been tempted so much by 
the evil one^, that he kindly advised them not to lay any more blame on 
the devil than he was guilty of, as he was guilty of enough ; therefore, if 
we could find some system that would remove all the Gardens of Eden 
in which the desire for "applejack" instead of apples was created, and 
remove all the saloons and tobacco stores from this world, it would be- 
come more like a Paradise of God to all men. 






The Saloon PeriL 



[Copied from the New Jersey Methodist. By Bishop Warren.] 

We call attention to Bishop Warren's article taken from the Epworth 
Herald, on the Saloon Peril. We endorse every word of this indictment 
of this awful body and soul destroying monster. 

We believe in the Anti-Saloon Society as he recommends, and believe 
New Jersey is ripe for a great combined effort along new political lines 
but until there can be a united efifort, this society will be as weak as any 
other. "In Union there is Strength." It is worse than useless to have a 
new society unless it unite the temperance forces. If the W. C, T. U., the 
Law and Order League and the different smaller temperance societies will 
get together, something can be done. Let these societies join in a crusade 
of Local Option under the head of the Anti-Saloon League for a law en- 
forcement under the leadership of the Law and Order League. 

Let the Women's Christian Temperance Union run the literary and 
pledge signing department and something can be accomplished. What can 
the Anti-Saloon League accomplish with only a handful of followers? 
They are not in the way of success until they unite the temperance forces 
in New Jersey. This has been done in other States with marked success. 
Why not in New Jersey? 

Out at , a few miles toward the mountains, there is no service 

in the churches to-day. There will be no sessions of its schools to-mor- 
row. There are a few cases of diphtheria in the little town, and the au- 
thorities are putting these restrictions on personal liberty to prevent its 
spread. 

Soon after the war the yellow fever broke out in New Orleans. The 
whole country was interested in stopping its ravages. From various parts 
of the nation supplies of all kinds, doctors, and nurses flowed in for help. 

So in Havana after the war with Spain. It was a pesthouse. We made 
it a he-alth resort. It cost some valuable lives — like Colonel Waring's of 
New York — and much money, but it had to be done. 

So we found Manila ravaged by the rinderpest, cholera, and bubonic 
plague. But its gutters were cleaned, its sewers constructed, disenfectants 
poured abroad by carloads, and now the city is as healthy in that respect 
as Denver. 

So we have battled with the smallpox. A prominent physician in Bos- 
ton once told me there had not been a case there in ten years, and the 
younger doctors would not know a case if they saw one. The disease is 

120 



as common as mnmps or measles in unvaccinated countries. I see that the 
United States has begun a campaign for vaccinating 8,000,000 in the Phil- 
ippines. They sweep through a whole town at a time, despite all opposi- 
tion. 

But a far greater evil than any of these — perhaps than all — afflicts this 
fair land of ours. I refer to the drink habit. First, it worse than wastes 
every year $1,172,563,232, very largely the money of poor, hard-working 
men. Others equally reliable hold that it amounts to $1,500,000,000 per 
year. It is approximately 7-12 beer, 4-12 whiskey, etc., 1-12 wine. So you 
see it is largely the poor man's waste. 

But this waste of money is not the heinous item in the indictment against 
intoxicants. It frightfully depreciates the drinkers. The verdict of sci- 
ence and experience is that every drinker of intoxicants is a deteriorated 
being. When men of highest possible physical efficiency are wanted for 
the rigors of the North Pole, not a drop is allowed ; for tropic heats not a 
drop, or for the athletic field not a drop. Its discount is all the way from 
ten per cent, to a hundred, which is zero. 

But this is not the most heinous count in this awful indictment against 
drink. January i, 1890, there were 82,329 prisoners for crime in the 
United States, and it cost $24,987,00 a year to maintain them. Experts 
charge from two-thirds to nine-tenths of the crime of the land to the drink. 
The incendiary's torch is lighted, the murderer's bludgeon swung, the as- 
sassin's knife whetted by the accursed drink. The Massachusetts com- 
missioner put on record his judgment that ninety-six per cent of adult 
criminals, seventy-five per cent, of adult paupers, and fifty-one per cent, 
of the insane are made so by drink. 

Another heinous count in the indictment is this. It is one of those sins 
that curses the father and the children to the third and fourth generations. 
It has a frightful power in heredity. There was a man in Brooklyn — I 
could take you to his house when I lived there — he was prominent in busi- 
ness, in the social and church life of the city, hardly anyone more so. 
But his father had been a drunkard. All this man's brothers and sisters 
died of the inherited curse. His deterioration took the form of an obsti- 
nate dyspepsia. He was in misery for a lifetime. A total abstainer him- 
self, his children suffered for the sins of their grandfather. His daughter, 
a frail girl, died at nineteen of consumption ; one son died of delirium 
tremens ; one shot himself when he saw the delirium tremens coming, and 
one fled to a part of the country where it was impossible to get drink. 
Seems this law of retribution to the third and fourth generations severe? 
The law of beneficence is written in the same sentence, "keeping loving 
kindness unto a thousand generations of them that love me and keep my 
commandments." The law of sin exhausts itself in three or four genera- 
tions ; the law of blessing flows on for a thousand generations. Well might 
Mr. Lincoln say : "This legalized liquor traffic is carried on in the saloons 
and grog shops is the great tragedy of civilization. The saloon has proved 
itself to be the greatest foe, the most blighting curse, that ever found a 
home in our modern civilization. After reconstruction, the next great 
work before us is the prohibition of the liquor traffic in all the States and 



122 

'Territories." What would be the effect, In the closing days of 1900 a 
man named Pearson was elected sheriff of Portland, Me. There were 300 
saloons. The first day he seized sixty-one, and in a week closed every 
bar in the city. In six months business among retail merchants had in- 
creased sixty per cent, and he turned back forty per cent, of the pauper 
fund as not needed. 

How shall it be done? What has been done — not to go back beyond 
our day? The Washingtonian movement pledged a half million abstain- 
ers in three years after 1840. The Sons of Temperance were organized 
in 1842. The Templars in 1845; the Good Templars in 1851. Father 
-Matthew had a whirlwind reception in 1850. The Maine law was enacted 
in 185 1. Getting rid of the great curse of slavery absorbed our attention 
in the fifties and sixties. The Women's Christian Temperance Union was 
organized in 1874, and the Catholics were roused to new interest about the 
same time. But in spite of all these efforts, the consumption of alcoholic 
drink per capita has steadily increased, with slight drops in years of hard 
times, till now we are consuming almost double the number of gallons per 
capita that we were in 1880. 

Why is all this clear intelligence, this Christian and social influence, 
force of prohibitory law so ineffectual? First, because an army of 210,060, 
including 3,023 women as bartenders get employment, profit and wealth 
from the business. They get so much wealth that they can pay licenses 
and fines, they can hire attorneys, bribe legislatures, bully electors, and 
defy public opinion. They are conscienceless. They do not mind that 
they throw on the non-drinkers the awful burden of sustaining wrecks 
of humanity that they make. Some protest against our army of 55,500 
men keeping order in the M'orld. But there is an army of 100,000 insane 
and idiots, at least half of whom are thrust upon us by this sale of in- 
toxicating drink. They do not mind that they send 60,000 — seven every 
•day and night to drunkards' graves ; that they fill asylums with driveling 
idiots, and numberless homes with unmitigable sorrow. They deliberately 
set themselves to do this. 

First, do not despair of victory. When the corner-stone of Bunker Hill 
monument was about to be laid, the great crowd pressed upon the plat- 
form to its great danger of overthrow. The president of the occasion 
iDcgged the crowd to stand back, but he made no impression upon them. 
He asked Daniel Webster, the orator of the occasion, to speak to the peo- 
ple. He did so, but they answered him, "We cannot, it is impossible, Mr. 
Webster." "Impossible !" cried Mr. Webster, "nothing is impossible on 
Bunker Hill ; back with you !" And back they went. So, in view of the 
good sense, ability to know clearly and to do sublimely, I say nothing is 
impossible to Americans. Well, what shall we do? First welcome every 
influence in the field. We need them all, home influence, Sunday school, 
public school, personal pledge, church work, newspapers, Women's Chris- 
tian Temperance Union, platform addresses. Prohibition party, Anti- 
Saloon League. O, for a thousand regiments to fight this all prevailing 
•curse ! They would be none too many. 

Tliere are many notes of cheer in our song. Many a watchman on the 



123 

height says the day cometh. First, two and one-half million Sunday school 
teachers teach temperance to 26,000,000 pupils once every quarter, and 
especially on the World's Temperance Sunday in November; second, 
there is much less wine and liquor-drinking at hotel tables and in the 
homes of the rich ; third, seventy-five per cent, of the employers of skilled 
labor and fifty per cent, of the employers of unskilled labor require total 
abstinence on the part of their employes. There is reason for it. A 
watchman in a glass factory got niuddled one night, and in the morning it 
was found that $12,000 worth of glass was spoiled. One hundred and 
sixty thousand miles of railroads of the 200,000 in the country, employing 
1,000,000 men, prohibit the use of intoxicants by employes. It is well. A 
fuddled brain in a minute may sacrifice twenty lives and a quarter of a 
million in property. Life insurance companies are recognizing that even 
the moderate use of liquor shortens life. A tabulation of 124,673 cases by 
a great English company gives a shortening of forty-three per cent, of the 
expectation of life between the ages of twenty and seventy. The expert 
accountants of the greatest company in Australia make it even more than 
this. The conclusions of science are all unanimous that the use of alco- 
holic liquors is evil, only evil, and that continually. 

After a hundred experiments, none of them in vain, the agency for 
which I plead to-day is called the Anti-Saloon League. What is that? 
First, it is not a political party. It is not a third, fourth, or tenth party. 
If it were, every other party in the field would jump on it with both feet. 
Yet it has to do with the political proceedings. Let me illustrate. I lived 
six years in Philadelphia. Slow as that city was reputed to be, it was 
rapid enough to have undertaken all styles of political corruption. It was 
impossible to vote for good men by either ticket, for they were not nomi- 
nated. Then a committee of one hundred reputable citizens organized it- 
self, and the first year they found one good,' honest, true man in all the 
nominations. They publicly endorsed him in the papers over their signa- 
tures. He was electe'd by an amazing majority. Then next year both par- 
ties sought to put up men that could secure such endorsement. They en- 
dorsed half a dozen regardless of party. All were elected. Soon the 
committee made the mistake of nominating a whole ticket. Then all the 
parties united to defeat it. So the Anti-Saloon League endorses men for 
municipal affairs who will be true on the anti-saloon question, regardless 
of their party affiliations. In this way all parties unite to redeem a town 
or precinct. This is as it should be. All possible forces are none too 
strong. 

But especially its work is to create, unite, and utilize all the anti-saloon 
sentiment in a city or State, for immediate work. First to create. In 
Ohio in one year it printed and distributed 23,000,000 pages of temper- 
cince literature, six pages for every man, woman and child in the State. 
It held 14,000 week-night mass-meetings. It opened 8,000 churches for 
such discusions as this. It secured the passage of the best local option 
law yet enacted. It has banished the saloon from three counties, four 



124 

cities, and 850 townships. One can easily see that all this requires our 
contributions. 

It is so generally successful that thirty-nine States and Territories have 
adopted its methods, and 400 persons are employed in this "business meth- 
od of reform." It represents not merely voting right on occasions, but 
eternal vigilance and ceaseless activity. 

Nearly every State and city has laws that limit the times, places and 
persons to whom liquor may be sold. The Anti-Saloon League seeks to 
enforce all such laws. It is a good habit to acquire. Kill the one rattle- 
snake in the yard where your children play, even if you cannot find the 
whole nest back in the hills. 

Denver, Colo. 



Believing this to be a true sentiment which is an echo of the deep interest 
in the work on the line of temperance and prohibition, I am inclined to 
think that the indorsement of the anti-saloon movement would not be his 
way of destroying the saloon ; but having become somewhat anxious and 
over-zealous to accomplish something for the betterment of mankind, they 
the willing to work and make sacrifice, and by so doing show the public 
that they have the true Christian spirit. If you would give the subject a 
moment's consideration you will see that by indorsing it you are doing the 
very thing that the Republican party has always wanted the Prohibition- 
ists to do, that is, to make a sacrifice of their principles and come over 
and help them, and they will do something for you. This persuasion has 
been constantly going on, until the Prohibition party leaders have reached 
such a condition that they are willing to say : "Anything, Lord, so that it 
has something like temperance in it." Because of this fact many of its 
strong advocates and lecturers have been positively starved out for the 
want of financial support, and when it comes to a case of bread and but- 
ter, that is there it tries men's principles, and all we can do is to act the 
Christian spirit and exercise charity in trying to do something. I feel 
confident that if it had not been for the strong appeal and influence on 
the part of those identified with the Republican party for the Prohibition- 
ists to help us out this time, there would have been a President at the 
White House who would have represented the principles of the Prohibi- 
tion party ; but because of the failure on the part of those who had at once 
voted the Prohibition ticket to hold true to their convictions and register 
same each year at the ballot-box, it has caused the growth of the anti- 
saloon. The growth of this is as natural as it would be for vegetation to 
grow where there is decomposed substance, because underneath the sur- 
face is the source of life giving power, and that is money; and according 
to Holy writ, the love of money is the root of all evil, and this insiduous 
evil, the liquor traffic in politics, comes in so many different forms that 
thousands are selling out their principles and really don't know it, and 
because of this have become companions of those who once contended that 
anything other than the Prohibition party was morally wrong, and now 



125 

are crying, "Anything, Lord," and in trying to regulate the evil by the 
license party are producing a rum skeleton in every family. 

If he would read the paragraph on "Politics and Religion," he might 
see himself in a true light, and be more inclined to practice the sermon 
preached on the Mount, "Let your light so shine that others may see your 
good works and glorify your Father which is in Heaven." I have no 
doubt of the sincerity of Bishop Warren in supporting the Anti-Saloon 
League; but without diagnosing the case to the fullest extent and having 
never identified himself with the Prohibition party, he assumes that the 
party is a failure, without beginning in a practical way to know the cause 
of its failure, as he so expressed in his discourse when he referred to what 
Sheriff Pierson had done in Portland, Me. I can only compare him to a 
captain of a ship who had secured a mate and had never learned the sci- 
ence of navigation, and was not willing to sacrifice the time to learn. 

Because of his inexperience he has not learned that the liquor traffic 
cannot be controlled to any degree of success by a party whose principles 
are not committed to the thing he is trying to destroy through the Anti- 
Saloon League, and his want of practical knowledge of how to accomplish 
this is proven by comparing the human race in regard to its appetites and 
customs to sewers and gutters of Manila and other like places. If the 
abolishment of a nuisance is good in one case, why not in another? Per- 
haps the reason it was not done is that they did not begin to license the 
impurities and did not get into politics. That was an act on the part of 
the government where it had power to do without consulting the Czar of 
the Liquor Traffic. For this reason it shows there is no possibility of 
accomplishing what the Christian Church desires by the Anti-Saloon 
League. 

I ask the reader to reconsider this problem, as the writer believes it to 
be like a good cow which represents the world, that gives us many good 
things, but the people abuse them,' and the condition in politics is the 
same as if the Republican party had the cow by one horn, the Democrats 
by the other, the Prohibitionists by the tail, and the liquor traffic is milk- 
ing two teats, and the Anti-Saloon League is trying to steal the milk from 
the other two, and before the milk has reached its proper place, the good 
old cow becomes angry and kicks the milk pail over and all the milk runs 
together. I use this illustration for those who never have taken a course 
of study in object lessons and only had the experience of the church side 
of human life. I recently heard a sermon preached by Bishop Cranston, 
who took for his text, "Understandest Thou What Thou Readest," and 
to prove his point he used the illustration of a child taking his first object 
lesson, and said that man is only a grown-up child. 

For all such it would be helpful to take a practical lesson on the com- 
mercial side, as well as the political side, before they become teachers, as I 
recently heard another Bishop say, who is noted for his famous lectures 
on the "Bright Side of Libbey Prison," that he had given this liquor prob- 
lem much thought and study. I believe that he, with many other strong 
advocates of the Anti-Saloon League, still needs object lessons adapted to 
their cases. I call attention to the following: 



126 

There was once a farmer who had a nice peach orchard, but before the 
farmer could realize the pleasure of its toothsome fruit the boys would 
take advantage of the darkness of the night and his fruit was taken away. 
Then, to protect himself, he resorted to the law, but that proved to be in- 
sufficient and caused much trouble for himself and expense to the Court. 
Being convinced there was no protection for him, he acted the part of the 
wise man and applied the ax to the root of the tree, therefore he was will- 
ing to sacrifice all his hopes of receiving any benefit from his beautiful 
trees in order to remove the temptation from the boys. 

It may require sacrifices for others, as there are many good plums in 
the way of office-seekers without shaking any trees. To be consistent 
with the Christian religion, as long as the Republican party is committed 
to the license principle the Anti-Saloon League might be illustrated by a 
short story of a hunter who was accustomed to telling, questionable stories. 
He once stated that he shot a deer through his foot and through his ear. 
When some one doubted the truthfulness of the story he called upon his 
servant to prove the same, and the servant would say, "Yes, master, you 
did. Just as the deer put his foot to scratch his ear, master pulled the 
trigger and the ball went through his foot and through his ear." But 
afterwards his servant was cautioned not to get his story so far apart 
again, as he had hard work to get it together again. To know how to 
conceive the actions of Bishop Potter in blessing the licensing of a saloon, 
and another Bishop voting that it might be blessed, is somewhat confus- 
ing as to know just how to get these conflicting stories together, as there 
must be a first blessing before there can be a second one. If we were as 
sure that the Protestants bishops would have as much power in politics 
as the Catholic priests have to control the people, I would be more in- 
clined to believe that the Anti-Saloon League would accomplish its pur- 
pose; but to accomplish anything in this line there must be money con- 
sideration, which is the same principle as of letting the one party apply 
for a license to do many things besides the selling of liquors. The spoils 
of office are influencing many thousands to stand by a party which has the 
most damnable evil that could be retained by the power of money. This 
will prove the necessity of but two political parties. By referring to the 
chapter entitled, "Why There Should Be Two Political Parties," the 
reader will be convinced of the importance of this fact,, as money is God 
and the spoils of office means money. 

As men advance the necessity of political parties to meet the needs of 
man is apparent ; hence, there must be a choice of one political party to 
champion this cause, so that the principle may continue to grow, and be- 
cause of this there is need of a positive Prohibition party. The principle 
lived before Noah got drunk and will live as long as alcohol is consumed 
by any individual ; therefore none need fear but that there will be plenty 
of work to do in political reform so long as we live, even if there should 
be a party elected to power that was pledged to the Prohibition principles. 
It is incongruous to attempt to control such an issue as the liquor traffic 
without a party committed to that principle. To prove this, the success 
of the liquor traffic had two political parties who were in power at various 



127 

times, and there has been no party in power at any time that opposed it;, 
therefore, in this day and generation, there must be a David to sling the 
pebble to slay the giant. 1 know of no one, among all the bishops, who. 
would be better adapted to this than he who lectures on "The Bright Side 
of Libbey Prison." 

If the Anti-Saloon League has been formed as a means to an end — 
that is, in transforming the Republican party into a prohibitive license 
party, they have started right ; but if their motive is to work their reform, 
temperance principles through the old parties, especially the Republican, 
it will be like a man trying to lift himself up by his boot straps or start- 
ing to walk all day in a bushel measure. The saloon is a real thing, alco- 
holic liquor is a real thing, and man is a creature who acts by natural or 
real things. The Anti-Saloon League is a sentiment growing out of the 
evil of a material thing, therefore must must be a ballot cast -with a party 
with money connected with it that is pledged to fight the real thing. 

There is no money coming from the Anti-Saloon League for the man in 
office to aid him in promoting the work of the league, therefore they con- 
tinue to pay big salaries. That should not make any difference to the man 
elected to office by the combined temperance forces ; but when he is 
elected by a party committed to the license system he is like a man who is 
acting the part of a detective in putting on citizen's clothes and wearing, 
a detective button. He is between the devil and the deep blue sea, and 
wonders what he is and who he is. He is in the position of a bastard 
child. He is ashamed to tell anyone about it, for he thinks there may be 
some chance of receiving something of his relations. But when sentiment 
dies, it leaves him like a child without a mother. He is like an orphan' 
depending on the charitable sentiment in order that he may live, and if 
not supported by that source, he must receive his support from some 
unknown source ; therefore there must of necessity be a party with, 
issues to elect men to office, backed by conviction. H the bishop had 
power to say he will turn four hundred thousand votes against the Repub- 
lican party, and had power to say to every presiding elder or preacher that 
if you don't preach and vote for a non-license party you will lose 
your position, there might be some hope for the Anti-Saloon League ;. 
but they do have the power, individually, to say to the President, Senate,, 
and Congressmen, and state chairman of a political party, that if you 
do not adopt a non-license plank in your platform and abolish the 
receiving of revenue on alcoholic beverages as proposed in the platform 
for a new political party, we will not support you, and will use all our 
influence against you by vote and otherwise and support as far as possible 
a political party that represents prohibition principles, then there would be 
a possibility of something being done. This would mean a sacrifice of 
faith to some as much as when Abraham ofifered his son Isaac that there 
would be a way provided so that the Republican party would be permitted 
to live. This would not be more than General Fiske had done when he 
made a sacrifice by leaving the Republican party because they would not 
adopt a prohibition plank in their platform. If others had the same spirit,. 



128 

we would not now be in a quandary to know what to do with the liquor 
traffic. 

As the office means spoils and spoils means money, and this controls 
man politically, then whosoever does not desire the liquor traffic to be per- 
petuated must take that position, for human nature does not change, 
while it lives under the same conditions, because the same conditions pro- 
duce the same effect. To be otherwise would be a miracle ; then, whether 
he be a bishop or the lowest peasant, he cannot help being influenced by 
his surroundings, and if he be surrounded by men in high political office, 
the greater the influence will be on the man who chances to be one of 
them. Those who are desirous of bringing about a reform must learn 
the important step of making their own environments different. To ac- 
complish this purpose — as man's influence on man is the only influence 
worth considering, either politically or religiously — they must be con- 
trolled by two political parties. Anyone opposed to religion or politics 
because it requires a sacrifice on his part to oppose those who advocate 
other systems of thought and indulgence, is not worthy of the treasures 
he inherits. 



I: Why the Anti-Saloon League Does Not Succeed* 



The reason why the Anti-Saloon Society cannot accomplish its purpose 
is because it lacks the practical business principles and qualities which 
should control the cause they represent, and the promoters are either being 
deceived, or are acting inconsistently, because of a strong party affiliation, 
as I will endeavor to show : 

First. "Anti" means opposed to. If its promoters had adopted "Anti- 
Republican Saloons," then they would have acted consistently. To illus- 
trate this point let us use the old advice given to a boy when he asked his 
mother, "Can I go into swim?" The mother answered, "Yes, my boy; but 
hang your clothes on the hickory limb, and don't go near the water." 

If I have a proper conception of the purpose of the anti-saloonists, I 
feel that I am in position to say that their object is to abolish the saloon. 
This they desire to do without inj ury to the Republican party, and still 
remove that which is offensive to others, but it is like one who advocates 
the cold water dip as a remedy in a political way ; therefore those who are 
identified with this anti-saloon movement are either being misled or they 
are a party acting as a side show to the Republican party, being used only 
for a certain purpose, as they know that to have the legalized liquor busi- 
ness continue with the Republican party as it is would hinder it from being 
supported by a better class of citizens. 

To overcome this lack of support the best class of citizens agree to 
unite to form the anti-saloon society, and they believe that the withdrawal 
of such would be detrimental to the Republican party and thus in the end 
working a great harm to the nation by compromising with a party that 
favors licensing saloons ; or it may be that the leaders have consented to 
associate themselves with a party that favored licensing, rather than iden- 
tify themselves with the Prohibition party, and thus assist in promoting 
the interests of that party. 

They may possibly have tried to relieve their conscience by seeking to 
convince themselves that a half loaf was better than none at all, if the 
other half is poison ; or it may be that the leaders of this party are like 
the larger portion of mankind, seeking notoriety, and want all the credit 
possible for having accomplished something. Again, it may be that they 
allowed their admiration and love for the Republican party control their 
better judgment. 

It may tend to keep the Prohibition party from being supported by those 
inclined to work on the reform movement, and the anti-saloon society, if 

129 
9 



I30 

it had this support, would be the means of helping the Prohibition party 
to rise in power. 

Again, it may possibly be that they are sincere in their doings, and yet 
unconsciously are buying a gold brick, as all those people who are familiar 
with the leaders know that it takes money to run the party, and this money 
comes from unknown sources. 

We all know that there is a certain class of people in power who do not 
favor long prayers or temperance lectures, but they do fear votes. For 
example, General Fiske declared that he could not support the RepubHcan 
party any longer unless they would put in a Prohibition plank in their 
platform, and because of their failure to comply with this request he left 
the Republican party, and was nominated for President on the Prohibition 
ticket, receiving the largest number of votes that the Prohibitionists have 
ever cast. 

Then the G. O. P. brought forward local option in New Jersey to draw 
the wanderers back again to their fold. The plan worked well, and when 
they returned they repealed the law. It may be that the same things that 
caused the act to be repealed is now supporting the Anti-Saloon League, 
unknown to us, as they are wiser than those who are opposed to them. 

Granting that the anti-saloon movement is gaining and has good prin- 
ciples, and supposing good temperance Republican, having been elected by 
the league, should make a little noise in the legislature, the result would 
be that he would make a laughing stock of himself, and should he desire 
to be re-elected, his head would be cut off, but not put in a charger like 
that of John the Baptist, but would be done away with, unless he would 
make a vow and pledged himself to support the principles of the party 
that elected him. 

It requires a special party to elect a man to do special work, as the in- 
exorable law does its perfect work with a man through the party by whom 
he is elected. 

While I have no confidence in the league accomplishing any satisfactory 
results by trying to elect good men to office, for that "gag" is as old as 
the party, yet this movement has been the means of inspiring those inter- 
ested in temperance work. It has also been educational to many, and they 
have gradually seen the importance of leading temperance lives. 

Those who are expecting success by this means should be educated, as 
it is a law that a man succeeds by his failures as well as his successes, 
and it would be well for our rulers in office to learn the common law 
which has governed the human race ever since the days of Adam and 
Eve, "Thou shalt not," which the mother applies to her children, and un- 
dertakes to instruct in the same until the day of her death. This same 
law was given on Mt. Sinai, and it will last as long as the race. 

Therefore, why not apply this principle to the liquor traffic? Unless 
our nation, says to the rum-dealer who creates the liquor traffic, that he 
"shall not," it will always be a blight and a greater disgrace to the nation 
than human slavery was, which was the cause of the Civil War. 

In the days of the Civil War our Government carried out this injunc- 
tion and said "Thou shalt not hold slaves in bondage," by the Emancipa- 



131 

tion Proclamation, made by Abraham Lincoln. This proves that by ad- 
hering to the teachings of Christ much greater success was obtained than 
through the war. 

I shall now endeavor to show what the sentiment is in the country re- 
garding this one issue, "The Liquor Traffic." 

While I fully realize that it is not natural for people to make changes 
when they are successful, and the same holds true with political parties, 
yet there comes a time in the history of mankind when it is expedient to 
change, even though they may be successful. There is a time when public 
sentiment becomes aroused, when you come to consider what the licensing 
of the liquor traffic is doing, and that it is not a necessary evil, as Bishop 
Potter stated, because, according to common sense, the usefulness of any- 
thing is what good it does to others who operate the same. 

A wise statesman, when dying, was asked what had afforded him the 
greatest pleasure during his life, and his reply was, "In doing good to 
others." If those who are connected with the anti-saloon can vow the. 
same, I say go on with the good work. 



I How to Stop Legalized Drunkard-Makings f 

BY ALONZO WILSON. 

Too many of our American citizens have an indefinite idea concerning 
the methods by which our government can be divorced from the whiskey 
business and drunkard making. Here is a simple statement of what 
could be done in the matter of federal action and legislation : 

As the President of the United States has full authority concerning the 
regulation of the drink traffic in certain districts and departments of our 
.government, he can act, if he wishes, as follows : 

(a) He can close every dram shop in the Philippines and other insular 
possessions, and reduce to a minimum gambling and the social vice now 
under federal protection. 

(b) He can abolish saloons from military and Indian reservations, in- 
'cluding national parks, soldiers' homes and all other government property. 

(c) He can enforce the liquor laws of the District of Columbia and 
'drive the illicit saloons from Washington. 

(d) He can demand a strict observance of the canteen law and enforce 
its every provision in all forts, arsenals and camps of the United States 

army. 

(e) He can appoint as judges and district attorneys those citizens only 
who by sobriety and faithfulness to their oath of office will enforce liquor 
laws and bring violators to justice. 



The Congress of the United States can divorce the government from 
legal drunkard making by the following legislation on this special subject: 

(a) The repeal of the internal revenue law, passed only as a war 
measure, which, (i) Compels every American voter to become a share- 
holder in the distilleries and breweries ; (2) Receives as a government the 
greater share of the profits from the manufacture of liquors. (3) And 
permits the federal authorities to issue liquor licenses to citizens of any 
State, city or town regardless of the prohibition laws therein. 

(b) By the repeal of the license law of the District of Columbia and 
thus make our national capital a city free from the legalized saloon. 

(c) As Congress prohibited polygamy in the territories so it is possible 
to prohibit the drink traffic in all territories includng Alaska, which for 

132 



133 

several years prior to 1899, when Congress repealed it, was blessed with 
a prohibition law. 

(d) It can prevent the interstate commerce of liquors for beverage pur- 
poses, especially for shipment into prohibition territory — a law generally 
demanded but not passed by the last Congress. 

(e) It can prevent the exportation of intoxicating liquors from our 
country and the importation of such liquors into the United States so far 
as is possible without violating any treaty obligations. 

(f) It can prohibit the manufacture of intoxicating liquors by individ- 
uals and introduce a change of policy providing for government control 
and the manufacture of liquor by the government, its sale regulated as a 
poison, and to be used only for mechanical, scientific and medicinal pur- 
poses and in the arts and manufactures. 



% Why People Are Bound to Have Liquor, and || 
II Why You Can^t Prevent Them* | 

There is a continual protest on the part of those who are interested 
directly or who have acquired the taste for liquor. They say that you 
cannot prohibit its use, for men are bound to have it. 

Perhaps they may be sincere in making such declarations. Perhaps 
they may be right from their viewpoint and experience. 

Perhaps their position and the way they reason is based on experi- 
mental knowledge. Suppose there should be a prohibitory law passed that 
the enforcement of the law should be conducted according to the desire 
to enforce it on the part of the people. 

It is only natural to suppose that a law cannot be enforced if those 
who are placed in power to enforce the laws are in sympathy with the 
violators of the law, and are in a position to know why it was being vio- 
lated ; but perchance there might be some one who accepts it as a fore- 
gone conclusion, so I will endeavor to disabuse their minds. 

A prohibitory law can be enforced as well as any other law. All it 
needs is a party elected to power from the lowest office to the highest, as 
they say that a chain is no stronger than its weakest link, and by not 
having any weak link, the law will be enforced. Past experience has 
been somewhat unsatisfactory because of the weak links, perhaps a sheriff, 
or a prosecutor, or a policeman. 

To make a prohibitory law and place men to enforce it who belong to 
an opposing party, would be ridiculous beyond conception. This has been 
the past condition. We do not wonder that you are impressed with the 
fact that you cannot prohibit, because those in power did not want pro- 
hibition. 

The condition in political matters seems to influence men to act in keep- 
ing with their own interests. This proves the necessity of electing a party 
for a special purpose, the same as employing a person in your business for 
a special purpose, so that he will not go gunning for any other game. It 
is the party that makes the man. I would expect better enforcement of 
the laws with a bad man in office who has a political party back of him 
that placed him there to enforce the laws rather than a good man to be 
placed in office to enforce the laws who has a bad political party back of 
him who are seeking to violate the laws at every opportunity, especially 
when they receive their support from the business that is upheld by the 
political party. 

134 



135 

Suppose they were elected to office, it is only human nature to cater to 
the power to whom they are answerable. There is much being said about 
the impossibilities of enforcing the laws in Maine and Kansas, and other 
prohibition States. From what I have learned of them, the laws are 
enforced when you elect men to office like Pierson, of Portland, Me., and 
Johnson, the golden rule man, of Cleveland, Ohio, and Folk, of St. Louis. 
All that it needs is the proper man "behind the gun." 

There is an old saying that they are bound to have it — liquor. If this 
is the only proof, then the greater importance of making and enforcing 
laws and of using means of education to prevent them. The same con- 
dition will be perpetuated as the same cause that made them bound to 
have it will be reproduced in the young men. When nature, by death, 
removes them, we will have a class of citizens such as God intended, for 
we shall have gone out of the business of selling privileges to manufac- 
ture young men into drunkards. If you do not educate the people to have 
a desire, there is no need for a law to prevent the gratification of such 
desire. The reason why you cannot prevent a man who has been addicted 
to the use of intoxicating liquors for a few years, cannot resist the temp- 
tation and stay reformed. To accomplish this we must first learn why a 
man can become helpless while he is possessed of the inherent power to 
abstain from many other things and not from the use of tobacco and alco- 
hol. It is because we are one body with many members,: and no one can 
say to the other, "We have no need of thee." The nose does not know 
that you have been taking liquor, but the redness of your nose will indi- 
cate it. The heart does not know you have been taking alcohol, although 
you have caused it to beat twenty times more a minute. The brain would 
not know any more than the heart that it was being acted upon or being 
afifected by anything; neither would the brain know if you should pierce 
it with a needle, because it is the seat of thinking power, and there is not 
any other member of the body capable of thinking for the brain. 

When you raise your hand to do an act, the hand does not know it. 
When you raise your hand to put poison liquid to your mouth, the brain 
does not know it, but you do by the combination of all your internal or- 
gans. Neither would it know or be conscious of the effects, but by re- 
peated doses of alcohol the brain is affected and made weak, the same as 
your hand would be by your forcing upon it to lift a heavy task. By so 
doing it would be overtaxed and become so weak that it would be power- 
less to act at your will. The same principle governs the brain, it being 
one of the organs of the body, yet distinct. The brain has become weak 
as the hand, powerless to resist the temptation for the desire of alcohol 
because of its weakness. 

The effects of alcohol on the nerve system is likened to the use of to- 
bacco or opium eating. To illustrate more fully, alcohol acts both upon 
the nerves and brain; the nerve system clamors and demands a renewal 
of the stimulant. The brain being made weak by its excessive use, it 
does not have the power of reason sufficiently strong to overcome the de- 
mands of the nerve system. The brain acts as a battery for the whole 
nerve system. It sends out a message to the hand, the feet, to act. If 



136 

you should apply alcohol after you had made a battery, it would refuse 
to act. On the same principle you can apply so much alcohol to the hu- 
man battery and it will become paralyzed, and the members of your body 
will refuse to act and you will be called "dead drunk," but instead you 
have given your brain battery such a dose you have paralyzed the nerves, 
and will remain so until nature assists you get rid of the poison through 
the kidneys and pores of the skin. 

The above reasons explain why so many people are puzzled when a re- 
formed man is powerless to let alcoholic liquors alone. He has destroyed 
his battery and his nerve system clamors for a support, and the weakness 
of his battery does not have the power to resist the intruder. 

This explains why the world is growing worse. Our government is 
supporting 250,000 men who steal away man's brain power and the nervous 
system is demanding an alcoholic stimulant ; therefore the brain cannot 
say "no." The man is forced to yield to a robber whom he has swallowed, 
and the robber had captured the nerve system so completely that it is use- 
less for the brain to undertake to resist the demands of the nerves when 
there is an opportunity to procure it. 

While the majority of our people in the United States believe in manu- 
facturing robbers to steal man's brain, there will always be plenty of work 
for reform in politics and work for the church. 

The writer's business has caused him to travel in various States, call- 
ing on about 2,000 customers yearly, and stopping at various hotels of all 
classes, causing him to wonder why the man could not resist alcohol. I 
have seen men come into the bar-room early in the morning, their whole 
nerve systems quivering for a drink. I also have numbers of customers 
who are more or less addicted to the use of the poison cup. which shows 
on their countenance and their heavily-laden breath. I would notice 
every year a marked change for the worse, and have endeavored to in- 
fluence them to abstain from its use, but they gradually sank lower in the 
scale of respectability and to the neglect of paying their bills, and with 
two motives, for my own protection and the good of them and the Com- 
monwealth, have endeavored to prevent the abuse of alcoholic beverages 
by imparting knowledge. By referring to chapter on "Sumptuory," you 
will get more information on this subject. 



W '/$ 

I Why the Prohibition of the Sale of Liquor is :j| 
I Called Sumptuory* | 

')(< >^ 

There is considerable discussion among those who are engaged in alco- 
hoHc beverages, especially the venders of the same, because of sump- 
tuory measures, and many people argue that it deprives one of his per- 
sonal liberty. Because of the phenomenal effects of its use on the human 
system I would consider the question one of debate. 

I would take the affirmative side ; that is, "that it is right to prevent or 
prohibit the use of tobacco, or the use of alcoholic drinks." 

Webster defines the word "sumptuory" as relating to the regulation of 
expenditure. Now, the use of tobacco effects the life of the user and his 
expenditures; therefore it is subject to regulation by law, whether the 
subject be fourteen or twenty-one years old. Furthermore, tobacco is a 
poison, and there is a law preventing persons from poisoning themselves, 
or anyone else. If this be true, that tobacco is a poison, it should only be 
given by a physician's prescription, the same as other poisons. 

Now, in order to prove that preventing the use of alcoholic drink is 
sumptuory, I will maintain that you must acknowledge that all laws are 
sumptuory, and we must abolish them all in order to let people do just 
as they please. 

It is generally accepted that the drink habit generates a diseased condi- 
tion. If this is so, then the person would have the right to prevent others 
from contracting the same disease, just as any other contagious disease,, 
such as smallpox. We must prevent persons from running into such 
places where they can contract the disease, and by so doing are you de- 
priving them of a personal liberty? No. Because you will prevent them 
from contracting a desire for alcoholic drink. 

If thirst for alcoholic drink is not a disease, then what is it? In the 
various diseases the minds of the people become affected, then would you 
be depriving them of a personal liberty by preventing them from com- 
miting suicide or murder because of the effect of the disease? If we did 
not prevent this the Government would have to quarantine all places 
where the disease is likely to be caught, j ust as a house that has a patient 
with a contagious disease is quarantined. 

I have stated previously that it is not natural for people to drink alco- 
holic liquors. As this is true, then there should be no occasion to pre- 
vent its use, because there should be no use for it, as the prohibiting of 
anything applies to the natural man as God created him, and not to the 
unnatural. 

137 



138 

The writer has no desire whatever for tobacco or beverages of any 
Jcind, therefore no act of legislature would be sumptuory to him by pre- 
venting the use of either. 

You cannot find any ground for the statement that intoxicating liquors 
are a food, because it contains a poison. To produce it the living germ 
is destroyed by the device of man, and a healthy root is decayed, and man 
being similar in nature to the vegetable must die and decay before he is 
transformed to a spirit ; therefore alcohol is only a bottled up spirit, and 
if left uncorked the spirit would soon go where it belonged. This can be 
applied to those people who have graft, greed and gain in their make-up. 
They will destroy their fellow-men by selling this liquid damnation which 
contains the evil spirit necessary to produce intoxication. 

Being a spirit, it cannot be assimilated like other temperance drinks 
that have not had to go through the process of decay to produce it. For 
this reason alcoholic drinks cannot be assimilated, because all natural 
foods and liquids must undergo the process of natural decay, and be- 
cause of this the assimilation of alcoholic spirits cannot be possible. 

You therefore see that it cannot be classed as a food, because of the 
fact of its being indigestible and beings mixed with other foods in the 
stomach, and because of its preservative nature it hinders the digestion and 
assimilation of other foods. It produces bad breath because of the lack 
of the organs to assimilate it, as nature intended it to aid in strengthening 
the body. 

Now, in order to define more clearly what would be sumptuory — that is, 
to dictate to people what they should eat and drink, I would say that they 
should take only those foods which will enable them to sustain life. 

Our Creator has so made man that he has an appetite for food and 
water just like an animal, and man is but a higher species of the animal 
creation, some being blessed with a greater knowledge than others, he 
takes it upon himself and disapprove of licensing places to sell the liquid 
damnation ; therefore you see it is sumptuory on the part of those people 
who devise ways and means for preventing such options from being 
granted. 

If you will reason you will see that it should be regarded as a philan- 
thropic act instead of being compulsory. Those who are strong advo- 
cates of personal liberty should be able to discern between granting a 
license and the drinking of liquor. 

It would be next to an impossibility to prevent a person from drinking 
liquor, because, if he could not procure it at a saloon, he could make it 
on his own premises. 

This is to show you how the habits for narcotics are acquired and are 
abnormal, and you could not reasonably make a sumptuory law only for 
the natural man, as God created him perfect, and not for those who de- 
iile themselves. 



1 Why the Canteen is Detrimental to the Army, i 

There has been a bone of contention over the Canteen law ever since the 
Civil War as to the rightfulness of dispensing with liquors, and it may be 
a question why a place where food and other supplies, such as tobacco, 
■should be called a canteen, when it was first used for carrying water to 
the soldiers. There must be a desire on the part of some one to delude 
the public into disregarding the true character of the place and design in 
not calling it by its right name, a Government saloon. They should not 
have been allowed to deceive the public in the beginning. 

The canteen is a vessel for carrying water. The present name, use and 
purpose would indicate a sutler's store; but to run one of these modern 
-canteens it requires a special privilege granted by the Government in 
•order to be enabled to engage in the so-called canteen business. 

We all know that the dispensing of liquor from the army canteen has 
"been prohibited for the past four years. It was brought about through 
the influence of public sentiment and by the efforts of the W. C. T. U. 
Suppose that such a decision would be final after they had agreed to dis- 
pense with the canteen, but by the advice of the United States Attorney- 
General Griggs (that it was illegal for Congress to prohibit the sale of 
liquor to the army), and for which advice, if I am correctly informed, he 
received $25,000. But I am surprised to see in one of our newspapers 
(the "North American") that some one has ventured to bring the can- 
teen issue to public notice again. The promoters of this must have lain 
awake nights to have originated such a bright idea, and they ought to 
have it copyrighted at once. 

As time advances one can never tell what will happen when the new 
Mfoman makes her appearance in politics. She might apply the same 
principle that has prompted the old soldiers' widows to help the liquor 
traffic in accomplishing its purpose. While it is somewhat amusing, yet it 
is despicable to see two classes of women with their faces in print, one 
representing the overthrow of the greatest evil in the whole world and the 
other class of women speaking and using their influence to reinstate and 
■continue the use of the evil. 

We are compelled to use the phrase "wonders will never cease," and 
when you consider with all the light and knowledge that you have of the 
injurious effects of alcohol upon the system and that the present condi- 
tion of the soldiers is largely due to their habits they acquired before 
entering the army, they resort to the same principle and means of depos- 
ing liquor by the canteen. 

139 



140 

It is generally accepted without opposition that abstinence will make 
better soldiers whether in war or in time of peace, and will enable them 
to endure greater fatigue ; and also better able to gain the victory than 
those who imbibe alcoholic drinks. This has been proven by the success 
of the Japanese in the late war between Russia and Japan, and besides 
this, all medical authorities verify the fact that abstinence is productive 
of good soldiers, and the preservation of health in the army. Further 
proof of this is in insurance companies' use of the death-rate, which is 
one-third greater among those who use alcoholic beverages than among 
abstainers. The only argument that old soldiers' widows make for the 
establishment of a canteen is that they would be more likely to procure 
pure liquor. Apply a little reason in the use of alcohol in the army or 
out of it ; if alcohol is a poison, then the purer it is the more poisonous it 
is, and it will kill that much sooner. 

If the Government engages and grants an applicant the privilege of 
opening a canteen dispensary, then the Government has engaged in the 
business of helping to shorten the lives of the old soldiers. Of course, this 
would mean a great cutting of pension lists, but whether there be any 
difference between the purity of liquor furnished by the canteen man and 
the man outside who sells liquor, I can see no assurance as to how there 
would be any protection to its purity. 

Another amusing saying of the old soldiers' wives and widows is that 
the W. C. T. U. has become over-zealous and is not acquainted with the 
needs of the army. While that might seem plausible to some, to others 
it would not, because of the fact that the women belonging to the W. C. 
T. U. are the most intellectual, and, therefore, better qualified to know the 
needs of the soldiers, and because of their desire to do philanthropic work, 
they investigate and become intelligent on all the matters which they 
advocate. 

We have no doubt but that there are many mothers among the 300,ooQ 
W. C. T. U. workers who have sons enlisted in the army and who would 
be willing that their lives should be sacrificed for the good of others, but 
are not willing to have them sacrificed in the interest of the Government 
to help make revenue by drinking from a Government saloon, which we 
all know could not exist without the consent of those who make our laws. 
And what is all this controversy and discussion about its being beneficial 
to anyone? It is simply the money that causes the discussion and those 
desiring to restore the canteen are deluded. What is the use of Con- 
gress spending its valuable time, as it has in the past, about the canteen 
when it is in the power of the President to prohibit the sale of liquor in 
the army or in the soldiers' homes. By referring to page 132 you will find 
further information regarding the power of the President in prohibiting 
the sale of liquor. To further convince the public of the forcing of the 
canteen in the army, I insert this clipping from the Ocean City Ledger. 

AGAINST THE CANTEEN. 

A correspondent in the Public Ledger, Ocean City, N. J., has the fol- 
lowing : 



141 

"The annual reports of the Judge Advocate General of the Army, 
George B. Davis, are the highest and most conclusive authorities as to the 
effects of the canteen. These show that in those years in which it has 
been permitted the number of court-martials for drunkenness, other mis- 
demeanors and crimes, has been much greater than in those in which it 
has been abolished. This should settle the question with all fair-minded 
persons. Official records are always to be preferred to individual imagin- 
ings, opinions or assertions. 

"No wonder, then, that such experienced and distinguished generals as 
Miles, Wheeler, Shafter and Howard have been outspoken and persistent 
opponents of the saloon feature of the regimental post exchanges, and 
that Generals Henry, Ludlow, Boynton, Rochester, Bliss, Stanley, Carlin,, 
Wilcox and ten others have expressed themselves as in agreement with 
these eminent men, as have also forty-five colonels. 

"They unite in maintaining that the regimental saloons greatly increase 
the number of the victims of the drink habit in the army and multiply the 
number of the soldiers who frequent saloons and still more disreputable 
places on pay days and other 'days off.' 

" 'Fighting Joe' Wheeler fought as bravely against the canteeners when 
the evil existed in the army as he did against the Spaniards. The position 
which he has persistently maintained in public and in private has been : 'I 
am utterly opposed to soldiers being sold intoxicating liquors, and I be- 
lieve that every effort should be exercised to remove the temptation of 
such dissipation from them.' 

"Major General Shafter wrote from Santiago: 'I have always been 
strongly opposed to the canteen system or the sale of intoxicating drinks 
of any kind. I regard it as demoralizing to the men, besides impairing 
seriously their efficiency.' 

"A large majority of the members of both branches of our national leg- 
islature have taken the same view and have voted to abolish the evil. It 
is devoutly to be hoped that it will stay abolished, notwithstanding the ill- 
judged efforts of some to restore it. 

"Those who advocate the restoration of the army saloons take good care 
to avoid all reference to the testimony of the distinguished military men 
we have named, and especially are they silent about the all-important and 
the altogether conclusive records in the office of the Judge Advocate Gen- 
eral of the Army. In General Davis's latest report, which covers the first 
year of the abolition of the canteen, it is shown that there were more than 
one thousand fewer trials by court-martial than in the previous year, and 
the General says that the conditions of the military service are much 
better. 

"The Surgeon General of the army in his latest reports says that there 
is improvement in the health of the soldiers, and that the hospital pa- 
tients during the year were more than two hundred per thousand fewer 
than during the year preceding. Those who, with a knowledge of these 
facts, are pressing for a restoration of the physically and morally debasing 
saloons must have some other reason for their action than the welfare of 



142 

the soldiers. Charity, however, leads us to believe that some of the 
friends of these drinking resorts in the army lack information and have 
been misled by designing men." 

Rev. John Liggins. 



ALCOHOL IN THE ARMY. 

No one evil agent so much obstructs this army in its progress to that 
condition which will enable it to accomplish all that true soldiers can as 
the degrading vice of drunkenness. It is the cause of by far the greater 
part of the disorders which are examined by courts martial. It is im- 
possible to estimate the benefits that would accrue to the service from the 
adoption of a resolution on the part of the officers to set their men an 
example of total abstinence from intoxicating drinks. It would be worth 
50,000 men to the armies of the United States. — General McClellan in 1862. 



THE VOICE OF AUTHORITY. 

A great many young soldiers who are not accustomed to drink, contract 
drinking habits at these canteens and are ruined. — Surgeon General Stern- 
berg. 

I have always been strongly opposed to the canteen system or the sale 
of intoxicating drinks of any kind on military reservations and opposed it 
until absolutely overruled and required to establish a canteen at my post. 
I consider it demoralizing to the men, besides impairing seriously their 
efficiency. — Major General Shafter. 

I do not believe that intoxicants should be handled by the army, except 
as medicine, nor do I find that beer is any more necessary for a soldier 
than it is for the employes of any great corporation, and I find that retail 
beer saloons are just as much a nuisance on a reservation and called a 
"canteen" as they are outside and called a saloon. The army of the 
United States is not composed of drunkards and we are not at a loss as 
to how to cater to the beer drinking appetites of the few who do want it. 
—Colonel P. H. Ray. 

I trust the Government will not by law carry liquor to the soldiers and 
then by another law tell them that if they get drunk the Government will, 
by still a third law, severely punish them. Beauty, cards and drink have 
destroyed many great armies. They have largely contributed to the de- 
struction of the Russian army to-day. May they not destroy the people 
and army of the land of my birth. — Inspector-General Noel Gaines. 

I have not changed my opinion in regard to the advisability of keeping 
liquor out of the army, and the inadvisability of restoring the liquor fea- 
ture to the present army canteen. The army is better off without it, and, 
in fact, in that respect, is better than it has ever been before ; although I 



143 

am aware that an effort will be made by the Liquor Trust — not by the- 
saloon-keepers — to have it forced back into the army. — Lieutenant-General 
Nelson A. Miles, November 14, 1904. 

The canteen stands as a constant invitation to the total abstainer tO' 
drink, as a temptation to the moderate drinker to drink more, and as a 
convenience to thc^ drunkard to load up on beer when he has not the- 
means to obtain anything stronger. The canteen system resolves itself,, 
in my opinion, into this question : Is it best to keep a constant tempta- 
tion before the total abstainers and moderate drinkers for the purpose of 
controlling the few drunkards? — Brigadier-General Daggott. 



SCIENTIFIC TESTIMONY ON BEER. 

[From speech against the sale of beer and wine in ''Canteens," by Senator 
J. H. Gallinger, January 9, 1901.] 

The alarming growth of the use of beer among our people, and the- 
spreading delusion among many who consider themselves temperate and 
sober that the encouragement of beer drinking is an effective way of pro- 
moting the cause of temperance and of aiding to stamp out the demon- 
rum, impelled the "Blade" to send a representative to a number of the 
leading physicians of Toledo to obtain their opinions as to the real dam- 
age which indulgence in malt liquors does the victim of that form of in- 
temperance. 

Every one is not only a gentleman of the highest personal character, but 
is a physician whose professional abilities have been severely tested, and 
received the stamp of the highest indorsement by the public and their pro- 
fessional brethren. More skillful physicians are not to be found anywhere.. 
We have not selected those of known temperance principles. What they 
say of beer is not colored by any feeling for or against temperance, but is. 
the cold, bare experienc of men of science who know whereof they speak. 

Toledo is essentially a beer drinking city. The German population is 
very large. Five of the largest breweries in the country are here. Prob- 
ably more beer is drank, in proportion to the population, than in any other 
city in the United States. The practice of these physicians is, therefore, 
largely among beer drinkers, and they have had abundant opportunities to 
know exactly its bearings on health and disease. 

Every one bears testimony that no man can drink beer safely, that it is^ 
an injury to any one who uses it in any quantity, and that its effect on 
the general health of the country has been even worse than that of 
whisky. The indictment they with one accord present against beer drink- 
ing is simply terrible. 

The devilfish crushing a man in his long winding arms, and sucking his 
blood from his mangled body, is not so frightful an assailant as this deadly 
but insidious enemy, which fastens itself upon its victim, and daily becomes- 
more and more the wretched man's master, clogging his liver, rotting his> 



144 

Icidneys, decaying his heart and arteries, stupefying and starving his brain, 
choking his lungs and bronchia, loading his body with dropsical fluids and 
unwholesome fat, fastening upon him rheumatism, erysipelas, and all man- 
ner of painful and disgusting diseases, and finally dragging him to his 
grave at a time when other men are in their prime of mental and bodily 
vigor. Here are their statements : 

Dr. S. H. Burgen, a practitioner 35 years, 28 in Toledo, says : "I think 
beer kills quicker than any other liquor. My attention was first called to 
its insidious effects, when I began examining for life insurance. I passed 
as unusually good risks five Germans — young business men — who seemed 
in the best health, and to have superb constitutions. In a few years I was 
amazed to see the whole five drop off, one after another, with what ought 
to have been mild and easily curable diseases. On comparing my expe- 
rience with that of other physicians I found they were all having similar 
luck with confirmed beer drinkers, and my practice since has heaped con- 
firmation on confirmation. 

"The first organ to be attacked is the kidneys ; the liver soon sympa- 
thizes, and then comes, most frequently, dropsy or Bright's disease, both 
-certain to end fatally. Any physician, who cares to take the time, will tell 
you that among the dreadful results of beer drinking are lockjaw and 
erysipelas, and that the beer drinker seems incapable of recovering from 
mild disorders and injuries not usually regarded of a grave character. 
Pneumonia, plurisy, fevers, etc., seem to have a first mortgage on him, 
which they foreclose remorselessly at an early opportunity. 

"The beer drinker is much worse off than the whisky drinker, who 
seems to have more elasticity and reserve power. He will even have de- 
lirium tremens ; but after the fit is gone you will sometimes find good ma- 
terial to work upon. Good management may bring him around all right. 
But when a beer drinker gets into trouble it seems almost as if you have 
to recreate the man before you can do anything for him. I have talked 
this for years, and have had abundance of living and dead instances around 
me to support my opinions." 

Dr. S. S. Thorn, a physician of experience in the army, and 20 years' 
practice in Toledo, said : "Adulterants are not the most important thing 
in my estimation : it is the beer itself. It stupifies his intellection, because 
it is a narcotic, and cumulative in its effects. For instance, mercurials are 
cumulative. A dose of one-sixteenth or one thirty-second of a grain 
would have no appreciable effect on the system ; but a number of these 
administered consecutively would soon produce salivation and other de- 
structive results. So beer accumulates and gathers pernicious agencies in 
the system until they become very destructive. 

"Every man who drinks beer in any quantity soon begins to load him- 
self with soft, unhealthy fat. 

"This is bad, because it is the result of interference with the natural 
■elimination of deleterious substances. No man, no matter what his con- 
stitution, can go on long with his system full of the morbid and dead mat- 
ter which the kidneys and liver are intended to work off. 

"If you could drop into a little circle of doctors, when they are having 



145 

a quiet, professional chat, you would hear enough in a few minutes to 
terrify you as to the work of beer. One w411 say. 'What's become of So- 
and-So? I haven't seen him around lately?' 'Oh, he's dead.' 'Dead! 
What was the matter?' 'Beer.' Another will say, 'I've just come from 
Blank's. I am afraid it's about my last call on him, poor fellow.' 'What's 
the trouble?' 'Oh, he's been a regular beer drinker for years.' A third 

will remark how has j ust gone out like a candle in a draft of wind. 

'Beer' is the reason given. And so on, till half a dozen physicians ha^•e 
mentioned fifty recent cases where apparently strong, hearty men, at a 
time of life when they should be in their prime, have suddenly dropped 
into the grave. To say they are habitual beer drinkers is sufficient ex- 
planation to any physician. 

"The first effect on the liver is to congest and enlarge it. Then follows 
a low grade of inflammation and subsequent contraction of the capsules 
producing 'hob-nailed' or 'drunkard's liver;' the surface covered with little 
lumps that look like nail heads on the soles of shoes. This develops 
dropsy. The congestion of the liver clogs up all the springs of the body, 
and makes all sorts of exertion as difficult and labored as it would be to 
run a clock, the wheels of which were covered with dirt and gum. 

"The life insurance companies make a business of estimating men's 
lives, and can only make money by making correct estimates of whatever 
influences life. Here is a table that they use in calculating how long a 
normal, healthy man will probably live after a given age : 

Age. Expectation. I Age. Expectation. 

20 years 41.5 years | 50 years 20.2 years 

30 years 34.4 years j 60 years 13.8 years 

40 years 28.3 years | 65 years 11 years 

"Now they expect a man otherwise healthy, who is addicted to beer, will 
have his life shortened from 40 to 60 per cent. For instance, if he is 20 
years old and does not drink beer, he may reasonably expect to reach the 
age of 61. If he is a beer drinker, he w^ill probably not live to be over 
40 or 45, and so on. There is no sentiment, prejudice, or assertion about 
these figures. They are simply cold-blooded business facts, derived from 
experience; and the companies invest their money on them just as a man 
pays so many dollars for so many feet of ground or bushels of wheat. 

"All beer drinkers have rheumatism, more or less, and no one can re- 
cover from it as long as he drinks beer. Notice how a beer drinker 
walks about stiff on his heels, without any of the natural elasticity and 
spring from the toes and ball of the foot that a healthy man should have. 
That is because the beer increases the lithia deposits about the smaller 
joints. 

"Beer drinkers are absolutely the most dangerous class of subjects a 
surgeon can operate on. Insignificant scratches are liable to develop a 
long train of dangerous troubles. The chocking up of the sewers and 
absorbents of the body brings about blood poisoning and malignant run- 
ning sores ; and sometimes delirium tremens results from a small hurt. 
It is dangerous for a beer drinker to even cut his finger. No wound ever 
10 



146 

heals by first intention, but takes a long course of suppuration, sometimes 
with very offensive discharges. All surgeons hesitate to perform opera- 
tions on a beer drinker that they would undertake with the greatest con- 
fidence on any one else. 

"I have told you the frozen truth — cold, calm, scientific facts, such as the 
profession everywhere recognizes as absolute truths. I do not regard beer 
drinking as safe for any one. It is a dangerous, aggressive evil that no 
one can tamper with with any safety to himself. There is only one safe 
course, and that is to let it alone entirely." 

Dr. M. H. Parmalee, physician and surgeon 12 years in Toledo, says : 
"The majority of saloon keepers die from dropsy, arising from kidney and 
liver diseases, induced by beer drinking. My experience has been that 
saloon keepers and men working around breweries are very liable to these 
diseases. When one of these apparently stalwart, beery fellows is at- 
tacked by a disorder that would not be regarded as at all dangerous in 
a person of ordinary constitution, or even a delicate, weakly child or wom- 
an, he is liable to drop off like an over-ripe apple from a tree. You are 
never sure of him a minute. He may not be dangerously sick to-day, 
and to-morrow be in his shroud. Most physicians, like myself, dread 
being called upon to take charge of a sick man who is an habitual beer 
drinker. The form of Bright's disease known as the swollen or large 
white kidney is much more frequent among beer drinkers than any other 
class of people." 

Dr. W. T. Ridenour, during the war, surgeon of the Twelfth Ohio In- 
fantry, medical inspector of the Department of West Virginia, has resided 
in Toledo fourteen years, served as health officer, and been lecturer in the 
Toledo medical schools. The following is his testimony : 

"The first efTfect of the habitual use of beer is on the stomach, and is 
to greatly distend it. In a post-mortem examination a physician instantly 
recognizes a beer drinker's stomach by its greatly increased dimensions. 
The liver is the great laboratory, the workshop of the body. Any de- 
rangement of it means the derangement of all the rest of the vital ma- 
chinery. There can be no health anywhere when the liver is out of order. 
Beer drinking overloads it, clogs it up, producing congestion, and perma- 
nently cripples it. 

"One function of the liver is to separate from the blood excrementitious 
and efifete substances that should be thrown off through the kidneys in the 
urine. Naturally, when the working capacity of the liver is crippled, the 
salts — urea and the urates — are imperfectly elaborated and thrown into the 
blood and kidneys as uric acid, which is very irritating to those organs, 
and produces a long train of harmful sequelae. I have no doubt the rapid 
spread of Bright's disease is largely due to beer drinking. I have always 
believed that Bayard Taylor fell a victim to the German beer that he 
praised so highly. He died of Bright's disease at 50, when he should 
have lived, with his constitution, to a green old age. He went just as 
beer drinkers are going all the time and everywhere. 

"My first patient was a saloon keeper, as fine a looking man physically 
as I had ever seen — tall, well built, about 35, with clear eyes, florid com- 



147 

plexion, muscles well developed. He had an attack of pneumonia in the 
lower lobe of the right lung, a simple, well-defined case, which I regarded 
very hopefully. Doctors are confident of saving nineteen out of twenty 
such cases. I told my partner so in the evening. To my surprise he said 
quietly, 'He'll die.' I asked what made him think so. 'He is a beer 
drinker,' he answered. My patient began to recover from the attack on 
the lower lobe. Suddenly the disease lighted up in the middle lobe. 
Finally it attacked the other lung, and my patient succumbed. 

"Beer drinkers are peculiarly liable to die of pneumonia. Their vital 
power, their power of resistance, their 'vis medicatrix naturae/ is so low- 
ered that they are liable to drop off from any form of acute disease, such 
as fevers, pneumonia, etc. As a rule, when a beer drinker takes the pneu- 
monia he dies. 

"Beer drinking produces rheumatism by producing chronic congestion- 
and ultimately degeneration of the liver, thus interfering with its function 
by which the food is elaborated and fitted for the sustenance of the body^ 
and the refuse materials oxidized and made soluble for elimination by the 
kidneys, thus forcing the retention in the body of the excrementitious and 
dead matter I have spoken of. The presence of uric acid and other insolu- 
ble effete matters in the blood and tissues is one main cause of rheuma- 
tism." 

Dr. J. H. Curry, whose specialty is diseases of eye and ear, a successful 
practitioner many years, declined to discuss the general physiological ef- 
fects of beer and other intoxicants. "I cannot say that I know any strictly 
beer drinkers. No matter what they have begun upon, all the drinkers 
that I know drink whisky about as regularly as they do beer. The fact 
of a man being an habitual drinker is always regarded as a very bad fac- 
tor by every physician and surgeon in making a prognosis of the case. 

"Oculists have to contend with a disease that has been named "ambly- 
opia, potatorum,' or drunkard's blindness, which actually manifests itself 
as an atrophy of the optic nerve — a wasting away from want of nourish- 
ment. When this proceeds to a certain stage, the result is total, incurable 
blindness. 

"Soelberg Wells, one of the first authorities on eye diseases, says on 
amblyopia : 'This toxic effect may be produced by alcohol, tobacco, lead, 
or quinine. The amblyopia met with in drunkards (amblyopia potatorum) 
generally commences with the appearance of a mist or cloud before the 
eyes, which more or less surrounds and shrouds the object, rendering it 
hazy and indistinct. In some cases the impairment becomes so that only 
the largest print can be deciphered ; but the sight may be completely lost.' 

"Stellwagen on the Eye, another author of highest repute, says : 'By 
the complete giving up of alcoholics the disease may be brought to a stand- 
still and often cured.' " 

Dr. S. S. Lungren, a leading homoeopathic physician and surgeon, has 
practiced in Toledo twenty-five years. "It is difficult to find any part of 
the confirmed beer drinker's machinery that is doing its work as it should. 
This is Avhy their life cords snap off like glass rods when disease or acci- 
dent gives them a little blow. Beer drinking shortens life. This is not 



148 

a mere opinion ; it is a well settled, recognized fact. Physicians and in- 
surance companies accept this as unquestioningly as any other undisputed 
fact of science. The great English physicians decide that the heart's 
action is increased 13 per cent, in its efforts to throw off alcohol intro- 
duced into the circulation. The result is easily figured out. The natural 
pulse-beat is, say, 76 per minute. If we multiply this by 60 minutes in an 
hour, and 24 hours in a day, and add 13 per cent., we find that the heart 
has been compelled to do an extra work during that time in throwing off 
the burden of a few drinks (4.8 ounces of alcohol) equal to 15.5 tons 
lifted one foot high. 

"Alcohol causes a dilation of the superficial blood vessels, as it does of 
all of them, in fact. This gives the ruddy look. It is really an unhealthy 
congestion there and everywhere. Everywhere — heart; brain, stomach, 
liver, kidneys, lungs — it breaks down, weakens, enfeebles, and invites at- 
tacks of disease, and makes recovery from any attack or injury precarious 
and difficult. 

"The brain and its membranes suffer severely, and after irritation and 
inflammation comes dullness and stupidity. There is no question in my 
mind that many brain diseases and cases of insanity are caused by ex- 
cessive beer drinking. Everywhere it is degeneration, and the ruinous 
work is not confined to the notorious drinkers ; but every one must suffer 
just in proportion to the amount he or she drinks. He diminishes his 
present powers, shortens his life, and wrecks himself." 

Dr. J. T. Woods, three years United States surgeon, five years professor 
in Cleveland Medical College,, now chief surgeon of Wabash system of 
railroads, has practiced in Toledo sixteen years. He says : "I have never 
had reason to think that any beneficial results came from the use of beer 
:as a common drink ; but, on the contrary, it is slowly but positively detri- 
mental. Its indiscriminate use as a beverage produces the most damaging 
effects, as other drugs would do. I can conceive of no greater fallacy 
than that any active medicine can, even in small quantities, be used with 
impunity. It does not follow because we cannot measure results that 
there are none. 

"That beer is foreign to nature's demand is plainly evident. The whole 
organism at once sets about its removal. Every channel through which 
it can be got rid of is brought into play, and does not cease till the last 
trace is gone. Reaching a certain end depends only on the frequency of 
the repetition. The whole is made up of the parts ; every drink counts 
one. These 'ones' added together make the wreck ; to secure this result it 
is only necessary to make the single numbers sufficient. Each leaves its 
footprints in one way or another ; and the idea that, because you stop be- 
fore you stagger, the system takes no note of the damaging material you 
put into it is a ruinous delusion. That confirmed beer drinkers are espe- 
cially unpromising patients all practical surgeons agree." * * * * 

Dr. C. A. Kirkley, in constant practice in Toledo fifteen years, says : 
"I do not believe the healthy organism needs an artificial prop to sustain 
it. Depression below the standard of health always follows just in pro- 
portion as the system is stimulated above that standard. Its effect on nu- 



149 

trition, the nervous system, and the circulation must be injurious. * * * 
Every physician is familiar with cases in which nervous wear and tear in 
an active life has been kept up by stimulants without apparent loss of 
power for years. Bodily and mental vigor, however, suddenly fail. The 
repeated application of the stimulus that the exertion might be prolonged 
has really expended the power of the nervous system, and prepared him for 
more complete prostration. The temporary advantage was purchased at a 
great cost. The greater the expenditure of nervous power by the use of 
stimulants, the more complete the exhaustion. *=:=** On the other 
hand, the man who has abstained from alcoholic beverages, having over- 
taxed his nervous system, only needs a short period of rest and change 
for the renovation of his system and the recovery of mental and bodily 
vigor. My experience is that sickness is always more fatal in beer drink- 
ers, and serious accidents are usually fatal with them. 

"The effect of alcohol in producing disease and predisposing to it is 
perhaps greatest in tropical countries. x\s a general rule, the more un- 
healthy the locality the more do the inhabitants indulge in stimulants, 
either from the mistaken notion that they can better withstand the effects 
of the climate, or a disposition to make their short life a jolly one. Under 
its influence the mental powers are more inactive than the physical. 
There is hardly a single cause that operates more powerfully in the pro- 
duction of insanity ; and not only that, but it excites the action of other 
causes that may be present. 

"Plutarch says, 'One drunkard begets another ;' and Aristotle, 'Drunken 
women bring forth children like unto themselves.' A report was made to 
the legislature of Massachusetts, I think by Dr. Howe, on idiocy. He had 
learned the habits of the parents of 300 idiots, and 145, nearly half, are 
reported as known to be habitual drunkards, showing the enfeebled con- 
stitution of the children of drunkards. I have in mind an instance where 
children born to the mother, begotten when the father was intoxicated, all 
died within eight months of birth. They would have recovered, had they 
not had the enfeebled constitution inherited from their intemperate father. 
Instances are recorded where both parents were intoxicated at the time 
of conception, and the result was an idiot. There is not a doubt but that 
inebrity not only makes more destructive whatever taint may exist, but 
impairs the health and natural vigor for remote generations. 

"I believe that forty-nine out of fifty cases of chronic Bright's disease 
are directly produced by it. I have never met with a case in which the 
patient has not been intemperate to a greater or less degree. The pro- 
portion may be too high, but that is certainly my experience. Mr. Chris- 
tian, a celebrated author, states that three-fourths to four-fifths of the 
cases met with in Edinburgh were in habitual drunkenness." 

Dr. A. McFarland writes thus : "It is your stout old hero, who goes 
to bed every night with liquor enough under his belt to fuddle the brains 
of a half dozen ordinary men, and yet lives out his three-score and ten, 
that will be found at the head of the stock that pour into the world, gen- 
eration after generation, such a crop of lunatics, epileptics, eccentrics, and 
inebriates as we often see. The impunity with which one so constituted 



ISO 

will violate all physical law gets its set-off in a succeeding generation, 
when the great harvest begins. 

"That 'the iniquities of the fathers are visited upon the children;' that 
'the fathers have eaten sour grapes and the children's teeth are set on 
edge/ are truths that no Scripture is needed to teach. In other words, he 
who sins through physical excess does not do half the harm to himself 
that he does to tlie inheritors of his blood. The penalty must be paid as 
sure as there is seed time and harvest." 

The President of the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company — 
one of the oldest in the country — has for years been investigating the rela- 
tion of beer drinking to longevity ; or otherwise, whether beer drinkers 
are desirable risks to a life insurance company. 

He declared, as the result of a. series of observations carried on among 
a selected group of persons who were habitual drinkers of beer, that al- 
though for two or three years there was nothing remarkable, yet presently 
death began to strike, and then the mortality became astounding and uni- 
form in its manifestations. There was no mistaking it; the history was 
almost invariable ; robust, apparent health, full muscles, a fair outside, 
increasing weight, florid faces ; then a touch of cold or a sniff of malaria, 
and instantly some acute disease, with almost invariable typhoid symp- 
toms, was in violent action, and ten days or less ended it. 

It was as if the system had been kept fair on the outside, while within 
it was eaten to a shell, and at the first touch of disease there was utter 
collapse, every fiber was poisoned and weak. And this in its main fea- 
tures, varying in degree, has been his observation in beer drinking every- 
where. It is peculiarly deceptive at first; it is thoroughly destructive at 
the last. 



# '(f 

I Why the Prohibition Party Has Not Succeeded S 

I in Accomplishing Its Purpose* | 

^'? '(r 

# '"< 

'/?'/S^<S''<S''/S''/S*'A--'}S"'<<"'A'"'<V'"'/f''/«"'A-"'/V--'/<-'vr'/S"'/{-'/«-'<f"'/J-'/r'/«-'iS'">»^'/V^'/S''/{-'A--'A'" 

First. The Prohibition party is a political party, seeking political power, 
office and position, just the same as both the Democratic and Republican 
parties. For this reason the political leaders who run the political ma- 
chine of both parties are antagonistic to it, because of the rivalry, knowing 
that the spoils of office go wath the party in power. They use their in- 
fluence to destroy it. making it an impossibility for any other party to 
exist. 

Second. The reason that all those people who are strong partisans are 
opposed to its success is because they have some friends or relatives who 
have a good paying position in the government, and they use every influ- 
ence against the Prohibition party and speak disparagingly of it. 

Third. Another great hinderance is the lack of financial support. This 
is due to the motives of those who are interested or acting as its benefac- 
tors, believing that they are doing philanthropic work, and the greater the 
efforts on the part of the Prohibition party to push the principles of the 
political party, the larger amount of money is needed by those who are 
in the liquor business to prevent their business from being destroyed. It 
therefore makes it necessary for those who are in the liquor business to 
give money to the party that will perpetuate their business, and for this 
reason there has been no advancement for the Prohibition party. 

Fourth. Some people believe that if any of the other political parties 
should be elected to power, and if they did not belong to it, their business 
would be injured and they would be affected commercially by the political 
change. 

Fifth. Because most of the members of the Prohibition party were at 
one time members of either the Democratic or Republican parties ; they 
are subjected to an unusual amount of persuasion and importuning to 
give their support at this time and use such arguments as would throw 
your vote away and say that prohibition is impracticable. The party can 
never win, and because of the friendship and the desire to be on the win- 
ning side, the voter seems to forget his conscience as to the righteousness 
of the principles of the Prohibition party and needs to realize that prin- 
ciples do not change ; and forgetting that he voted for the principles be- 
cause he believed them right, and that he should not yield to political ex- 
citement. Because of this there are 100,000 voters who backslide from 
their true convictions at every election. 

151 



152 

The organizers of the Prohibition party made a mistake by the adop- 
tion of woman suffrage as an issue. It impressed the public that there 
were other motives connected with the party than the abolition of the 
liquor traffic, and because of this issue, it caused contention among many 
of its supporters, and also raised the question of the advisability of adopt- 
ing the same, giving the full right of franchise with qualification, giving 
the impression of those who were favorably inclined towards the Pro- 
hibitionists. Every one was led to believe that there was not a singleness 
of purpose in the party giving the pre-eminent motive in favor of women 
suffrage ; that there was not enough merit in the Prohibition party to 
draw voters to it, and they had resorted to woman's suffrage to help build 
up the party. 

It appears as though the act was a case of impulse instead of reason to 
the expediency of its adoption. Solomon says, "There is time for all 
things," would have been wise to have made restrictions regarding the 
right of franchise and their qualifications, giving them the right to vote 
on all moral questions, also pertaining to the school, voting on the prin- 
ciple known as the referendum, as giving them full power without knowl- 
edge is dangerous, as the enemy might use it to our disadvantage, which is 
likened to our present condition in the right of franchise. 

Another mistake was made when the party tried to adopt the silver 
issue, and divided on it, and organized another party. Because of this, it 
lost the confidence of the whole worlds and it appeared as if the Prohibi- 
tionists had sold out for the almighty dollar, because many who had 
caused the division of the party were interested in silver mines. This 
act proves the fact that money controls the larger part of the human race 
in this period of the world's history, and they attempted to make a silver 
calf in imitation of the Republican gold standard. It is very evident that 
they did not possess the spirit of the Hebrew children or of Daniel of the 
Bible times, or else it was a case where we did not see ourselves as others 
see us. 

Sixth. Many of the leaders lacked tact and diplomacy in their endeavor 
to win the voters to their side. Many of them have failed to act in a 
business-like way by trying to enthuse the voters regarding the merits of 
its principles on the economical line, and of the great benefits it would 
be commercially to the business world; and some who have acted injudi- 
ciously in business matters and consequently have lost the confidence of 
the public, thereby seriously affecting the progress of the Prohibition 
party. 

I believe the leaders of the Prohibition party made a great mistake in 
adopting "Prohibition" as the name of the party. The word "Prohibi- 
tion" is obnoxious and repellant to all those who favor liberty, and it is 
distasteful to many good citizens. Many people have a pride in self- gov- 
ernment. "Prohibition" to them is contrary to all ideas of liberty. The 
name "Prohibition" indicates a complete stoppage of all kinds of sale in 
liquors. The masses accept this in the literal sense, and the party fails to 
enlighten them as to its full meaning; whereas, the intention of the party 
is to prevent the licensing of the sale of liquor as a beverage. The party 



153 

fails to inform the public that liquor could be procured for medicinal and 
mechanical purposes. The masses understand that the whole principle is 
involved in the v^^ord "Prohibition" as it defines itself, and they believe 
that there is no more information to be obtained. The prohibitory fea- 
ture prevents many church members from taking an active part in political 
contests because of the moral principle claimed by the party. 

The principles of the church are prohibitory, and many people exclaim : 
"Religion and politics v^ill not mix." It also restrains many ministers 
from preaching about the evils of intemperance because they are compelled 
to use the name of a political party, and in so doing would antagonize some 
of the members who belong to other political parties. This has aided in 
retarding the advancement of the party as above mentioned. And it 
would seem as if the church were trying to build a party of its own, and 
this causes it to fail in getting the co-operation of the members of the 
various Protestant Churches, and also the support of non-church mem- 
bers, because it has the appearance of being a religious party, and ta 
identify themselves with the Prohibition party, they would feel that they 
are humbling themselves. 

If they had separated the name of the prohibition issue, then all people 
would be disposed to advance moral principles, because we would not be 
forced to mention the name of a political party to do it. I have endeav- 
ored to briefly show that the reason we have not succeeded as a party was 
for the want of leadership and a proper name. 



I Why I am a Democrat* | 

I Why I am a Republican* | 

I Why I am a Prohibitionist. | 

WHY I AM A DEMOCRAT. 

As man reasons on all other matters pertaining to his own personal 
•business, it is equally important that he should consider his personal re- 
-sponsibility in political matters. The outcome of all reasoning is man's 
personal loyalty to that party which best represents his convictions. 

In accordance with business principles, a man's vote is supposed to rep- 
resent what is best for his own interests, and he should be qualified and 
ready to express his reasons for doing thus and so. 

This should apply to every voter. If he cannot give any intelligent 
reason why he votes a Democratic, Republican or Prohibition ticket, he 
■disqualifies himself by that fact. F-or example : Suppose that you should 
select three men as a committee to build a bridge, and they should differ 
regarding its foundation, which is the most important part of structure for 
safety of public travel. In all reason, should not the committee be dis- 
charged as being unqualified? On this principle, if the larger part of the 
voters do not have sufficient reason for supporting a political party, will 
not the foundation of the government be endangered by supporting one 
•certain party? 

In a business way, we adopt measures to suit conditions, knowing 
that it is to our best interests so to do ; but in political matters we have 
such a cosmopolitan nation and a republican form of government that re- 
quires much greater need of the voter knowing why he is a Democrat, 
Republican, or Prohibitionist. I would name other political parties, but 
they are merely shadows when compared to these three. 

In order to assist the voters of these parties to reason, the first requisite 
is to ask oneself what the party to which he belongs is doing for him, 
just as an individual would ask his friend what he is doing. 

You must remember that the man for whom you vote is only a friend 
in office transacting business for your interests. 

Another requisite for the voter to consider is the difference between 
wilful neglect to do their duty on the part of those who are elected to 
office, or whether it is a mistake, or an error in judgment, as it is said, 
*'To err is human." If the mistakes which they had made are through 
•an error in judgment, then we, as voters, should have charity, and not 

154 



iSS 

•encourage them in being neglectful, because their mistakes will be made 
more frequently, but they must remedy them and act the part of wise 
men and profit by their former mistakes. 

But the voter should never encourage any political party to which he 
may belong to continue to have those in power who wilfully neglect to do 
their duty for the betterment of mankind. If he does, he is condoning the 
offence and helping to elect to office, year after year, a party to a crime. 

This is so — first, by his sanction and approval in giving his vote to en- 
couraging those whom he has helped to elect regardless of their continued 
neglect to discharge their duties which they have taken oath to perform 
faithfully. A person's vote determines the political party to which he be- 
longs until he votes for some other party, then if you can give sufficient 
reason for supporting either the Democratic or Republican parties, well 
and good ; but if you cannot, you must vote for one or the other through 
force of habit, and if not, there has been some other influence brought to 
bear upon you by the party whom you are supporting. And you do not 
take time to reason as to why you were influenced to do so. 

In order to help the voter to answer why he belongs to a given political 
party, knowing that he may be subject to certain environments that may 
cause him not to be able to think correctly, he lets prejudice or desire con- 
trol his better judgment. 

He must always reason that the party out of power is trying to get in 
•on the wrong-doings of the party in power. If Robert Ingersoll had the 
audacity to lecture for money on "The Mistakes of Moses," the greatest 
law-giver of the world's history, you may rest assured that a politician 
will do something equally as bad to accomplish his purpose. 

This is a similar case to a man who had been running for a political 
office, and it was reported that he had stolen a pig, and he wished to with- 
^draw from the ticket. But his friends advised him not to do this, as it 
was only a political story and would soon die out. He said they could 
prove it. Then one of his friends asked him if it was alive. "No, it was 
•dead." "Then," he said, "it was pork." 

It is just the same when one enters the arena of politics. Things are 
called by different names. A spade should be called a spade. Then let 
the spade be used by all political parties to uncover corruption in politics, 
and also to give honor to those to whom honor is due. 

As for the honors of the Prohibition party, there have never been any. 
They have never yet been elected to power, and they cannot be commended 
or condoned. They are simply waiting for the power of necessity to elect 
them to political positions. This power of necessity has accomplished 
more for the elevation of mankind than all other forces known in the his- 
■tory of the human race. 

In political matters it takes the greatest extremes for the people to act, 
which might be illustrated by the old maid who was so extremely de- 
:sirous of securing a husband, and was advised that others had been di- 
rected by the Lord in finding the right man by going to a certain tree to 
-pray. It so happened there was an owl perched on the tree, and being 
.somewhat disturbed by the earnestness of her prayer, he gave one of his 



156 

customary sounds, "Who ! who !" Thinking that it was the voice of the 
Lord in answer to her prayer, she replied, "I'm not particular, anybody, 
just so it's a man." 

If there should be any voters of either party who have been praying, 
they might have been directed aright and have been mistaken by the 
"Who" of the Republican and Democratic owl instead of an answer from 
the Lord. They might not have to live to be very old to become ex- 
tremely anxious for the Lord to send some political party to destroy the 
evil effects produced by the 250,000 saloons, which have largely sprung 
into operation since the Civil War. 

To classify the voter in his respective party the same as all other dis- 
tinctions, I would say: If a person would unite himself with a certain 
church, he would be classed as a member of such. If he joins some secret 
order, he is classed with such,' and he supports the same, believing in 
their principles. As this is true, it is natural to suppose that the person 
who supports a certain party by his vote believes in its principles, and 
belongs to it for what it represents, knowing that he has a choice of other 
parties. 

To revive and refresh our minds of the past doings of the Democratic 
party, it has but little to commend itself to the public in the way of wise 
statesmanship and bettering of the people, or in the increase of population 
by its free trade principles. Its policy has also been more in favor of 
increasing the slave trade than any other branch of industry, and because 
of this evil the management of state and national affairs became a bone 
of contention. This evil continued to grow until it became the cause of 
the Civil War. Since that time they have not had control in national 
affairs, except for two terms. During that administration they had ex- 
ceptional opportunities to show and prove their ability in the management 
of national affairs, when they had full control of Congress. But they 
proved themselves incompetent to meet the needs of the public. 



WHY I AM A REPUBLICAN. 

The recent election in 1904 verifies this statement. If you consider the 
present conditions, it can readily be perceived that we are fast becoming 
a monarchial government, in principle, if not in name. When there are 
such demonstrations of approval given to a party that has the greatest 
evils connected with its administrations,! it is sure of becoming more arro- 
gant, and defiant to the best interests and the will of its people. The 
cause of such arrogance is the desire for political supremacy. These de- 
sires were put into execution with the result that war ensued. By their 
determined arrogance they carried such into execution against their better 
judgment. While we can forgive, we cannot forget the mistakes the Re- 
publican party has made during its entire administration. 

Those who are Republicans do not see themselves as others see them,. 



157 

or else they would see a need of keeping up a political party in accordance 
with a Republican form of government. 

The answer to "Why I am a Republican?" as I have said, it is what a 
man does for you to draw you to him. The same will apply to a political 
party. I will review the past. The first great national horror was the 
Civil War, destroying the lives of about 500,000 and causing a national 
debt of over $2,000,000,000. No doubt the war could have been averted 
by purchasing the freedom of the slaves. By so doing, this would have 
prevented the granting of a franchise to the colored race without restric- 
tion and would have avoided the race problem. 

This act was done in the interest of and to strengthen the Republican 
party — that it might continue in power. Because of such legislation they 
practically went into the liquor business when they agreed to raise the 
revenue from that source and fasten the liquor traffic on the nation. 

The need of revenue to continue the war gave an excuse to license 
saloons, and the evil resulting from them has been ten times more dis- 
astrous to the American people than the Civil War, which only lasted four 
years. The liquor business has lasted forty years,, and this is as a result 
of our Government first entering into partnership with it. They have 
further sought to make a foreign market for it and export it to the heathen 
nations, to Alaska and to the Philippine Islands. Therefore, the Republi- 
can party must have (if there be honors in this traffic,, it is due them), as 
they have had for twenty-four years an uninterrupted control of national 
affairs. 

The war with Cuba, for all the good that has resulted to the Cubans, 

produced no direct benefits, and it is doubtful if the people of Cuba are 

capable of self-government. It may lead to insurrection among its natives. 

The war with the Philippines might have been averted by paying the 

natives $20,000,000, instead of paying it to Spain. 

The government of Manila is a disgrace to any nation because of the 
vices permitted and sanctioned by the Republican party or President Roose- 
velt, when they have power to prevent this by refusing the licensing of 
3,000 saloons. By the war with the Philippines the loss of life was at 
least 150,000, and the cost to our Government in net cash was $500,000,000. 
This war would never have occurred if it was not for the supposed min- 
eral wealth the islands possessed. The trusts would not have been allowed 
to exist if the Republican party had not chosen to protect them. 

It is evident that the Republican party is favorable to trusts, and as the 
liquor traffic has a large amount of money they can control they feel as- 
sured that while they favor them they will spend their money to help in 
their re-election, and because of the large amount of money received from 
the revenue of liquor and tobacco; they spend money recklessly and in ap- 
propriating for war measures. 

While such resources of revenue exist they will become more reckless 
in the management of finances, and instead of forming trusts themselves 
by going into partnership with the liquor traffic, they should legislate 
against them, and deal with them as the law would with a person guilty 
of usury. (Usury is charging an unlawful interest.) They themselves 



158 

boast of the great prosperity of the country as being due to their manage- 
ment in political affairs. 

The tariff question they have learned, at the expense of Democratic 
folly, as one man learns wisdom by the indiscretion of another. This is 
why the tariff has become a "back number" and fails to inspire the voter, 
because the majority of the people have sense enough to protect them- 
selves. 

The tariff being a dead issue, they got up a gold standard to off-set the 
Democratic silver craze — 16 to i. 

Any school boy should know that all things having value governs the 
price by its sufficiency, whether it be labor or any other commodity, un- 
less it be controlled by trusts. All things purchased are governed by the 
amount of labor required to produce it. As it is very evident that all the 
gold that has been coined has cost its value in labor, and for this reason 
it would be impossible to force a standard. 

The success of the Republican party is likened to a business that was 
established by the father, and when the prosperity increased they forgot 
to realize that the foundation of the business was largely laid before they 
existed. 

The prosperity and wealth of our nation is due to the fact that God 
placed in the earth not only gold, silver and iron, but the coal with which 
to manufacture these materials into serviceable commodities ; therefore 
we should not abuse these privileges by permitting a monoply of the coal 
mines at starvation wages to the working man by not granting the reason- 
able requests of the mining hampering business and leaving in distress 
thousands of poor families, subjecting them to the bad effects resulting 
from strikes that necessitate the calling out of an army to force the oper- 
ators to yield. 

It is the case of a father driving his own son to measures by threats, as 
the Government is the father of trusts ; but with the liquor traffic the son 
has the best of the situation. The father has the goods. He gets the 
farmer to grow the grain. He cannot well dictate by the standing army 
when his son will take the grain and manufacture the wheat and corn 
and convert it into a liquid, killing 100,000 annually. 

Besides all the other sorrows and miseries which are due to a Re- 
publican administration, this action has resulted in a far worse evil than 
the traffic in negro slaves connected with the Democratic party. 

History tells us when the Republican party decided to raise revenue 
from the liquor business, Abraham Lincoln said: "If we do that, we 
shall fasten the liquor traffic on the nation, which will be a greater curse 
than slavery ever was." But while he saw this evil, the extreme need of 
raising money secured his consent against his better judgment. 

Lincoln started to raise money aright for the carrying on of the war 
when he authorized the issuing of the $350,000,000 in greenbacks; but for 
the lack of proper men to legislate for the best financial interests of our 
country, our financial system fell into the hands of money monopoly 
through the aid of Congress, and sent all the dividends of the Govern- 



159 

ment into the hands of a few, giving special privileges to those holding: 
Government bonds to form national banks. 

Instead of the Government issuing her own money, she gave that privi- 
lege to the various national banks. Instead of the banks being compelled 
to borrow money from the Government,, the Government borrowed money 
from other banks and paid interest on it to the amount of the bonds. If 
instead of the Government paying the interest she had continued as Lin- 
coln began to raise money for war expenditures, it would have prevented 
the money monopoly compelling the people and the Government going to 
the banks to procure money. As the Government had power, the con- 
fidence and the ability to pay her debts for the wealth of the whole na- 
tion was its security. 

The Government might have loaned out money and secured an annual 
interest, and the interest from the borrower would have brought in 
enough to pay all her incidental expenses, and, in time, would have paid 
the national debt, as interest doubles itself every twelve years. Then the 
Republican party would have been doing a legitimate business. As it is 
now, the people are paying tax on liquor, coffee, teas, tobacco and whiskey, 
and the consumers are compelled to pay 50 per cent, more on all tobacca 
consumed, and on whiskey about 150 per cent. 

Users of tobacco and liquor are being compelled to pay about double 
what they should, as alcohol can be manufactured for about 15 cents a 
gallon. And at the price it is now, the thousands that use it in various 
ways for the arts, chemistry, as preservatives for medicinal purposes are 
compelled to pay an exorbitant price, $2.50 per gallon. 

Germany, England and other nations exempt from tax all people who 
use it for those purposes. It is unjust to compel manufacturers to pay 
this excessive revenue tax. It is also unjust that the thousands who have 
become unfortunate and contracted the tobacco habit and the whiskey 
habit should pay this large expense of the legal Government, when some 
persons may have their wealth in personal property or in Government 
bonds and go free. 

Thousands who are using the so-called "luxuries" and belong to the 
G. O. P. should be interested in that party in the removal of this tax, as 
it is compelling them to pay a two-fold price. 

The Government has secured all the money needed for the running of 
the expenses by the issuing of greenbacks. As there was no question as 
to the security of the Government during the war, there would have been 
much debt less now, and if her paper money was not good, her bond 
would not have been as it was, all based on the promise to pay, and the 
Government paper would be the same as with any person who has a 
good reputation backed by a good collateral, and the money drawing in- 
terest all the time. 

It is plain to understand why the Republican party did not continue this 
greenback money system. There is no doubt that some of the persons 
belonging to the G. O. P. held bonds, and by this system of starting na- 
tional banks they became the stockholders in the bank and drew interest 
on their bonds. 



i6o 

By this money transaction the Republican party has favored and en- 
'couraged the concentration of money in the hands of a few until this con- 
-centration of the money power became alarming, spreading out in every 
way possible until the wealth of the country is now held by one hundred 
and fifty millionaires, with wealth ranging from one million to one hun- 
dred million dollars. The gain comes from the people ; and so the poor 
are getting poorer and the rich richer, all due to the Republican adminis- 
tration. 



WHY I AM A PROHIBITIONIST. 

Dr. C. A. Crane outlines some sane reasons — knotty points to answer : 

1. Because a license party does not represent my convictions or my 
views. My party is my agent, representative and servant in the adminis- 
tration of government. What I do by my party, I do by myself. If my 
agent licenses saloons, so do I. 

2. Because license is a system of consent to a wicked thing — the drunk- 
ard factory and the vice factory, for a price paid in hand. When I con- 
sent to it, it becomes mine morally. 

3. Because license means the continuance of the saloon. To this I 
■cannot consent. To this I do consent when I vote with a political party 
committed to the license policy. 

4. Because I refuse to confuse "abolition of the drink habit" with "pro- 
"hibition of the licensed traffic." The Prohibition party is not after the 
drink habit. It seeks to take away the protection of the saloon by the 
"law. Without this protection the saloon would be an outlaw — what it 
ought to be. 

5. Because there is nothing in morals or psychology which makes it right 
for me to vote against license when that is the only question — and vote 
for license when it is combined with other questions. 

6. Because votes are the only language law-makers and politicians can 
"hear. To them all other languages are dead. 

7. Because all territory is by right prohibition territory. The saloon 
would not be among us except as an outlaw — like a thief — if it were not 
for license parties. This disposes of that well-worn political heresy 
w^hich declares that all we have of prohibition has come from the two 
great dominant parties. The fact is that all we have of the legalized 
saloon has come through them, and the inherent right of the people to 
prohibition territory has by them been denied. The United States Su- 
preme Court has decided that no one has an inherent right to sell intoxi- 
cants. 

8. Because license is the only thing that prevents prohibition from be- 
coming an existing fact. It is the strong, high tower whereunto the liquor 
traffic doth continually resort, a present help in its every time of need. 
If the license system were not in vogue, the rum business would be 
thrown into the sea by the people within six months, and the remnants 
would be but outlaws and refugees. 



i6l 

9. Because my party stands for principle. Let either of the two great 
bulky parties name a great principle upon which they are separated. In 
State and National affairs it is the same. In Massachusetts lately it was 
a fight of personalities. Such a fight should not appeal to men of brains 
and conscience. For what principle did any one of the supporters of 
these two great parties vote? They threw away their votes for men who 
stood for no particular principle. 

ID. Because I repudiate the generally-accepted idea that a voter should 
ally himself with a party that has a chance of immediate success at the 
polls if he would have his vote count. This idea is the cardinal tenet of 
the faith of the demagogue and partisan, and it is foreign to the real in- 
tent and purpose and use of the ballot. It is not my duty to win elec- 
tions. Why? Because I cannot. That result is contingent upon the ac- 
tions of other voters. It is my duty to vote my views and convictions. 
When I seek after the winnetr in elections, I am quite sure to go with the 
multitude to do evil. 

11. Because the license system is a national crime and a national curse. 
The two great parties refuse to permit me to speak on this matter through 
them, therefore I speak through the only political channel open for my 
convictions to find expression. 

12. Because while the dommant parties grant local option with the law 
of the State they give license to sell in the same territory by the national 
law. The party which has permitted prohibition in Maine through State 
law, gives a United States license to sell in that State. Not only so, but 
it runs an illegal bar at East Togus, Maine, and at Fort Leavenworth, 
Kansas. This is using the arm of the nation to nullify and discredit the 
law of the State. 

13. Because the church of which I am proud to be a member — the 
Methodist Episcopal — in her supreme court and her legislature in 1892 
and 1900, said : "No political party has a right to expect, nor ought it to 
receive, the support of Christian men, so long as it stands committed to 
the license policy or refuses to put itself on record in an attitude of open 
hostility to the saloon." And also, because it endorsed the utterance of 
its bishops when they said, "The liquor traffic can never be legalized with- 
out sin." 

14. Because this question is greater than any other three now before 
the public. Counting men, money or morals, and it involves more than 
any question ever before our people. 

More than a billion dollars will be worse than wasted by this business 
this year. By it 100,000 men will be sent to hell this year. And in morals, 
nothing can so debauch the public conscience as consenting to vice for a 
fee. 

15. Because I vote for what William Windom, late Secretary of the 
Treasury, declared when he said : "Considered socially, financially, po- 
litically or morally, the licensed liquor traffic is, or ought to be, the over- 
whelming issue in American politics. The destruction of this iniquity 
stands next on the world's calendar." 

16. Because the charge that I am working with the Democrats to defeat 

II 



i62 

the Republicans, when the latter are in power. Being opposed to both 
these parties, I must of necessity be opposed to each of them. This is to 
my credit. 

17. Because "The saloon has come to stay" is balanced by the fact that 
His Satanic Majesty has likewise come to stay. Shall preachers, priests 
and the church, therefore, abandon their work? 

18. Because the licensed liquor traffic is here in violation of the econ- 
omic law of supply and demand. It confesses this when it pays exorbitant 
license fees, and we are impressed by the same fact when we remember 
that most of our trouble comes from the supply and not the demand. The 
seller is the one who is a political power — who is a law-breaker, and who 
is the pusher of the business. There is a demand, but it is created by the 
supply. The demand is artificial and is better denied than supplied. 

19. Because this is a political question and I must be in politics if I am 
to touch it. And here I endorse the words of Bishop Haven, of blessed 
memory, when he spoke of slavery : "It is one of the devices of Satan, by 
which he seeks to harden your hearts against the truth and make you deaf 
to your duty against the greatest sin of any age — that the servant of Christ 
must not expose it, because, forsooth, it has compelled a political party to 
become its most active slave. What is this consecrated politics that is 
beyond the reach of the Word of God and too sacred to be condemned by 
Him? Away with such blasphemous folly. I ask no pardon for entering 
this arena, nor should you." 

Because to vote other than a Prohibition ticket I would insult my con- 
science and disgrace my reason. To vote for a party that did not have the 
principles to destroy the liquor traffic I would be making myself a party 
to a crime, and it would appear as if I intended to improve on Christ's 
teachings. If I voted for a party that has issues which are morally wrong, 
and the same be licensed, would it not be as consistent to license one or all 
of the Ten Commandments, as they are all moral questions ? 

Because I am compelled to submit my interest in the management of 
Government, State, and municipal affairs to the judgment of men who im- 
bibe in alcoholic liquors, and no wise citizen would select such a person to 
settle his own estate. 

Because such a large percentage of people indulge in strong drinks, and 
I should have a case in court, I would hesitate in leaving the question of 
judgment to the twelve men, because many of them imbibe in alcoholic 
liquors and their mental powers are affected whether under the influence 
or not, because I would be fearful in receiving a just verdict, and if I 
should attempt to challenge them because of this supposed deficiency, I 
would be unable to secure a jury to try my case, or else subject myself to 
the mercy of men who might be influenced because of the defiance of self- 
interest, which should be challenged and I could not, because there 
wouldn't be sufficient majority of total abstainers to make up the full 
panelled jury; therefore, I would be denied of my right for a fair trial, as 
I would be prohibited from my endeavors to influence the sheriff to draw 
a select jury for my case; and for the same reason I would object to a 



i63 

person voting at any election where its decision of the sale of liquor de- 
pended on the majority of votes, as those who have become victims 
through the indulgence, the stomach controls the brain, and is likened to 
Esaw, who sold out his birth for a mess of pottage, and because oi tl.is 
condition he is subject to the temptation of a portion of the $75,000 that 
was distributed among the different persons in the recent Los Angeles 
case, when the local option contest was waged. 

Because I believe in home protecting business, as every man's home is 
his business, and if I should lose $1,000 or more, directly or indirectly, be- 
cause of those who use alcohol, and I vote for either the Democratic or 
Republican party, and because of their licensing principles, caused me to 
lose it, and if I should continue to support them by my vote I would be 
fearful of some one questioning the sanity of my mental condition, and be 
subject to a test which is used in the insane asylums, by placing a person 
in a tank and turning on the spigot, to see if he had reason enough to 
turn it off. 

For an example, take the recent Los Angeles, Cal., defeat. The enemy 
knows that every defeat of the temperance forces strengthens them (the 
liquor traffic) by the discouraging old saying, "You can't do it," and per- 
haps for this reason Los Angeles was selected, and they being wiser than 
the temperance forces, as they will be willing to gamble, as to results and 
let the Legislature grant the right to vote on local option, as the people of 
Los Angeles are no different from any other people in the United States, 
and they would sell out for the almighty dollar, and believing that history 
will repeat itself when under the same conditions. There are many people 
in Los Angdes whose ^velihood depends on the tourists, and as the place 
had been successful as a winter resort, many of the residents did not dare 
to vote for local option because of this named influence. I have no doubt 
it saved the liquor brewers' association $75,000, as it would have taken 
$75,000 more to have bought those who thought to the contrary. Here is 
a little incident to prove this selling out of principles for the almighty 
dollar. About twelve years ago New Jersey received permission from the 
Legislature to vote local option, and to their surprise five counties out of 
six went for local option. The sixth county was Cape May, which, like 
Los Angeles, received its support from the tourists. The farmers and the 
citizens who feared that they would lose the sale of a few chickens or 
truck voted against the local option. 

This experiment proved that under favorable circumstances the majority 
of the people will vote to protect themselves, unless they are bought. It 
was also a great educator for the liquor traffic, knowing that it was cheaper 
to buy the Legislature than its people. After the test in New Jersey, and 
seeing the condition of the State, and in order to prevent Camden county 
from voting, they raised the question whether one-tenth of all those who 
had signed the petition were legal voters, and sent out a committee to the 
clerk's office to ascertain the same. During the long stay some one made 
a motion to adjourn, and it was carried. This meant death to the local 
option as the time had expired, and the following winter the Legislature 
repealed this local option bill. Since then the opportunity had never been 



164 

repeated, and all such rights have been denied, and I feel confident that 
you could not have secured the consent of the Legislature of any other 
State, except California, to vote on this question. This proves the neces- 
sity of the government controlling the liquor business and the whole na- 
tion voting on it at one time on the referendum principle as Sibley's bill. 
By this means we might secure local option, as it would bankrupt the liquor 
traffic, and they could not buy all the votes in the United States at one 
time to defeat the bill. I would advise the Los Angeles people to have 
another vote on the question. But before doing so come to New Jersey 
and learn that all seashore resorts that prohibit the sale of liquor are the 
most prosperous, and they will therefore not be called upon to pass any 
insults on their tourist patrons by saying that the prohibition of the sale 
of liquor would be a hinderance to their coming. The writer was in Cali- 
fornia for several months, and during his entire stay had no desire what- 
ever for any liquor. The above condition has proven the work of the anti- 
saloon can only be compared to taking ducks' eggs and hatching them out 
under a hen, and it will never change the nature because of the so-called 
:mother; neither will it change the condition by hatching out the eggs that 
were laid by the other hen by having them hatched out in a republican 
incubator. By so doing, you kill the prohibition goose that laid the golden 
.egg in your haste to accomplish your purpose. Thereby you have done, 
unthoughtedly, what the liquor traffic wanted you to do — knowing they 
.can secure what they want from Democrats or Republicans — and instead 
•of helping David to sling the pebble that they might slay Goliah, you are 
helping the giant. It will be many years before they will be allowed the 
right to vote on this question, and the defeat is a greater hinderance to 
the advancement of prohibition, and if the anti-saloon is censor in this 
.endeavor is when they are buying a gold brick. 



It 'a' 

S Is the World Growing Better? | 

t t 

A-A^'A--'A--'A--'A-''A-"'A--'A--'A--'A--'A--'A-''A--'A--'A--'A--'A-''/S"'>f~»\-''<C--A-'-/S"'A--^\->'A--'A'-^^ 

This question is discussed by many for two reasons. First. Human 
nature has never changed, even when certain conditions present them- 
selves to the mind. The sight, the feelings of imagination, in vengeance, 
sorrow or joy, is the same in their desire for satisfaction. Because of 
these facts, the world has never given greater opportunities for man to 
satisfy the passions and desires of his nature than at the present time, 
and by his environments likened to the city of Galeo of Bible times, and 
these conditions have been made through the invention of man, and this 
wickedness will destroy any nation if it is encouraged. 

And because the dives and places to lure pleasure-seekers are so numer- 
ous they not only produce an effect at the time, but may affect the per- 
son for days, weeks or years. Because of the facilities of finding such 
resorts, the attraction of the home is lessened, attendance upon church 
is neglected, which is supposed to be a place where man's spiritual nature 
will be renewed and he made a better citizen. 

The facilities for traveling in this present age has a tendency to make 
the Sabbath a day of desecration and carousal. By advocating the open- 
ing of saloons at certain hours on the Sabbath, an act approved of by 
some who would be classed as good citizens, besides the many church 
members who are very indifferent as to the preservation of the Sabbath 
far more so than men were twenty years ago. When the church fails to 
act as an agency for good, and many of its members rather stay at home 
reading the Sunday newspapers, and many thousands would go to church 
if it were not for the Sunday paper ; because of the demands and excuses 
given by different nationalities for an open Sunday, we as a nation are 
destroying the sap-root, which is the essential thing in preventing the 
wickedness that will destroy any nation if it is encouraged. 

The Sabbath was designed by God for a day of rest and worship; then 
for a person like Robert Ingersoll to make himself ridiculous in lecturing 
on "The Mistakes of Moses" (price for the same, $0.50 per head), and by 
so doing rob humanity of the hope of a happier life by such sophistry and 
infidelity, leaving a doubt of future existence. 

Because of this influence, thousands lead a prodigal life who never 
would have done so. The belief in a future punishment or a happier life 
in the future has much to do with restraining a person from doing a 
wrong act and committing various crimes. It influences some as the 
thought of a prison is a terror to evil-doers. It also has another effect on 

i6s 



1 66 

the dissipated, or those who have become unfortunate by their own wrong- 
doings ; some are tempted to commit suicide, as Ingersoll's writings fa- 
vored such deeds. 

The Scripture says, "As a man thinketh in his heart, so is he." Be- 
cause of wrong thinking, it has created in those who hold office a disposi- 
tion to exercise power and a refusal to make laws preventing their fellow- 
men from going from bad to worse, and the public officials are so lax is 
the enforcement of the laws, really give encouragement to evil-doers. 
Possibly if a person is inclined to be optimistic, the world is growing 
better. 

By reading the statistics of the number of murders and suicides, the 
number of divorce cases, the number of those in jails and penitentaries, 
the reader recalls as many more who are out running around but who 
deserve to be in prison. To prove the same, I will insert a clipping from 
this morning's North American : 

"Eighty girls and many gamblers taken in by Tenderloin raid." 

"White slave dens are swept in city's greatest clean-up. 150 caught in 
net. Sixty Law and Order agents descend upon fifteen houses. Gibboney 
in command. Alarm spreads like wildfire and other criminals flee." 

"Allied forces of civic decency and good government last night swept 
the Tenderloin bare of its white slaves and gamblers, and of male crea- 
tures who traffic in women." 

"Fifteen houses were raided before the alarm spread, and about one 
hundred and fifty prisoners were taken, of whom more than eighty were 
girls and young women. The raid was under the personal direction of 
D. Clarence Gibboney, secretary of the Law and Order Society. With 
this organization were associated several Jewish societies, whose work is 
among the poorer classes. Various men and prominent women in civic 
affairs contributed funds to make the raid a success. There were sixty 
agents of the Law and Order Society and constables in the raiding party. 
Many of the constables came from towns outside the city." 

Owing to the lack of space I will not insert more of these, but will leave 
the reader to imagine the remaining parts. 

I think that if the person who is inclined to be optimistic will read and 
refresh his mind regarding the past and present conditions of affairs, 
will become pessimistic. Because of a certain social custom, the young 
people seek to imitate their elders, and the neglect of proper home-train- 
ing on the part of the parents and their example is having a deteriorating 
effect on the nation. As David said in his prayer, "We are all prone to 
evil as the sparks are to fly upward." 

By making evil impressions and opportunities for the present and com- 
ing generation, we naturally grow worse. If this is not so, why do the 
better class^f people try to counteract the evils by building a Y. M. C. A., 
churches, reform missions, law and order societies, and a W. C. T. U,, 
etc., if not to prevent a growing evil? All such institutions are created 
to prevent the increasing evil. Why does evil grow and increase at a 
faster rate than the population? It is largely due to the inconsistency of 



i67 

examples and acts of the ministry of various churches ; because of the lack 
of zeal and courage to preach or vote against such evils. 

When the world sees a large structure with a steeple pointing heaven- 
ward as a monument of Christ and his teachings, and the official board 
acting and doing things contrary to such teachings ; when England and 
the United States, the two greatest representative Christian nations, cause 
war to be perpetrated and then consent by government authority to the 
importation of liquors to heathen nations, the whole structure which was 
intended to represent Christ's Kingdom becomes no more in the eye of 
the worldly masses than a white sepulchre full of dead men's bones. Be- 
cause of this, the church is losing her power, and under such influences 
man will retrograde. And because of the centralization of the money 
power in forms of trusts, it is injuring those connected with them as the 
possession of wealth has much to do with many in making worse citizens 
than if they did not possess the wealth. 

This centralization of money power makes strife between capital and 
labor, and in forming a trust of their labor, those who are compelled to 
purchase such goods are controlled by the trusts and that produces a 
spirit of vengeance, because they feel that they are being imposed upon 
upon by the exorbitant prices they are compelled to pay, and this exam- 
ple influences the lower classes and they seek to defraud others. 

It may appear to some who wear green glasses that the world is grow- 
ing better, especially when it is proclaimed by some Ph. D. To get a cor- 
rect and conscientious opinion, ask the green grocer, the dry goods man, 
the blacksmith, the livery man, and any other merchant ; ask the real estate 
man who collects rents whether there is not a prevailing tendency for the 
tenants to "do you" out of a month's rent or more, and whether he does 
not consider it a second grade of stealing. The writer would be willing 
to testify by affidavit that in the past thirty-five years of business experi- 
ence he has lost in various ways enough to build a block of three-st.ory 
brick houses. He will also be willing to testify or reimburse any one 
who can sustain or prove that he has wronged a person out of a dollar ; 
he will pay $5.00 for every one that can truthfully substantiate the same. 
To prove to the reader that the world is fast becoming more wicked, it is 
only necessary to call his attention to the efforts of the reform movement 
in all the principal cities. Why do they make the effort, and why do they 
not succeed with all the exposures of the press and law and order soci- 
eties? The writer knows whereof he speaks, having been identified with 
all the reform movements in his own city. 

To prove further to those having optimistic views, I will endeavor to 
call attention to a bill passed by the Legislature of Pennsylvania to 
prevent the press from exposing by cartoons the corrupt methods used by 
those in office, proving if they were not guilty there would be no cartoon, 
and no need of a law to prevent them ; also to enact laws to prevent the 
Law and Order Society from making arrests unless you notify the places 
you propose to make an arrest twenty-four hours previous. 

Upon the subject of newspaper exposure, I will insert a clipping of the 
condition of Philadelphia's politics : 



i68 

"The city is universally given the bottom place among all American 
municipalities for political decadence and rottenness. It is plain, too, that 
that evil pre-eminence is assigned to Philadelphia not on the ground of 
this last and most flagrant instance merely, but upon its long-established 
record of toleration of political outrage. Even the scandalous rule of 
Tammany does not offer a spectacle of such hopeless servitude on the part 
of the people of a great city." — Baltimore News. 



"ashbridge has been greased.'' 

Charlotte (N. C.) Observer. 

The Legislature of Pennsylvania and the City Councils of Philadelphia 
have rushed through measures giving away valuable street car franchises 
in Philadelphia, For years there has been a general belief in the country 
that there is more corruption in the government than in any city in the 
United States. 



NOTHING MORE SHAMELESS. 

The Buft'alo Express. 

New York under the rule of Tammany never has been exploited more 
shamelessly than Philadelphia is now being exploited by the gang of 
politicians who operate in the name of the Republican party, and it is not 
Philadelphia alone, but the entire State which suffers. The record of the 
last few years, and especially of this present year, is almost enough to 
shatter one's faith in the Republican form of government. It would 
seem impossible that such things could be done without bringing down 
upon those responsible a visitation of popular wrath that would make 
their fate memorable in the history of politics." 



CRIME THAT IS REPRESSED AND CRIME THAT IS WINKED 

AT. 

Suppose Mayor Ashbridge should be informed of a deliberate plot set 
afoot by professional thieves to loot a bank in which there was a large 
deposit of the city funds ; in such a case he would instantly take measures 
for the protection of the public property. The whole police force of the 
city would, if necessary, be called into service to arrest the culprits, and 
the latter would be hauled before the courts for summary punishment. 

But the Mayor knows, as every intelligent citizen knows, that there is 
an organized conspiracy in the city of Philadelphia to rob the people of 
something far dearer than anything to be found in the public money chest. 
The assessors have openly laid the foundation for election frauds by pad- 
ding the voting lists. Later on the conspirators will hire men to stuff 
the ballot-boxes to correspond with the fraudulent lists, and will pur- 



i69 

chase poll tax receipts to cover the work of personators and repeaters-- 
with an appearance of legahty. And what will the Mayor do about it?' 
Will he attempt in any way to frustrate the scheme which he knows to 
be on foot to overthrow self-government in Philadelphia? Will the po- 
lice force do anything, or be allowed to do anything, to prevent the success 
of the conspiracy of which they have ocular evidence? 

There will be no official answer to these inquiries. The Mayor will, 
perhaps, think that he is stopped as a beneficiary of the frauds by which- 
municipal government in Philadelphia is perverted and corrupted. He is 
more likely to consider it as none of his business ; and the gravest of" 
crimes must go on uninterruptedly until it shall be arrested by the gravest, 
of remedies. 

How long will the people of Philadelphia endure to be so misgoverned?' 
How long will they permit the city in which popular government was 
founded and set in movement to be made the mock and derision of the- 
nation? 



February 27, 1905. 
Samuel B. Gofif, Esq., 

Id Broadway, 

Camden, N. J. 
Dear Sir: — 

I find upon inspection of the records that we issued last year, between- 
January i, 1904, and January i, 1905, 1974 summons in landlord and ten- 
ant cases. From my own observation, I have no doubt that fully two- 
thirds of these cases were the result of intemperate habits. 

Yours very truly, 

Charles I. Wooster, 

Clerk District Court. 

The above record is an evidence showing the general public what ex- 
pense the real estate owner is subject to, which at $2.10 for every com- 
plaint, is $4,000 yearly to the Camden landlords, and these same 1974 ten- 
ants usually escape with on an average of $10.00 per month, which means 
another loss of $20,000 annually to the landlords through unpaid rents; 
and still there are just as many people do not have the warrants served 
on them, but manage to get out of paying a month's rent through thei- 
leniency of the landlord, and this therefore doubles the loss, making it 
$40,000. There are again another set of people who class themselves as 
good citizens and honest people, who will not pay up their entire rent 
and practically disgrace themselves for a few paltry dollars. 

The population of the entire United States is 80,000,000 people; 50,- 
000,000 of this population live in cities and rent properties. On the aver- 
age that one-twentieth of the population that is the 50,000,000, or 2,500,00a 
people in the United States, who annually fail to pay their rent of $10.00- 



I70 

per month. This means that yearly, the landlords in the United States 
suffer a loss of $25,000,000 through unpaid rents. 

The writer once had occasion to collect a debt for rent from one of the 
victims of the liquor habit. Because of my desire to help and not dis- 
tress him, I was induced to permit him to remain in the house during the 
winter, and the tenant assured me that when he went to work in the 
spring he would make weekly payments. The writer relied upon this, atnd 
endeavored to secure work for him during the winter, and told him that 
there was a better way of living. 

I gave him several temperance tracts ; induced him to go to church and 
attend temperance lectures, and when spring came he had plenty of work. 
The writer then tried to collect the money due, but rceived nothing but 
promises. He finally positively refused to pay anything, and when I 
called on him he got into a terrible rage, using the most violent language, 
and he told me that if it were not for my age he would wipe the floor up 
with me. 

While the floor may have needed a mopping, yet I did not relish the 
prospect of being turned into a floor mop, and thought that discretion 
was the better part of valor, and felt very thankful that my age had pro- 
tected me. 

However, it did afford me the pleasure of going to the District Court 
in order to put him out of the house, and paying an additional $5.00 to 
Tiave it cleaned. 

The above incident caused the writer to realize that he was getting 
old, and had better spend his time trying to prevent instead of trying to 
cure a person that had caught the saloon disease. 



THE COST. 



According to the facts published by the Church Economist, the liquor 
traffic for the year 1903 cost the nation the following startling summary : 

Twenty-five hundred babies were smothered by drunken mothers. 

Five thousand persons committed suicide. 

Sixty thousand fallen girls through drink. 

Three hundred thousand paupers. 

Three thousand murdered wives. 

Seven thousand and nineteen additional murders. 

Forty thousand widowed mothers. 

One hundred thousand orphaned children. 

One hundred thousand insane. 

One hundred thousand criminals. 

One hundred thousand died drunkards. 

In addition to this, a minister in Boston compiled statistics carefully 
•gleaned from clippings and tells us that 580,000 boys formed the habit 
'of drinking intoxicating liquors and are in line to keep up the processions 
•of victims of this modern Moloch. — Marie C. Brehm in Union Signal. 



171 

While it is a deplorable state, yet it might be worse, as there is proof 
that it has been growing worse ever since the exposure of the supposed 
Honest John Bardsley. This exposure was only a culmination of corrupt 
methods in politics. If the world is not growing better, it must be grow- 
ing worse, as there cannot be a middle ground to the question, therefore, 
I will be compelled by reason to take the affirmative. 

Take into consideration the past history of the "City of Brotherly Love," 
founded by William Penn, of good Quaker stock, and how far it has 
-drifted from those Quaker principles,, also the neighboring city, Camden, 
when it merited its good name of Jersey justice, and make a comparison 
with our present condition in Camden and all parts of New Jersey. 
' I think I have proven to the reader that the world is growing more 
wicked and have so thoroughly diagnosed political conditions and find 
that the larger part of crimes committed are by people who have intelli- 
gence and perfect knowledge of their purpose in planning to create con- 
ditions to bring in other environments that they may be benefitted thereby. 

As a result of wickedness, the mind becomes diseased, health fails, be- 
cause of a bad mental condition resulting from an overdose of wicked- 
ness, and the only hospital he can go to is the church. This should prove 
an incentive to the ministry in keeping themselves in good reputation, so 
that when a person has taken an overdose, and is tired and sick of sin, 
he will have confidence in those who are in attendance at a church hos- 
pital. Therefore, all reformers should see that everything that is built for 
a specific purpose must correspond with the underlying principle for which 
it was built. If a party begins to build up a reform movement, to suc- 
ceed, it m.ust remove from that party all the causes that require the party 
to be reformed. 

If a nation tries to build itself up on commercial prosperities and in- 
clude a great commercial vice, it will fall, because that vice will destroy 
the whole nation. If you should put a defective egg in a barrel of pure 
water, the water would not purify the egg, on the contrary, the egg would 
spoil the whole barrel of pure water. The Scripture sayeth : "Come out 
from among them and be ye separate." 

How long will it take those would-be reformers to find out and attempt 
to reform a city, without any degree of success, with its political base on 
the license system, living off of the vices of its people who will eventually 
become so corrupt that it will be impossible to manage any municipality 
and will destroy itself by its own corruption. Knowing the physiological 
effects that alcoholic liquors produce on the individual brain and mind 
in greater or less degree according to quantity and the constitution of the 
person, none are exempt from the degrading effects of any alcoholic stimu- 
lants. 

There is a great difficulty in every reform movement. This one obstacle 
is alcoholism. The desire is only produced by a social custom, therefore, 
being unnatural for a person to use such narcotics, you have a large per- 
centage of unnatural people to contend with. Anything that will effect 
the natural thinking power of man renders him abnormal, and nature is 
opposed to anything that is unnatural. 



172 

The brain governs the mind, alcohol effects the brain, and irr propor- 
tion to the quantity taken, and as often as the brain is affected by alcohol, 
just to that extent the thinking power is affected by its use. The same as 
though you obstructed a plant from growing upright by some unnatural 
means, otherwise it would grow up naturally as God intended it should. 
Therefore, it is impossible for any one to take alcohol without its affect- 
ing him differently than any other substance taken as a food, and must,, 
according to all physiological tests, affect the brain. If it did not, there 
would not be any intoxication. 

Therefore, it is a problem how far-reaching this alcoholism is affecting 
the human race, and the many crimes that are committed may be due ta 
the effects directly or indirectly by its use, whether they be under' the ' 
influence of liquor or not at the time of the committing of the crime, but 
by total abstinence the crime would be prevented. Like the plant, it had 
grown up unnaturally, and because of an unnatural interference with its 
natural growth. As this may be so, the time to begin a reform is before 
the child is born. 

An illustration as copied from the Scientific American in regard to 
Robert Ingersoll, it was so stated : "His father being a Presbyterian min- 
ister, one morning when they were having family worship, some of the 
older children were acting rudely ; he arose from his knees and chastised 
them. This act was supposed to have made a marked mental impression 
on Ingersoll's mother, thus affecting him before he was born. The im- 
pression the mother received during the occurrence it appeared to her as. 
being sacriligious. Because of this act, it is credited that Ingersoll in- 
herited this sacriligious disposition and his irreverence for anything God- 
like, and because of this co-incidence his infidelity is due to the same." 

Whether this be true, we leave this branch of reform for the women to 
do, as men are compelled to deal with present problems in trying to pre- 
vent wholesale robbery by the unjust tax we are all compelled to pay,, 
and endeavor to prevent the many other crimes that are constantly being- 
perpetrated, caused by American political conditions, by the license sys- 
tem, making for the political machine a temptation to use them. 

Those who have had the making of our laws have been very neglectful 
in their discharge of duty a'nd enforcing them, and are compelled to act 
on the lines of a preventative rather than to endeavor to accomplish a 
reform with our present system under the management of municipal 
affairs. Seeing the necessity of the government in making such laws as 
will cause like to seek like, as it has in the past, and that men may rise 
to a higher ideal of living, I suggest the making of a law prohibiting the 
raising of tobacco as a product in the United States ; also the importation 
of such from any other nation, and the prohibition of the manufacturing 
of intoxicating liquors only in such quantities as may be needful in the 
use of arts and for medicinal purposes. 

When this is done the world will begin a new era for the elevation of" 
man. This epoch will be marked with the greatest blessing to mankind,, 
a blessing far greater than the emancipation of the negro slave. 



173 

ANOTHER CAUSE FOR THE WORLD GROWING WORSE. 

Is the inconsistency of the various Christian ministers ; but I would 
not feel justified in using this word without making some explanation. 
There are several reasons for this. 

First. It is caused by their environments. The minister does not come 
in contact with the practical side of the business world. Therefore, he 
does not have the opportunity of reasoning the causes and effects by doing 
certain things that will be detrimental to their best interest. Because of 
this, they are inclined to act on impulses more like the female sex who 
have never had charge of a business, and not having the practical expe- 
rience, the impulses predominate, and they forget for the time being their 
position and what the people expect of them, which we ail know without 
any further explanation. 

Second. They are often made a great deal of by some of the church 
members, which has a tendency to increase their conceit. 

Third. Their ministerial position often causes some good brother or sis- 
ter to give them by donation over and above their salary, and by so doing 
causes them to often show partiality ; also many make it a point to get 
some others to do likewise. 

Fourth. They are apt to try to get men on the official board who they 
think will work to their best interests. 

Fifth. Because of preaching the gospel, they are apt to think that peo- 
ple should give them indiscriminately as they would to some missionary 
cause or other philanthropic work, and if they should borrow money or 
contract a debt, they are not, as a rule, as prompt in paying that debt as a 
layman, for they may think if the person does not get his money, it went 
for a good cause, partly on the grounds of the darkey that took the tur- 
key, and when brought to task for doing so, said, "Don't I work for you? 
Then the more turkey I eat the more I can work for my Master." 

Sixth. He is subject to many temptations socially, more than most 
other people are. 

Seventh. His profession gives people the confidence in his work, know- 
ing this, he is tempted to use it, which may do him a great injury. 

As the subject is, "Is the World Growing Better?" for anything to grow 
better there must be a source or a fountain from which all things emanate. 
If the ministry in the churches is not growing better by upholding the 
principles of Christ in a political way, by precept and example, you can- 
not expect a huge pile of bricks and mortar and stone, with a steeple on 
it to cause the people of the world to grow better. Past history tells us 
it used to be a custom for ministers to indulge in alcoholic liquors, and 
they would even become intoxicated. If that is true,, where is the dif- 
ference between a person voting that he may put the bottle to his neigh- 
bor's lips or do the act himself? If the ministers of the United States 
vote with a party that has other issues supposed to be for the betterment 
of man's welfare commercially, and there is one issue in with that party 
paramount for evil and injury of its people. Is not the ministry doing a 
great injustice to the people and himself by example to the world? In- 



174 

stead of building up Christ's Kingdom he is helping to destroy it by his 
own acts. It is reported that one-third of the ministers in England hold 
stock in some brewery or distillery. Do they not help to make the world 
worse? Suppose a banker should decide to dispose of some counterfeit 
money along with the good, would he be exonerated from the penalty of 
the law because he gave out good money with the bad? If the party that 
he voted for has some good issues and some counterfeits, does the moral 
law excuse him from responsibility? 

If a person takes poison, he is brought to account for attempting to 
commit suicide. If he gives poison to a person, he is tried for murder. 
Where is the difference between giving it to him or voting to give it to 
him? There is a common saying that "actions speak louder than 
words," but when a man's acts and words are crystallized into a vote It 
is a strong evidence of his sincerity of what he believes and proclaims 
from the pulpit, like one Ph. D., LL. D. at Ocean Grove, declared the liq- 
uor traffic could not be abolished by votes. On inquiring how he thought 
it would be, he replied that when Christ came he would put away all 
such sin. I suppose if He comes while this preacher is living, he will tell 
Christ he was an old veteran and thought best to stay with the Republican 
party until He came, but now he was ready to help Him. 

I also know of another Doctor of Divinity, in Camden, who says the 
licensing of the liquor traffic is a moral question, and does not belong in 
politics. That prophecy blocks all man's future hope for any reform, and 
there is nothing to do but to take his moral ideas to the Lord in prayer, 
vote the Republican ticket, as I suppose that this D. D. has always done. 
So as he was so much interested in the late election returns, he went over 
to Philadelphia at night to learn of the full election reports, and because 
of the sayings and actions on the part of these two brothers you wonder 
that if the Republican party should adopt the same issues as the Pro- 
hibition party would they not leave it and go to the Democratic, as moral 
issues have no place in politics. Because of the absence of practical 
Christianity on the part of the ministry,, the church will become as cold 
spiritually as a January night. 

As I have said, the church is the fountain of all good to those who are 
connected with it, and yet by their acts they destroy it; it is like a busi- 
ness man destroying his own business. 






The Necessity for a New Political Party* 



•7p'A-''A-"'/i"^f\,--'A--'/i-%'v--%ts-'A'"'/S-'A-''A"''A~-'A''TiS"'A--'/k--'/{-'/<-'A--'/i-'/v--'yV-'/f-';v--'/i--^(V-'/;^ 

If the reader will investigate, and then use the power of reasoning, he 
will immediately see the necessity of a new political party. 

I presume that you have made yourself familiar with the contents of 
this book, and are not unlike other persons who desire to better their con- 
ditions, and know that the management of government, state and muni- 
cipal affairs has considerable to do with your welfare, and as history tells, 
us, "when the wicked are in power, the people mourn," "when the right- 
eous are in power they rejoice;" because of all this, I suggest a remedy — 
the adoption of a new party. 

First. Reasoning tells us that when anything is not satisfactory, we; 
should investigate the cause. If you buy a piece of machinery which wears 
out and fails to do the work properly, you purchase another. If you 
should engage a laborer and he failed to meet the requirements of the 
position, you would soon employ another person in his place. 

With this republican form of government we elect men to do business. 
for us in national, state and municipal aft'airs, and there seems to be 
universal dissatisfaction in the conduct of our affairs just now. 

We find men in office converting positions of trust into positions of 
purely self-aggrandizement, without regard to improving the condition of 
the Commonwealth or the laboring class. I believe the time has come 
when all the people who are patriotic, and lovers of good government,, 
should seek to remedy these conditions by acting on the first law of nature, 
self-protection, and dispense with one or both of the old political parties,, 
as they have outlived their usefulness for the betterment of mankind by 
their actions in a legislative way. 

Some might reason that if you elect new men to office, would they not. 
also become corrupt in time? My answer would be that under the same- 
conditions, they would, but my purpose is to change political environments, 
and the result will be that you will have better men in office. 

As it is now, when a man enters the political arena, he apparently be- 
comes a changed man, not in heart, as if he had joined a church, but a 
change for graft and greed, because of the opportunity of securing the: 
almighty dollar. It is impossible to change human nature so long as 
this principle of graft and^ greed is cherished. You can readily see that 
what would cause a man to be bad must be removed before a man cam 
become good. This can only be done by removing the temptations con- 
nected with the old parties. 

175 



176 

To illustrate this fact in politics I will say, that the office-seeker will 
-always look for his support to the strongest power in politics ; therefore, 
lie will endeavor to procure the strongest influence, which is the liquor 
traffic. 

It is supposed that each saloon controls ten votes. The office-seeker 
spends his time and money to secure these, becaus he feels assured that 
the church people will be true to him, just as the needle is to the pole. 

Now the party controls the man, and not the man the party. I have 
•already shown you that it is the party that makes the man, and if a new 
party has winning issues, man will conform and act in accordance with 
the saloon power of to-day as it is under our present political system. 

As I have already shown, it is the issue of the party that brings suc- 
cess, and because of this, neither the Democratic or Republican parties 
should be appointed to champion the cause of the liquor traffic. 

The past success or non-success of the Prohibition party has always 
been a barrier in the attempt to form a new political party. 

As I have already endeavored to show just as it takes necessity to 
stimulate and arouse a man from a state of apathy to energy, so does it 
take necessity to change people's minds, and unless the people do change, 
we will gradually become worse than a monarchial government. 

The same reasons that caused our forefathers to throw the tea over- 
board in Boston harbor, the very same principle of necessity is being 
forced on a great number of our American voters to-day. 

I desire to mention a few reasons why we need a change in our present 
system of government. First. Our commerce of supplies and necessities 
has become a menace to the American people, because of the so-called 
trusts, which I would like to call to your attention. The tobacco and 
whiskey trust, meat trust, flour trust, oil trust, iron and steel trust, coal 
trust, and hundreds of others. From these trusts the greater number of 
our American millionaires derive their profits. These trusts contain a 
"large portion of the nation's wealth. 

We all know it is a common law that one man's loss is another man's 
gain. There are about 10,000 millionaires in the United States. Their 
holdings range from one to fifty thousand millions. Because of their 
great success, hundreds of families, as well as merchants, are compelled 
to seek menial labor. This has had a tendency to lower the standard of 
our citizenship, because the laboring class of people are compelled to pay 
-very high prices for the ordinary necessities of life, and to remedy this 
evil foreigners are brought to this country. These gather together and 
strike for higher wages in order that they may maintain their families. 
This does not always succeed, and many of the laborers are compelled to 
move into cheaper dwellings and do without the things that go to make a 
home comfortable and happy. If he is not able to provide these, he loses 
the respect of his wife, and all this gradually causes a nation to degen- 
erate. It sinks into a lower plane of civilization. Others take advantage 
of them by lending these unfortunate people money and charging usurious 
interest, which is against the law. Exorbitant prices are being charged 



177 

hy the trusts, and they should be dealt with, just the same as the civil law 
deals with private individuals. 

Those persons who study politics say that there is no difference be- 
tween the Democratic and Republican parties. Both say they are opposed 
to trusts, and yet both fail to legislate against them; but they say nothing 
about the liquor traffic, just as if it did not exist. We have been electing 
■men to office year after year, and they have always failed to legislate for 
the betterment of the people. They only seek for themselves how they can 
get the greatest enjoyment out of life. They have become so corrupt that 
there is scarcely a city in the United States but what is so corruptly man- 
aged that it is a positive disgrace to all those who are connected with it. 

It is a common saying, that we cannot expect a stream to be purer than 
its fountain, so we cannot expect our government to be any better, be- 
cause the cities control the State, and the States control the entire govern- 
ment. Now, the question arises, what are we going to do? 

My answer would be, "We know no Alps." Let a new party rise up 
from the ashes of the old, or from an entirely new party. It is better to 
make a mistake and profit by it than to continue and do a thing which 
one knows is wrong, because we know that right will always prevail in 
the end. We stand before the world as a republican form of government, 
by the people and for the people. Then why not be so in reality, and not 
as a white sepulchre full of dead men's bones? Or, let us have a mon- 
archial form of government altogether. As it is now, both parties have 
the same platform. All that is necessary is for the Czar of the liquor 
traffic to assert his power, and dictate to you which party shall be in 
power. 

There is no need for him. to use his authority, because the Democrats 
are still hopeful, but when he sees that there is a prospect of its death, he 
will give the advice which the old brewer gave at the Liquor Brewers' 
Association : "Gentlemen, don't let us make fools of ourselves, like the 
-old anti-slavery party, and draw our support from only one party, as did 
the old Whig party. When we see that one of the parties is apt to give 
up, we must give them our support to keep them both alive, as we can 
,-get what we want from either." 

It is a simple address, but it contains a great thought. He must have 
-Studied or learned from past experience that as long as either party is 
-able to manufacture some issues that concern the commerce of the world, 
it means supposedly better wages, or steady employment for the laboring 
^man, and good times for the manufacturer and merchant. 

While the Republican party did accomplish its purposes, it did so at a 
great sacrifice of human life, and a large expenditure of money, from the 
>effects of which our nation has not yet rallied. 

Our Government went into partnership with the liquor traffic. As it 
required a new party to abolish slavery, so it will require a new party to 
•abolish the making of slaves by habit. The Republican party is solely 
responsible for this situation. It created the liquor busin-ess, perpetuates, 
-and refuses to abolish it. It is; therefore, left to the Commonwealth to 
protect itself from going to destruction. 
12 



oe. •>(• 

'A- •A-' 

^(. ot. 

I Why There Should Be On^y Two Political Parties^ | 

First. Because there are only two motives in the make-up of the human 
race — the principles of right and wrong. As these are the controlling 
factors in all questions in church, state, politics and business, there is 
need for but two political parties to fight these two principles out On 
this question alone of right and wrong and all question that enter into the 
betterment of mankind, whether it be financial or moral. This battle has 
been going on ever since the early history of man. We have examples of 
the same in Bible times. We have had the same in the beginning of our 
republican form of government, the Revolutionary War and the late 
Civil War. Since that time other nations have resorted to war because 
of these same principles, right and wrong. 

For the maintenance of the right, war seems to be inevitable among 
all nations, regardless of their religious convictions. While there is some 
difference of opinion as to what is right, there cannot be but one right 
involved in a war or in politics. The principle involved which creates the 
contention is the almighty dollar. To illustrate, the Revolutionary War 
was caused by oppression because of the profits derived from us as a 
colony. The same can be applied to the Civil War, which would not have 
been fought but for the question concerning the "right" of negro slavery. 

But it created great opportunities for money-making. There would 
never have been a war if cotton could have been raised profitably in the 
Northern States. As each State found it unprofitable, they set their 
slaves free. Probably the war with the Philippines would never have been 
fought had not some capitalists brought to light the great wealth con- 
tained in minerals and timber. The Boer War would never have occur- 
red if it had not been for the rich prospect of finding diamonds and gold. 

In a political battle they do not use military force, but the principle is 
about the same. Each office-seeker is trying to cripple the other in repu- 
tation that he may be elected, using money to buy votes and resorting to 
bribe where there is a possibility. The party in power uses the principle 
of right against those who try to win on the wrongdoings of their party. 
This condition has become so universal that many self-respecting people 
are so disgusted with both Democrats and Republicans that they refuse to 
vote for either party. They look at the condition. One is out and the 
other is trying to get in for the spoils of office, and that is the one reason 
that there are so many dissatisfied voters, who feel they would like to vote 
for a party without stultifying their consciences. 

This class is simply waiting, crying "reform," but doing little to bring 

178 



179 

it about. There is another class who are called the independent voters. 
They became disgusted after election and are inspired by their patriotism, 
and declare there must be a new political party. 

I have noticed recently in the "North American" that the Protestant 
ministers have decided to form a Union League which would embrace 
17,000,000 church members. By this movement they must intend to imi- 
tate the Catholic way of doing. I saw in the same paper where the busi- 
ness men of Philadelphia are to form a committee of one hundred to re- 
form and prevent the corruption now p-revalent in their city politics ; bas- 
ing their party's success on a movement'*similar to that of 1880. 

I am sorry to see that they have forgotten that the political condition is 
very different now from what is was twenty-four years ago. Since that 
time we have a "Czar" who has control of cities, States and government, 
except the States of Maine and Kansas, and the effects of his administra- 
tion are in doses of eighteen gallons per capita. His power has produced 
such a physical effect on a larger part of the voters that many have lost 
the spirit of their patriotic principles and very many thousand voters have 
come into existence in that period of time. 

Because the environment has been made different by the "Czar's" ad-^ 
ministration, there are so many voters who have never been aroused to 
the need of patriotism as were the old voters, and I would advise those 
who are foremost in these movements before "blowing in" much money 
to come over the river and get some advice from those who have had ex- 
perience in Camden's Committee of One Hundred, because the writer 
knows whereof he speaks, he having been one of that number. 

Some one may ask why these reform parties rise up and wither away 
like Jonah's gourd. In brief, I will say that they lack the true princi- 
ples of reform. There is a large portion who are seeking for some po- 
litical office, and the number of seekers is so much greater than there are 
vacancies that the disappointed ones will not sustain the reform party, 
and the party will be compelled to wither away for want of support. The 
one way for success is for all those who enter into such a party movement 
to have the inherent principles of Gideon's band. Others may ask why 
the Prohibition party does not succeed. By referring to another chapter 
you will find it explained more fully. But I will say here, its principles 
have existed ever since the history of man, and that same principle will live 
in the heart of man as long as the spirit of freedom exists. The love of 
freedom is as natural to a man as is the air he breathes. If it were not 
so, why did the thirteen colonies fight for eight years? Why did the 
Philippines continue to fight and would have been fighting still if public 
sentiment had not shamed the Republican party out of such bloodshed? 

Men like Carnegie denounce war as atrocious, and had the enterprise 
to offer to contribute $20,000,000 to buy their freedom. The same hunger 
for freedom existed with the negro slaves, and the same spirit exists to- 
day as it did with John Brown, whose body lies moldering in the grave, 
to be freed from the monarchial government which has fastened upon us 
as a barnacle on a ship. To those who mistake freedom for sumptuory 
measures, read pages 137 and 138. 



i8o 

The trouble with many people is that they do not see things in the 
proper light. They do not realize that a man is but a grown-up boy and 
clings to his boyish notions of freedom in following the scripture phrase, 
"When I was a child, I spake as a child, but when I became a man I put 
away childish things," and because of the clinging to their boyish inclina- 
tions those who are of wider experience recommend the adoption of the 
principles of the Curfew law, restricting the boy from doing things that 
in the end will be an injury to him, and in realizing what is done has been 
done for his best interests, he will not mourn as one deprived of liberty. 
To illustrate, I heard a story of two Irishmen, who, through death, lost 
their comrade, and knowing that he had no other friends to mourn him, 
they volunteered to walk along and act as mourners. As they were walk- 
ing with bowed heads a man with a swill cart had gotten between them 
and their deceased friend, and to act the part of mourners they dared not 
look up, so one said to his fellow mourner, "And do you'se smell anything? 
Don't you think they have kept him too long?" When they ventured to 
look up they discovered they had missed their way and were following 
the swill cart. 

A word to those who have volunteered to mourn because of necessity 
to bury the liquor traffic, face downward. The more it scratches, the 
nearer it will get to where it belongs. Look up, cheer up, and stop 
mourning, for you have been following the Republican swill tub too long, 
and instead of acting the part of a mourner, transform yourself into an 
undertaker and do something to help bury the liquor traffic, the "Czar." 

You can then make yourself useful when business is a little dull by dig- 
ging up the old dry bones that some coroner has pronounced, "He came 
to his death from some unknown cause." Get the coroner to hold an in- 
quest over those who, at one time^ voted the Prohibition ticket and died 
because of the lack of faith. Tell them that voting it once will not save 
the rum-cursed nations and the same conditions will not apply to therr>, 
as to a certain ecclesiastical denomination which believeth, once in grace, 
always in grace, and are saved from any further condemnation because 
they voted the Prohibition ticket once. Tell them not to make them- 
selves a Jonah and not wait untjl some terrible storm comes and be cast 
overboard because they did not continue to carry out the same principles 
that prompted them to vote for it once, and then depend on the mercy pf 
the Lord to provide a whale to save them, that they may live to warn the 
people in the many wicked cities that to be dry is far preferable to one 
that is flooded by barrels of whiskey and beer each year where the founda- 
tion walls of our Government are being washed away by this annual 
flood. Every man must build his own home to protect himself and family 
from the enemy. 

While we have the history of Bible times in modern civilization in a 
political way, we must use modem warfare. 

The Merrimac came out at Hampton Roads to destroy our navy, and 
would have destroyed our cities, but there came to the rescue the Monitor, 
that not only destroyed the Merrimac but saved the nation. 

All students of psychology and physiology are aware that the masses 



i8i 

of people are unfit to govern themselves. Some are mentally weak with- 
out being even called by their proper name, and the liquor traffic has come 
in to steal away their little savings like the coming of a foreign foe into 
our borders to steal and plunder. 

The Government counts liquors and narcotics as so much stock in 
trade, and the licensing of saloons is a legitimate business in view of in- 
creasing its revenue, just as in the days of the Civil War, when the Demo- 
cratic party planned and schemed to get possession of all implements of 
war. 

History shows that man in the past has acted unwisely by allowing his 
desire to obtain something to gratify his inbred, covetous nature. This 
will continue with man, and he will always be imposed upon by the ag- 
gressive party until the people unite in this one common principle of right, 
and nations will learn to accept the teachings of Christ. 

There will be wars and rumors of wars, for Christ said, "I do not bring 
peace by the sword, but by my word." If the swords are to be beaten into 
plowshares to comply with Christ's teaching, then there must be by neces- 
sity a new political party to conduct the government affairs according to 
that teaching. Then there will be no controversy as to what to do with 
the liquor traffic when the people of our nation decide to fight it out on 
this line without a compromise, making the liquor traffic the paramount 
issue, and contesting the same with two political parties, and at the same 
time adopting issues that are adapted to the nation's needs. Until this is 
done as here proposed, crimes of all descriptions will run riot and con- 
tinue to increase by the use and abuse of alcoholic beverages. See chapter 
on "Issues Proposed for New Party." 






Suggestions How to Organize a New Political t 
Party. i 



First. Invite all temperance societies, anti-saloon leagues, all Catholic 
temperance societies, and the leaders of the Prohibition party to assemble 
to consider a formulated plan how to accomplish this object. They should 
argue the necessity of a new party, because of the corrupted methods prac- 
tised in politics by both the Democratic and Republican parties. 

Second. Consider the effect it has on the church and nation, and that 
unless there is a change, the church and nation will be destroyed. It is 
the duty of political parties to assist the church in keeping itself from 
being corrupted. It is the duty of both church and nation to provide for 
the weal of every individual. 

I would further suggest to those who decide to make the attempt as 
herein proposed, that they should solicit the assistance of men such as 
General Howard, General Russel, General Miles, Admiral Dewey, and 
many others of national reputation. Also such men as John Wanamaker, 
Dr. Swallow, Chairman Stewart, John G. Wooley, W. J. Bryan, Joshua 
Levering, John Mitchell, T. V. Powderly, Colonel Blaine, Samuel P. 
Jones, and many others. 

I would also suggest a few issues to be adopted by this new party, or, 
if there should be any State Senators or United States Senators who 
would think favorably of this, and he is doubtful as to the results of the 
votes, they could very easily ascertain the same by selecting a few cities 
and country villages in the various States, and send them a pledge card, 
stating that if a party should adopt such issues, would they vote for the 
same. Or they might send a proper person around to call on the voters, 
with a typewritten letter and a circular describing the merits of a party 
as herein proposed. 

While I do not pretend to assert that by removing the saloon all other 
evils will disappear with it, yet I feel confident that the larger part will. 
It is a common law in physics that there must be a cause to produce an 
effect. Out of these principles evils grow, but, if certain conditions war- 
rant it, good will come forth, also. 

Here we have demonstrated the parable of the sower and the reaper. 
The true condition of the tares growing up, chokes the good grain. 

Through suitable environments man will cause his divine and philan- 
thropic nature to widen and build churches, Y. M. C. A. hospitals, homes 
for the halt, the lame and the blind, and many other such institutions. 

182 



i83 

The saloon man grows or produces what is known as bums, thugs, mur- 
derers and anarchists. Man is similar to the vegetable kingdom. He 
grows much better under conditions that are adapted to this growth. 
Good husbandry will pull up the tares and weeds and the plant will be- 
come more beautiful, producing luxurious fruit. This same principle could 
be applied in this way : There are many thousand young men who would 
have grown up and been an honor to their parents as well as to the na- 
tion and State, but by doing one wrong act, it prompts another, and so on. 

All these conditions show the necessity of a new political party. I will 
endeavor to show the positive need of such a party, because all former 
movements of any kind have been caused by necessity, as for example, 
the W. C. T. U. was established because it was necessary for self-pro- 
tection. The Prohibition party has grown because of necessity. Lastly, 
give all the assurance of success to your audience by referring to the senti- 
ment now existing in favor of temperance. 



I Proposed Issues for a New Political Party* $ 

Believing them to be adapted to the needs of the nation, and because of 
the demand for such, we therefore are compelled to seek, through new 
channels, to remedy the wrongs which are forced upon us by a fixed 
legislature, and to change the order of such perversion of the will of the 
people I propose the formation of a new political party, and would rec- 
ommend issues which I believe would add considerably to the success of 
the proposed new party by adopting their principles in the platform. 

For the direct legislation under the system known as the Initiative and 
Referendum. 

Under the initiative the people can require that any desired law which 
has been adopted by a legislature shall, before becoming operative, be 
submitted to a vote of the people for their approval or rejection, when, if 
such law fail to secure a majority of the votes cast, it will be thereby re- 
jected; therefore, by this method the people can secure relief from the 
existing evils and establish a government which will protect all persons in 
the enjoyment of their natural rights and promote the welfare, happiness 
and morality of the people. I would recommend in securing the right to 
vote on questions by a direct legislation to secure the right to have an 
election, should, by a petition, by one-tenth of the voters from each State 
or county, and the issue to be voted upon should be taken up a year from 
the time granted to vote upon the question, and the election should be 
held one month after the fall election. If the result of the election should 
be that the amendment failed to receive a majority of votes, it shall re- 
main, as before for a term of six years, as such questions as the manufac- 
ture and the sale of liquor, the growing and selling of tobacco, and the 
immigrant question, which are all national questions and should be sub- 
mitted to the people by a national election. 

I would recommend that all daily and weekly papers be compelled to 
print all articles for and against the amendment, if so requested by the 
person paying for the same, and these charges not to exceed the usual 
rates. 

I would recommend that the term of the President of the United States 
be six years, as well as the United States Senators to be elected by a ma- 
jority of the people. 

The election of the judges at the fall election. 

The prohibition of trusts when their capital exceeds two millions. 

Prohibiting immigration to the unqualified. 

The Government to appropriate ten millions annually for five consecutive 
years for educational purposes, as previously referred to. 

184 



i85 

The issuing of greenbacks by the Government in limited quantities per 
capita, to be legal tender for both public and private debts. 

The right of franchise to women on moral questions that pertain to mar 
the comfort and happiness of homes, and the right to vote on questions- 
regarding the public schools. 

The manufacture and sale of liquor to be controlled by the Government. 

All municipal franchises to be controlled by the city. 

The prohibiting of a company or person from owning more than twO' 
thousand acres of land. 

That the Government should prohibit the raising and growing of to- 
bacco for commercial use. 

That the Government should prohibit the importation of tobacco from 
foreign countries and the adjoining countries, Cuba, Canada and Mexico. 

That the Government should establish a detective in every county and 
State, to see that no one was raising any tobacco on his farm or garden. 

Offer a reward of $20.00 to any one informing the inspector of any 
violation of the above provisions. 

Offer a reward of $10.00 to any one informing the inspector of any one 
manufacturing or selling tobacco in rolls, plugs, or other form. 

Offer a reward of $10.00 to any one giving information to the inspector 
regarding any one who ships tobacco by rail or cart to any town or city in 
the State. 

My reason for the proposed adoption of the prohibition of the use of 
tobacco is because I have obtained knowledge that its use is (Joing a great 
injury to them, and that three-quarters of those who use tobacco are de- 
sirous of abandoning its use, and wish they had never begun the same. 
For this reason I believe in the greatest good to the greatest number. 
Knowing from the expressions of fathers of users and non-users, regard- 
ing their sons using it. To substantiate the same, I will repeat the ex- 
pression of a non-user, with whom I am very well acquamted, he having- 
two sons who were users of tobacco. He related how he had been put to 
his wits' ends to know how to prevent them. He told me that he had 
gone to the tobacco store and forbade the man from selling tobacco to his. 
son, as he was under age, saying to the storekeeper that if he sold him 
any more he would enforce the law on him. 

Another incident is that of the user of tobacco, whom I met on a train. 
He took a seat beside me, smoking his corn-cob pipe. I remarked to him,, 
"I see you are enjoying your smoke." And, having heard that a man did 
not enjoy smoking unless seeing it come from his own pipe, I ventured 
to question him regarding this. He told me that he had heard it himself, 
but he did not know that it made any difference with him whether he 
smoked in the light or dark. I told him that I once smoked myself, but 
my mother induced me to give it up by giving me a gold watch. Then he 
very emphatically said that he wished he had never contracted the habit, 
and believed if he had waited until he was twenty-one, he never would 
have commenced its use. Then I remarked that the larger part of the 
smokers commenced to smoke in their teens. He then said that he had a 
son about twelve years old, who shows no desire whatever of acquiring. 



i86 

ihe habit of tobacco, and remarked he thought it was all due to him, be- 
cause he made it so disgusting and obnoxious to him. When he is sick, 
he blames the cause for it on the tobacco. He said that his son had a 
^reat desire of becoming large, and he told him that the reason he (the 
father) was not any larger is because he commenced to use tobacco when 
he was his son's present age. The father said that he pointed out to him 
the men who were very large and strong, and said that they were not 
users of tobacco, and he told his son that if he didn't use it, he would be 
just as large. 

I then told him that I had two sons who were very large and strong, 
and I believe that this was due to their total abstinence; so strong, in fact, 
that either one could pick us both up and carry us under each arm. I am 
confident that there are millions who are just as earnest in preventing 
their sons from contracting a habit of the use of tobacco. If this be true, 
then is it not incumbent on the part of the Government to help those who 
have a desire to abstain from its use before the habit becomes their mas- 
ter? And those who do not wish to be relieved from the degrading vice 
should be willing to make a sacrifice for the good of others. The Gov- 
ernment should act as a guardian in preventing our people from injuring 
themselves. This proposed issue is not in advance of several States which 
liave passed cigarette laws, to prevent the young from contracting the to- 
bacco habit ; but all such laws are only shadows because of the graft for 
the almighty dollar and by hteassistance of an acquired phenomenal habit, 
It is an insult to the name of law which is expected to be enforced. It is 
likened to the licensing of the liquor law by granting the license, when 
there is such strong evidence of its injurious effects, then by passing laws 
to prevent its use, forgetting that an appetite or habit is man's master, and 
l)ecause of those who want it, they are ready to declare the law is a fail- 
ure. 

The only way out of this habit-making business is to let a party be form- 
ed to champion an issue, that manhood is more valuable than money, and 
for the same reason I would recommend for an issue the controlling of the, 
manufacturing and selling of the liquor by the Government, knowing that 
■every American citizen is interested in the welfare of the Government, not 
because of the success of the same in adopting ways and means of making 
money. He benefits all because he is called upon to pay a certain amount 
of tax, and as the Government is now in partnership with the liquor busi- 
ness, why not have all the profits by its sale for medicinal or mechanical 
purposes and to be used in arts? By referring to the "Brewers' and Dis- 
tillers' Rights, What the Government Should Do," "Cause of Money 
Panics and Depressions in Business," also the question on "Liquor and 
Wages," you will see the matter more clearly. 

While the above issues may appear prematurely, yet they are j;ist what 
they ought to be, and will be, because it is right by each one doing his 
part to make it happen : 

But right is right since God is God, 

And right the day must win; 

To doubt would be disloyalty, 
To falter would be sin. 



i87 

The writer is cognizant of the fact that all such reform comes slow in 
the way of changing custom and habit, the same having been growing on 
the public for many years and at the same time building up a large com- 
mercial business ; therefore, I wish to disabuse anyone's mind of the fact 
that I do not expect any radical change until a more practical knowledge 
is obtained. 

Knowledge is power and we will have to resort to the powers of knowl- 
edge to remove the formidable mountains of tobacco and alcohol from 
obscuring the beauties of this world from the many happy homes, 

REMARKS. 

I know that giving advice is one of the easiest things to do, and one 
of the hardest for any one to accept, but when extreme conditions exist, 
then it is natural for man to listen, and because he, being possessed with 
that disposition, the whole political world has advanced on the lines as 
God intended them to be, and they have failed by disobeying this principle, 
which applies to the individual as well as to the nation, and because of 
the absence of this principle in the performance of duty, we all learn wis- 
dom by our past mistakes, the same being common to men ; therefore, we 
are compelled by the law of necessity to adopt new methods in those 
things that demand our attention, and because our republican form of 
government has produced such material in the right of franchise that they 
have made by their policy, they having built up such a class of voters, by 
those who run the political side of our government, and produce such a 
low grade of voters, and they knowing the same, and by the past and 
present doings, are continuing to make them, and also a temptation to use 
them, for his own personal political benefit. When this temptation comes 
to the man in politics, it is the same as to those who are connected with 
the trust. When the Republican party was formed it was true to the prin- 
ciples which would promote the best interests of the whole Common- 
wealth, but its rulers being controlled by money, it has failed in reputa- 
tion and in deed, the same as some noted banker, who through his honesty 
secured his position, but had become a defaulter because of temptation. 

Therefore, it is expedient on the part of those who are lovers of good 
government to remove these temptations by forming a new political party, 
and I will venture to suggest a name by calling it "The True Republi- 
can." While to some it may appear unbusinesslike, but if you would con- 
sider that all businesses, unless conducted on that principle of being true 
to its declarations of its known purpose, will fail. Whether it be Demo- 
cratic or Republican, the name of either is the same in our form of gov- 
ernment, and unless they carry out the true principle under which they 
came into existence, they will fail. And believing that both have become 
so corrupt that they cannot rise above their surroundings, which only 
proves the necessity of the separation as commanded by the Scripture 
phrase, "Come out from among them and be ye separate." 



I Assurance for Success by Forming a New Political | 

S Party* | 

f ^^ 

')(< # 

It is necessary for every man, in order to protect himself and his family, 
to be an intelligent politician, and build about his home such forts as will 
guard his interests from the sweep of all prevailing influences. This is 
an old saying, "If you want anything done, you must do it yourself."" 
There are many things that one cannot do by himself, yet by co-operating 
with others it may be accomplished. 

When the old Republican party first came into power it took the place 
of the old Whig party, simply for the reason that the Whig party failed 
to do what the Republicans did, namely, abolish the traffic in negro 
slaves. While the Republican party did accomplish its purpose, it did it 
at a great sacrifice of home and life and large expenditure of money. 

As I have previously said, the desire of the liquor traffic is to keep both 
parties alive, in order that it may perpetuate its business. Now, some one 
might say why not let the Prohibition party accomplish this mission. By 
referring to 'Why the Prohibition Party Has Never Met with Success,'*' 
it will explain the utter impossibility with the existing parties where each 
is seeking for political supremacy. 

Now, in order to assist a new political party and assure them of its suc- 
cess in facing the liquor traffic, I will suggest some ways of conducting^ 
it, so that it may attain success. By forming a new party and having the 
liquor traffic as an issue, we would draw about three-fourths of the mem- 
bers of all the Protestant churches and a large per cent, of the Catholic 
members. 

Second. You would receive the support of one-third of those who are 
not identified with any church, and a number of others who have a desire 
for liquor, and who, like those people who have been bitten by a serpent, 
are waiting for its removal. 

Third. Close observation has shown that if opportunities were given to 
vote on thrs question, you would have the influence of three-fourths of 
the women, because of their dependence for their support on man. 

Fourth. You would have the economical side of the question, which 
would have great influence over the merchants and manufacturers. 

Fifth. Because of the labor question in its issues you would have the 
moral support of all the ministers, who preach about the evils of labor. 

Sixth. You would give all those people who make campaign political 
addresses something to talk about. 

Seventh. You would have three-fourths of all the newspapers and other 
periodicals writing editorials about this party. 

i88 



i89 

Eighth. You would be sure of the influence of the W. C. T. U, 
Ninth. You would have the support of two-thirds of those moral citi- 
zens not identified with any particular organization. 

Tenth. You would have the influence of the various secret societies and 
the Y. M. C. A. because of the numerous evils resulting from this liquor 
business. 

It would give all lecturers an opportunity to display a great array of 
talent and become leaders, and the more they do that kind of work, the 
more they are applauded. Because of a strong desire to win as well as the 
natural desire to secure the spoils of the various offices, this would trans- 
form many old party campaign speakers into noted temperance lecturers. 
Then there is another class of strong, home-loving people, who, when 
once aroused, would bring great strength to the new party. Their love 
for our nation, and seeing the evils of the liquor traffic as foreigners do 
not see them, they would gladly give and seek protection to their inter- 
ests. We have seen that foreigners' mode of doing business is solely for 
obtaining money, and not giving the purchaser value received, but he gives 
him instead something which poisons the body, destroys his mind, and 
damns his soul, because the Scripture says, "No drunkard shall enter the 
kingdom of heaven." 

When the true patriot becomes aroused to the fact that no business is 
legitimate unless value is given in exchange for the money, he will act. 
Many people would be perfectly willing to give up and make a sacrifice for 
the sake of others, the same as when there is a call when the nation is 
endangered, the soldier volunteers and is willing to sacrifice his life on the 
battlefield, that others may live and enjoy the blessing of a free govern- 
ment; and for the future enjoyment of those who are patriotically inclined, 
they would be promoters of this new proposed party. 

I will give a few statistics where the success of this temperance issue 
has been accomplished by voters in certain States. 

We all know that those who make a business out of politics are like all 
other business men, who count the cost before going into a new enter- 
prise; therefore, a wise man will follow out the injunctions of the Scrip- 
ture, and not build his house on the sand, but on the rock, and even if the 
winds blow and the storms come, it is sure to stand. 

The first objection to this new political party may be compared to the 
time when the spies went to view the promised land. Ten of whom came 
back ready to give up in despair of ever obtaining the fulfillment of the 
promise, because of the giants there. Now, because of the gigantic liquor 
traffic, which is supposed to have the best side in the manipulation of poli- 
tics, backed by large sums of money, it makes many people feel as did the 
dispairing spies, and they give up all hope of ever forming a new political 
party. 

In order to assist you in reasoning on the bright side, I would ask the 
question : "Can there be, or is there a possibility of arousing a true senti- 
ment in the American people to act on the principle of the Golden Rule?" 
By combining this principle with the economic side of the liquor traffic, I 
would say, "Yes." Certainly we have Joshuas and Calebs who are saying 



ipo 

to us, "We are able to go up and possess the land." Therefore, let us see : 

First. Because man by nature is good, and not as many people say, man 
is bad by nature. If this were true, a man would always prefer to do evil 
to anyone at all times. But we have evidence to the contrary, that all the 
various tribes of the world always assisted in doing good to their fellow- 
men, because goodness was the supreme quality of man's nature. 

The growth of the present surroundings and the sin of the liquor traffic 
is made possible by our present political systems offering many opportuni- 
ties to tempt men, also to combine and form trusts, in order that they may 
procure higher prices on the ordinary necessities of life, which is far 
worse than usury. The same law should be applied to the trusts, because 
of the great injustice that is being done by them in charging these ex- 
orbitant prices for the necessities of life, and that would be a great factor 
in making votes. 

Then there is another great opportunity for winning votes, by present- 
ing the economical and beneficial side, just as it does in all the presidential 
campaigns. 

I have previously stated that the saloon-keeper controls 2,500,000 votes. 
Out of this number there may be 1,250,000 who, because of the excessive 
use, have been bitten, as Scripture says, "It biteth like a serpent and sting- 
eth like an adder." The sting has become unendurable owing to the loss 
of property, the loss of friends, the loss of good character, and the loss of 
business. These would only be too glad to use their influence in voting 
for the new party. They would be willing to destroy the serpent that bites 
them, and why should they not? for if that party should be elected to 
power it would have the Government in its control and would create laws, 
and not be subject to the same influence which our laws are now being 
enforced in the municipal governments, where even the juries are some- 
times bribed. 

There are others of the 1,250,000 who are on the dark side of this prob- 
lem like the Scribes of biblical days. They argue as follows : 

First. The man that says^ "I can drink or let it alone," but never lets 
it alone, is the one that has so much to say about sumptuory laws and per- 
sonal liberty, as I have written on Sumptuory. These are the ones who 
are detrimental to good government. 

Then there is another dangerous class of people who try to deceive 
others and make them believe that they make conditions worse by abolish- 
ing the license system. These put up arguments that it will injure busi- 
ness and make taxes higher, because of the loss of revenue that is derived 
from the liquor business. They say it is natural for man to drink, and if 
he does not abuse himself in one way, he will in another, and that liquor 
is a necessary evil. They say that if you indulge in over-eating, it is just 
as bad as drinking liquor, and that the Prohibition party does not prohibit 
this, and that it would lead to "speak-easies," so that we might just as well 
let them have it. 

I have shown you the dark side of the possibilities of establishing a new 
political party. Now I will endeavor to show the bright side, and try to 
overcome these objections. Environments have caused a man to be what 



191 

he is, or the manner in which many people make their living is the way^ 
they will continue to do. After carefully considering this statement, you 
will see its truthfulness. 

It is a common saying that it is a poor rule that will not work both, 
ways ; therefore, if money causes people to do wrong, then money will, 
cause people to do right. Since this is true, it would be a very easy task 
to show the voter that there is more money and more happiness in this 
world by supporting a political party that will better his condition than: 
there is otherwise for him. On these two conditions depends the con- 
trolling of the human race, and to lead them to a higher ideal of living 
for the present and future. 

Just as man can be made to praise man, so can he be made to admire a 
political party when he receives proper knowledge concerning it, for the 
old maxim says, "possession is nine points of the law." The same could 
be applied under these conditions. If you start right, you have nine points 
in your favor. I will endeavor to show you how you can start right and. 
accomplish the results as herein proposed. 

First. Those who approve of this new proposal, and contemplate being 
one of the helpers, should thoroughly examine themselves and ascertain 
whether their motives are not purely selfish ; that is, no one will be bene- 
fitted but yourself. But if at any time, by the work that you are about 
to engage in, others will be benefitted and helped physically, mentally and. 
financially, and their lives be made more pleasant, and at the same time 
benefit yourself by this action, it will result in the greatest good to the 
greatest number of people. 

This would carry out the act of reciprocity as set forth by J. G. Blaine,, 
when he wanted to establish trade with other nations. To justify this sel- 
fish motive and to relieve my conscience, it is my duty to do the acts. By 
this principle all our lives are governed, as woe be to the person that 
knoweth his duty and doeth it not, possessing the spirit of our forefathers 
during the Revolutionary War, and following out the principles of our 
Constitution. 

Now, let all those men who are in office, or all of Government Senators, 
Congressmen and Assemblymen take and carefully consider the principles 
as herein set forth. 

To impress them with the great importance of this, I would remind' 
them of the fact that those men who are elected to office are the servants 
of the people and are expected to act for their best interests, and if you 
have erred in judgment, you are excusable, but you are morally responsi- 
ble if you do not endeavor to acquire the proper knowledge. For example, 
if an employee of the railroad company wrecks a train because of neglect, 
and many lives are lost, the railroad is held criminally responsible. I hope 
that you may all be so impressed with this comparison, and that you wilF 
be inspired to greater diligence in trying to do more philanthropic work 
for the betterment of mankind. 



192 

"THE MILLIONS ARE READY." 
[Clipping from "The New Voice."] 

In Massachusetts alone, last year, 235,000 men voted no license in vari- 
ous towns and cities of that Commonwealth. Observe, in that one State 
more men voted "no-license" than voted in the whole country for the Pro- 
hibition party in 1900 — 26,000 more. The vote for Massachusetts alone for 
""no-license," in 1903, was about 19,000 less than the vote for the whole 
country for the Prohibition party in 1904. There are few States in which 
the statistics can be thus exactly given, but the number of voters may be 
-approximately inferred from a territorial estimate, as follows (the item 
towns including cities) : What might be done if the 235,000 no-license 
voters of Massachusetts were once to act together they could control the 
State. They could obtain any laW they might wish. If the millions of 
no-license voters in the nation were but known to each other, and acting 
together, they could transform this nation as yeast leavens bread. The 
whole temperance power of the nation could be converged upon any needy 
locality — the best speakers, the best organizrs, the most abundant literature 
sent, all cheer and aid given. Legislatures, Governors, Congressmen and 
Presidents could be so influenced. Even now, if we could come before 
Congress and say, "There are six, seven, eight million voters in Prohibi- 
•tion States, counties and towns who demand this measure," we could 
pass the Hepburn-Doliver bill with a rush, and without any enfeebling 
amendment. 

It is not my purpose to make a political party out of the church, as it 
would surely fail, as the church has not the experience in politics and it 
is out of her sphere of work. It is like two partners who agree to go in 
partnership with good motives. One has the experience, and the other 
.the capital. The church has the capital and can produce the vote, but she 
Jacks the experience. 



•*'- Si 

If >,f 

I Indictment for Malfice in Office; Against Those | 

I Who Execute Our Laws^ t 



-/V'/S-'/f'/f'/v— Jv-'iS—A-'/ 



.^^^Jl^-v^^J'«.»^'. 



'ifiCifii—ii" 



The man who is on trial before the court is largely the victim of his 
environments. As our nation is made up of individuals, I would propose 
that those having the controlling power of the Government be placed on 
trial, as they are like many other individuals, who will not listen when 
their friends advise them and tell them of their faults. They go on un- 
heedingly, and instead of acting for the betterment of mankind, devise 
ways and means of extending the liquor business, not only in the United 
States, but into the heathen countries. Because of these wilful acts and 
neglect of duty, I propose to carry on a trial and bring the following in- 
dictments : 

First. Our nation has gone into partnership with the liquor business. 

Second. It controls the best interests of its people in cities where they 
have by a majority of votes declared that they do not want liquor traffic. 
The Government will sell to any individual the Government license for 
$25, and they have the privilege of selling liquor in quantities not less than 
a quart. 

Third. Because of this act they are violating the Constitution of the 
United States, where it says "all men are born free and equal." 

Fourth. Because of the wilful act in licensing liquor in the city of Wash- 
ington, D. C., the capital city of the nation. 

Fifth. They have licensed hotels near the State Capitol, where liquor 
may be secured, and makes it convenient for them to imbibe, and it is a 
matter of great importance that our law-makers should have clear brains, 
"because of the possibility of their making unjust laws, thereby doing great 
harm and injustice to the country. 

Sixth. Because of the wilful neglect during the past forty years of mak- 
ing laws for the betterment of the people and for the indifference on the 
part of those who are elected to high offices, as not any of the Presidents 
of the United States who have been elected during that tim have ever 
made mention of the liquor traffic as a business detrimental to the pros- 
perity of the country. 

Seventh. Because of the ill effect on the people who abuse themselves 
hy the use of alcoholic liquors, and are made slaves to the drink habit, 
their votes are purchased by the party of the first part, therefore, all in 
office are indictable. 

Eighth. They make it possible for any court trying a liquor case to 

193 
13 



194 

commit perjury because of the self-interest concerned therein, as it is ille- 
gal for any one to be on a jury whose personal interests are involved, or, 
if the person on the jury has created a desire for liquor, he should be 
challenged because of the unnatural desire which would influence his bet- 
ter judgment. 

Ninth. Many of our railroad accidents can be traced directly to persons 
who were victims of the drink habit, and three-fourths of the crimes that 
are committed are always traceable to the use of liquor. This causes a 
large expenditure on the part of many municipal governments in conduct- 
ing the court trials and supporting the criminals and paupers. Because of 
this, the taxpayers are compelled to pay exorbitant taxes, and are being 
individually robbed. 

Tenth. The licensing of the liquor traffic is a direct violation of God's 
law as given in the Ten Commandments, because our laws are founded on 
God's law, therefore, it is just as inconsistent to license the sale of liquor 
as it would be to license any one of the Ten Commandments. 

In all the civil and criminal courts those who are connected with a busi- 
ness or a criminal trial are held equally responsible according to the ex- 
tent of the interest in which they are involved in the case. For example, 
if the proprietor of a speak-easy be tried in court, you must take into con- 
sideration that he derives the profit, and in the same manner the officials 
of our Government receive money through revenues. This money goes 
into the United States Treasury, and from this the officials receive their 
salaries. In other words, those who conduct the business affairs of the 
Government are responsible for and complacent with the liquor traffic, 
because they raise f.ioney in that way to carry on the government, and 
because of this co-partnership between the Government and liquor dealers 
we are all, in an indirect way, compelled to pay tax to support paupers and 
criminals and court charges growing out of this business. 



t f 

I Should Not the Government be Held Responsible :| 
I for the Damages Growing Out of the Liquor j 

I Traffic? , i 

8= i 

A business that is conducted by a person who gives the purchaser value 
received is called an inherent right. The purchaser and seller have equal 
rights. The business that requires a license to sell is called co-inherent — - 
that is, a person cannot sell unless he makes some obligation to some one,, 
thus involving the Government, States and municipalities, just the same 
as all other businesses involve those connected with them in sharing the 
profit and loss. The manufacturer who uses wood alcohol is held crimi- 
nally responsible should any one be poisoned from the product he manu- 
factures. This point is illustrated by the following clipping : 
"wood aIvCohol in bodies.'' 

"Wood alcohol in quantities sufficient to cause death has been found 
in the stomachs of the three supposed victims of poisoned whiskey in the 
so-called Stryker Farm district, according to a report made to Coroner 
Scholar to-day by the chemist of the Board of Health. 

"Following the sudden death of not less than a score of persons near 
Tenth avenue and Firty-eighth street, an investigation disclosed that in- 
ferior whiskey was being sold. One saloon was closed, samples of whiskey 
were taken from every saloon in the district, and the stomachs of three 
of the victims were sent to the Board of Health." 

Alcohol made from grain or saccharine substance is also a poison, but 
it requires larger doses to kill. Since it is a poison, it requires a grad- 
uate pharmacist to sell it, but instead people are allowed to do their own 
prescribing. Why should they be permitted to do this, as they have no 
more right to injure themselves than any one else. 

If any one should believe that it helps him as a medicine, then why 
should he take it when he is well? He must have caught the alcoholic dis- 
ease, and he keeps on taking liquor for this disease. Acting on this prin- 
ciple, is It consistent for our government to license places where people 
can go and contract this disease, and charge a physician $500 for the privi- 
lege of contracting a disease to cure those who have caught this disease? 

All men know the difference in value between a diseased man and a 
good, healthy man. In the days of slavery, if the owner knew that he 
had a diseased slave, he would put him up for sale and cast him off on 
some one else, because his value to his master had become lessened. 

195 



196 

It is estimated that we have 2,500,000 slaves to the drink habit, and 
there are various grades in their value. It largely depends on the posi- 
tion which they are expected to fill and upon the faithful performance of 
their duties. 

Ask the mother or father who have sent their sons to college, expecting 
them to rise to great honor, which, perhaps, he would have done had he 
not caught the liquor disease. Ask the parents how much they value their 
sons. Ask the wife how much she thought of her husband at the time he 
was an honor to his family and supported them. Ask her now of his 
value, when she is compelled to go out to work in order to maintain her 
family; and she is afraid to leave her child, because the husband might 
come in and do the child an injury, or pawn her clothes, in order to ap- 
pease the appetite which he created at the Government canteen, dispensary, 
or saloon. 

It is estimated that it costs $5,000 to raise a son until he is 21 years of 
age. If those fathers and mothers should bring suit against the Govern- 
ment for loss of life, reputation, health and maintenance, we would have 
a bill of damages running up into the billions, which would bankrupt our 
Government. 

Would it not be just as consistent for these parents to bring suit against 
the Government as for an employee to bring suit against his employer for 
•some supposed negligence, or against a physician who had prescribed 
poison to his patient? 

Why should not the government be responsible? If a person pays the 
■price of a railroad ticket, and the train runs into an open draw and he is 
injured, the company is held responsible. So should it be with the Gov- 
ernment. The Government has taken money from those who have en- 
gaged in the liquor business and all injuries of wrecked humanity can be 
traced back to the Government. 

If a person should be in the liquor business and any one should attempt 
to defraud him of his rights by force, the Government would stand by and 
guard and protect him and see that he is not molested. This illustration 
shows that the Government is complacent with the liquor traffic. It could 
stop this business if the people of the Government were wiser. It has the 
power to prevent the licensing of the District of Columbia. It has the 
power of over-riding a law governing the State rights. 

The Government has the power to act in the manufacture of pure food 

laws. 

It has the power to stop the manufacture of liquor, and the people could 
not go to the saloon for drink if there was none. It had power to stop 
the Louisiana lottery business. 

It had the power to stop the immigration of the Chinese. 

Some people might say that they are bound to have it. Can you not 
make a law to prevent them? An answer to this question is found 011 
page 134, "Why People are Bound to Have Liquor, and Why You Can't 
Prevent Them." 

People say that liquor is good when you are sick,, good when you are 
well, good when you are cold, and good when you are warm. It is just 



197 -► 

like a great many people who are good at doing everything, and in reality 
are good for nothing at all, except to bother other people. 

Up to the present time, science has found no value in liquor as a medi- 
cine, except its use in the various arts and in preserving reptiles and for 
embalming purposes. 

It is an undisputed fact that people who are accustomed to the heavy 
drinking of alcoholic liquors die suddenly, and sometimes there has been 
occasion to remove their bodies. When, found, they are in perfect condi- 
tion, and no decomposition has set in. The Scripture says, "No drunkard 
shall enter the Kingdom of Heaven." Since no decomposition takes place, 
there is no chance for the spirit to leave the body and go where it be- 
longs. In justice to the drunkard, I think he should be entitled to a bet- 
ter place than hell, for he has had hell on earth in trying to refrain from 
the tempting cup, because those who have graft and greed in their make- 
up shape the environments so that the people are enticed into disease- 
breeding places. 

Science has found no use for liquor to the living, then it should be 
sent to the unknown as a beverage and be declared a nuisance, and it is 
the duty of every one to do this. It is the duty of the board of health to 
declare any disease-breeding place a nuisance, and it is the duty of all 
those in power, as far as possible to remove this curse from society, be- 
cause of the great annoyance it causes, besides the expense. The tax- 
payer has to pay $16.00 for every dollar collected. If this is true, then 
the question arises to all those who are responsible for its creation and 
perpetuation. And if the liquor business is to be continued, I believe the 
sanity of those who are responsible should be treated. And, in order to 
economize and save the expense of a physician, I would suggest that we 
use the same method as the insane asylums, namely, place the victim in a 
large cistern and turn on the water spigot. If he has enough sense to 
turn it off, then his reasoning faculties are not unbalanced. 

If those in office should reason on this subject, and should deem it ad- 
visable to use their authority, they could bring the liquor traffic to an end 
without organizing a new political party. 



I The Brewer's and Distifler's Rights, and What | 
I the Government Should Do» t 






Those who are interested about what to do with the liquor traffic should 
interest themselves as to how it may be controlled. 

To all those people who believe in equity, as the writer, and not desire 
anyone to be the loser unless they are reimbursed, I would act the part of 
a benefactor to all. By these reimbursements on the part of the Govern- 
ment, to all those whose business and property is injured by the adoption 
of the herein proposed, because of the close relationship between the liquor 
traffic and the Government — that is, the liquor traffic is a creature of the 
Government, just as father and son are related — there would be a loss. 

The liquor traffic would not or could not exist if it were not for the acts 
of the Government officials ; therefore, it must be a father. Then, if this 
is so, the son is entitled to his portion, because he has acted in a depen- 
dent and submissive spirit. It is only natural that the Government, or 
father, of the liquor business has been receiving large revenues from the 
distillers and brewers, should in turn reimburse them for the property, 
or purchase the same, and for their good will. 

As I have previously stated, the slave-making drink habit is largely due 
to the Civil War, when there was a change in the handling of the colored 
slaves north, south, east, and west, the abolition of slave-handling should 
have been settled amicably and peacefully, and without the shedding of 
blood. 

As I have heretofore shown you, the power of money will influence men 
in all positions of life, and this power could be used by the Government 
in purchasing all the various manufactories of alcoholic drinks. 

If one should take into consideration what a cosmopolitan nation wc 
have, combining the problem of the colored race, it should behoove the 
rulers of our Government to turn their attention to a higher development 
and education of mankind, instead of always considering the commercial 
prosperity of our nation, as the Government should have done by pur- 
chasing all the negroes in the days of slavery, the Civil War could have 
been prevented. By paying the owners the price of each slave, they would 
have received their freedom in the most natural way. But as the Govern- 
ment did not do the right thing at the right time, like many other condi- 
tions in our lives, these negative conditions have grown beyond our con- 
trol, and as a wise man profits by his mistakes, let the Government profit 
By its former mistakes and purchase all the places that handle alcoholic 

198 



199 

drinks. Do not let the Government be less reluctant to rectify its mis- 
takes than individuals. It is explained more clearly why the Government 
should have control of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic liquors on 
"Issues Proposed for New Political Party," where we treat the subject 
of a platform for a new political party. 

The advantage of this would be to change the condition of business from 
a personal greed to a general benefit to the entire country. 

The profits derived by the Government from the manufacture of such 
liquors used in arts and sciences and for medicinal purposes would benefit 
the taxpayers. It would exempt the Government from being responsible 
for the liquor traffic and the receiving of blood money and slave-making 
to the drink habit. It would also do away with a large amount of political 
corruption, as heretofore mentioned. 

Another reason why the Government should control the liquor traffic is 
because "speak-easies" would be abolished as well as all other places of 
manufacturing and selling liquor, because the general public would know 
that if any one should attempt to manufacture liquor it would be illegal, 
and the people would be ready to inform the Government officials of any 
such places, because the loyal citizens would be interested in the Govern- 
ment and they would see that all the liquors were purchased at such places 
that were under the control of the Government. 

Another reason why the Government should control the liquor traffic is 
because the Government is in a position to enforce her laws, and the law- 
breaking people would fear the enforcement much more than that of any 
State or municipal laws, because of the "power behind the throne," as it 
would have the military power of the Government if needed, the same as 
has been the case in many of the labor riots. 

Another reason why the Government should control the manufacture 
and sale of the liquor business is for its own protection in its perpetuation. 
There is a common saying that "a chain is no stronger than its weakest 
link." As this is true, our nation is no stronger than the morals of its 
people. You cannot expect one mob to quell or subdue another mob if 
they knew that one was in sympathy with them. 

Again, you cannot enforce laws when public sentiment believes that the 
law it bad within itself. This is the condition of the great mass of the 
people to-day. They feel that they are being imposed upon. 

There is a great injustice in the enforcement of the money power as 
represented by the trusts. There is a common saying that "the love of 
money is the root of all evil." This same principle controls those who 
have been conducting the liquor traffic business since the Civil War. 
Therefore, I would insist that this proposal be carried into effect by the 
Government as soon as possible. 



St "A- 

:<^ '''^ 

il< The Saloon Keeper's Legal Rights* % 

i 4 

The saloon-keeper feels th^t he has the same rights as those given to 
other business men, and he puts out his sign to let the public know his 
line of business. No one is compelled to go into the saloon, but it stands 
to reason that if one man does not take a store and establish a saloon, 
some one else will ; therefore, by obtaining twelve signers in his ward he 
procures a license and sells liquor. 

He knows that by paying the sum of $300 or $500 for a license he will 
be allowed to engage in a business. He is not much disturbed about the 
moral side of the business, because it is legally sanctioned. This opportu- 
nity tempts him to go into the business regardless of the crime and sorrow 
he produces to those who drink at his bar. He feels that he has paid for 
this privilege and that the curse will fall on those who have sold the li- 
cense instead of himself; and is he not justified in so feeling? 

Considerable is being said that the saloon-keeper is responsible for the 
saloon's crimes. If I were on the jury to decide a case like this, I would 
acquit the saloon-keeper and hold the twelve men who signed his paper 
as responsible for the crime. The voter should morally be held responsi- 
ble in the second place, and the excise man in the third, as the excise man 
is elected by the people to do certain things. Notwithstanding all this, I 
would excuse the man that had created the desire for drink, as he is not 
the proper person to be condemned because he had been controlled by his 
appetite, allowing his better judgment to be perverted, and he is no longer 
a normal man. 

The above three parties make it possible for the saloon-keeper to start 
in the manufacturing business like all other business men, and he seeks 
the best ways and means for increasing his business and perpetuating it. 
They know that the old drinkers take the largest drinks and are the poor- 
est pay. He is sure of them because they have undergone the transform- 
ing process, and instead of having control over himself, he is controlled 
by his appetite, because a transformation has taken place, and the saloon- 
keeper feels there is no need for advertising, as the results of this process 
are fit subjects for display. 

In the saloon-keeper's business the great secret lies in knowing how to 
create an appetite for his wares. I have not learned this secret from being 
in' the business, yet I am familiar with the method, as a reformer who 
was once in the business told me about it. They procure the raw mate- 
rials—that is, the boys and young men, and unless they continue its prac- 

200 



201 



tise, it would be impossible for them to run their business, just the same 
as a saw-mill cannot be run without logs. 

Just how this transformation takes place is phenomenal, unless it is 
known by the manufacturers, and they can disclose to the public how 
they take a good, honest citizen and transform him into a thug, bum, wife- 
beater, gambler and anarchist, and many other types of miserable hu- 
manity. 

Let the reader imagine how he would like to be separated from all his. 
good associates and always be compelled to remain with the above-men- 
tioned classes of people. Can you picture a worse hell than that would 
be? Yet they are about and among us. 

Taking all these facts into consideration, I would still legally acquit the 
saloon-keeper of responsibility, but not morally. 

If the saloon business is made legal by the votes of the Republican form 
of government, and they believe that the licensing of saloons is the right 
thing to do, it would be equally right for some one to license the Ten 
Commandments, which say, "Thou shalt not," as it is a moral question. 
He does not seek the business through choice, because he knows that he 
could make his living just as easily through another business. He does. 
it because he is subject to temptation, and it is the Lord's Prayer, "Lead us 
not into temptation and deliver us from evil," therefore, let us be charit- 
able in our treatment of him. 

It is the duty of those who have taken the oath of office to try to induce 
the people to do right, and it is just as eas.y to do right as it is to do 
wrong. If you make proper conditions by electing men to office who 
should not make laws granting persons privileges to do wrong, and then 
seize on the results of such wrong-doings and try them in the courts, and 
allow him to go free after charging up the ten days' board, he will be ar- 
rested again and ten more days' board will be charged up. 

In some cities the policeman receives one-half of the fine for each arrest 
he makes. Looking back, you will see that the man that committed the 
crime is not the one to blame, but "John Barleycorn" is to blame, because 
he tempted the man to drink. The manner in which this business is con- 
ducted is the most contemptible piece of hypocrisy that can possibly be 
practised on any people. 

This liquor business often brings trouble to the saloon-keeper in a social 
way; that is, he is compelled to associate with a lower class of people as 
customers. He must do this in order to make his business profitable, and 
very frequently becomes dissipated because of too much drinking with 
his customers. These men are to be pitied rather than condemned. They 
are simply subjected to environments and these low customs and habits 
are contracted unintentionally. The foreigner comes over to America to 
seek employment in order that he may live and support his family as. 
other men do. But because of custom they continue to be controlled by 
the temptation, but they are not unlike others because of their environ- 
ments and the only remedy is, "change your environments." 



!| How to Control the Liquor Business Without a | 
t License or a Party to Control U | 

DIRECTOR OF DEPARTMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT AT WASHINGTON 
STRONGLY INDORSES THE REFERENDUM. 

[By George H. Shibley.] 

There is an evolution in political systems the same as in all other in- 
stitutions. Evil after evil has arisen to give way to something higher. 
Machine rule is subject to the same law. 

Machine rule is rooted in the delegate convention system, which first 
■came into being in New York State in 1813, nationally in 1832, and is 
rapidly passing out of existence, being supplanted by a direct vote system 
as to nominations and a system for direct voting on public questions. 

In Wisconsin, Minnesota, Oregon and in all the Southern States there 
is installed a direct nominations system, and the movement is rapidly 
.spreading. 

The direct vote system on public questions has had a steady development 
since 1776, and is completely installed in Oregon and South Dakota, also 
in Switzerland ; a constitutional amendment for the initiative and referen- 
•dum has been submitted in Montana by unanimous vote in the present 
Legislature ; a constitutional amendment has been adopted by the people 
of Utah, and the same is true in Nevada. The people of Illinois by ad- 
visory vote have instructed the Legislature to submit a constitutional 
amendment for the initiative and referendum ; while in every State the 
organized wage-earners and other of the industrial forces are battling 
against machine rule by demanding the establishment of the people's sover- 
eignty through a right to a direct vote on public questions. 

In national affairs the /\merican Federation of Labor, representing one- 
'cighth of the people of the covmtry. is conducting an active campaign for 
the advisory initiative and advisory referendum, declaring that the re-estab- 
lishment of a direct vote system on national public questions is the domi- 
nant issue. 

Eleven State Granges have declared for the initiative and referendum, 
and the National Grange has repeatedly declared for majority rule. The 
Farmers' National Congress has declared for the referendum. 

The anti-monopoly business interests are awakening to the fact that the 
only way they can get protection against railway discrimination and other 
monopoly evils is through the establishment of a direct vote on railway 

202 



203 

legislation and other monopoly issues. In Massachusetts last year the 
lousiness interests helped to elect a Democratic Governor because he advo- 
cated an advisory referendum on the tariff question. 

Religious teachers are actively working against the rule of the few 
through the machine, declaring that the referendum is a moral issue and 
of fundamental importance. 

NATIONAL LEADERS ARE PLEDGED. 

Nationally, there are many Congressmen and Senators who are pledged 
to vote for the immediate establishment of the referendum principle, and 
this program for terminating Senate rule and other forms of machine rule 
has been strongly indorsed by President Roosevelt. 

The latest reinforcement for the referendum cause is the improved cam- 
paign system adopted by the Pennsylvania State Federation of Labor at 
its convention at Williamsport. 

Three political inventions are bringing quick relief: 

I. This movement against machine rule is conducted by the labor unions, 
farmers' granges and other organizations that make no nominations for 
public office. They are securing legislative relief through a systematic 
questioning of the candidates of all the parties as to whether, if elected, 
they will vote for the establishment of the referendum system. This pre- 
vents an evasion of the issue, and the self-interest of the candidates com- 
pels them to pledge, and in writing, provided one or more of the candi- 
dates stand ready to make the question a live issue, or if an organization 
or a few individuals mean business. 

Here is a system which completely checkmates the machine politicians. 
Their power has and does consist in their ability to sidetrack vital reforms, 
a power that is terminated at once by the systematic questioning of candi- 
dates. In Montana, for example, two years ago, the State conventions of 
both the leading parties refused to promise to submit a constitutional 
amendment for the initiative and referendum ; but the systematic and 
vigorous questioning of candidates by the State Federation of Labor and 
its affiliated bodies, followed by petitions to the Legislature, secured a 
unanimous vote in the House and more than a majority vote in the Senate, 
thereby reversing the action of both the great parties. This year the 
State conventions of both the Republican and Democratic parties pledged 
to submit the constitutional amendment, also to enact a direct nominations 
law, and to establish a railroad commission. The Legislature has submit- 
ted the constitutional amendment, and by a unanimous vote. 

In the following States the trade unions are specially active in question- 
ing candidates as to the establishment of the people's sovereignty: Cali- 
fornia, Colorado, Missouri, Illinois, Minnesota, Michigan, Massachusetts 
and in Maine. The recent convention of the Pennsylvania State Federa- 
tion of Labor at Williamsport reaffirmed the program, improved the sys- 
tem, indorsed President Roosevelt's demand for a democratic republic, 
received a fraternal delegate from the Pennsylvania State Grange and 



204 

elected a delegate to the next State Grange meeting, approved the referen- 
dum measures and direct nominations system agreed upon by the legisla- 
tive committees of the State Federation of Labor and State Grange, and 
provided for an immediate campaign throughout the State for the imme- 
diate termination of machine rule in the cities and villages and for the 
termination of machine rule in State affairs at the opening of the next 
general assembly, and to help carry the State for national majority rale in 
next year's campaign. 

AUTOCRACIES ARE SIMIIvAR. 

2, The rule of the few, through party machines,; operates as do all 
autocracies. The ruling few exert every ounce of strength to keep them- 
selves in power, consequently the machine-controlled General Assemblies 
refuse to submit constitutional amendments for the initiative and referen- 
dum, and refuse to enact statutes for the initative and referendum in mu- 
nicipalities. This holding of the people in machine-rule bondage has re- 
sulted in a political invention that was first known as the Winnetka sys- 
tem, and is how termed the advisory initiative and advisory referendum 

At Winnetka, 111., a suburb of Chicago, the Village Council, some ten 
years ago, was about to give away a forty-year gas franchise. The wide- 
awake business men and lawyers objected, and at a regular monthly meet- 
ing for the discussion of public questions a resolution was adopted asking 
for an advisory referendum vote of the citizens. The resolution was pre- 
sented at the next meeting of the Village Council, and one of the remon^ 
strants, Henry D. Lloyd, was given the privilege of the floor. His speech^ 
combined with the other favorable factors, resulted in a reluctant con^ 'nl 
by the board. The advisory referendum was taken, and only four votes 
were cast for the gas franchise, with i8o against it. 

This settled the gas franchise, and it did much more. At the next cau- 
cus for the nomination of Village Councilmen a resolution was adopted 
that only such candidates should be nominated for the Village Council as 
would rise before their fellow-citizens and promise that, if elected, they 
would submit all important measures to an advisory referendum and be 
governed by the people's verdict. Each candidate as nominated stood up 
and pledged, and as the nominations were equivalent to an election, the 
people's sovereignty in local affairs became at once an established fact. 

For ten years the system has worked perfectly. The advisory referen- 
dum system can be applied in State and nation, thereby getting around the 
obstruction of a practically unalterable Constitution in national affairs and 
a long campaign in State affairs. 

During the winter of 1900-1901 there was secured from the Illinois Leg- 
islature an advisory initiative law, applicable to State and municipal affairs. 
Under this system Chicago has voted twice for city ownership of the street 
railways and lighting plants, and the people of the State have instructed 
the Legislature as to several important measures, including a constitutional 



205 

amendment for the initiative and referendum and a law for direct nomina- 
tions. 

The Winnetka system was adopted by the City Council of Detroit, Mich., 
in 1902, and the same year the advisory initiative, as well as the advisory 
referendum, was installed at Geneva, 111., by the Village Council. The fol- 
lowing January the Geneva system was adopted by the City Council of 
Toronto, Canada. Soon afterward the advisory referendum was installed 
by the City Council at Waco, Texas, also at Houston, since which time 
Houston has amended its charter by incorporating the initiative and refer- 
endum. Buffalo, N. Y., having failed to secure from the Legislature an 
advisory initiative system, installed one herself by the questioning of can- 
didates for Aldermen and Mayor. 

EXAMPLE IN PENNSYLVANIA. 

At Johnstown, Pa., in the recent city election, the Democratic candidate 
for Mayor made the referendum a party issue; and his Republican op- 
ponent fought it. The issue was raised by a statement by the Democratic 
candidate that, if elected, he would exercise his veto power as to all im- 
portant measures in accordance with the will of the people, to be ascer- 
tained by a postal card referendum. In the campaign the issue was whether 
the voters should vote for the establishment of their own sovereignty or 
the continuation of the rule of a machine. The Democratic vote was in- 
creased 23 per cent, and the Republican machine was ousted. 

The advisory initiative and advisory referendum system existed previous 
to the delegate convention. At town meetings and at mass meetings the 
people voted direct on city. State and national issues, their verdict being 
an instruction which the representatives were pledged to obey. Proof of 
this is the town meeting records and the bill of rights in State constitu- 
tions. 

The State program of the Pennsylvania Grange and Pennsylvania Fed- 
eration of Labor is this : After the city campaigns shall have been con- 
ducted during the coming fifteen months the State campaign will be at 
hand and the candidates for the Legislature will be questioned as follows : 

If elected, will you vote for the immediate establishment of rules of pro- 
cedure for the advisory initiative and advisory referendum? and will you 
obey the will of your constituents when expressed by referendum vote? 

In the rural districts these questions will be asked in each county by the 
chairman of the Grange Committee, and in the cities and villages by the 
chairman of the Legislative Committees of the trade unions. Other or- 
ganizations can question candidates, and, equally important, the citizens 
who attend the mass meetings can and will ask questions. The candidates 
will not be able to evade the issue, and therefore will have to pledge for it. 

Immediately after the advisory initiative system is installed there will be 
filed an advisory initiative petition for a constitutional amendment for the 
initiative and referendum ; also an advisory initiative bill for the imme- 



206 

diate establishment of the initiative and referendum in municipalities and 
a bill for direct nominations, also an advisory initiative measure for im- 
proving the election laws. 

A METHOD OF PROCEDURE. 

3. Nationally, the program of the American Federation of Labor, the 
Pennsylvania State Grange and other organizations is for the establish- 
ment of the advisory initiative and advisory referendum at the opening of 
the Congress to be elected next year. The majority vote in the Senate is 
to be secured by pledging, as follows, the candidates for the Legislature : 

If elected, will you vote to instruct the hold-over Senators — instruct them 
to establish the advisory initiative and advisory referendum? and will you 
vote only for such candidates for the United States Senate as shall be 
pledged to the direct-vote system? also will you vote to establish by State 
law the necessary machinery for taking a referendum vote whenever Con- 
gress shall so order? 

Each candidate for Congress and for the Legislature will be asking the 
people to vote for him, and it follows that if he is not permitted to evade 
answering the questions as to the establishment of the people's sovereignty 
he will be obliged to promise to vote for it or be defeated. 

Isn't it clear that the sovereign powers of the Senate and of party gov- 
ernment itself are likely to be terminated as the result of next year's cam- 
paign? President Roosevelt can carry through the desired railway legis- 
lation if a direct vote of the people is secured, and not otherwise. This 
fact, combined with the enormous movement for the establishment of the 
people's sovereignty in place of trust rule, outlined above, ought surely to 
result in the questioning of legislative candidates in next year's campaign 
and so effectually that few of them can evade the issue. 

Reviewing what has been said, it is seen that the rule of the few through 
party machines is due to the delegate convention system, and that this 
system is giving place to a higher and better form of government — guarded 
representative government. The development is part of the evolutionary 
process, the only question being: "When will there be a re-establishment 
of self-government?" Three political inventions are hastening the glad 
day. As quickly as the direct vote system is re-established all will be plain 
sailing, as is the case to-day in the Western States and in Switzerland. 
Reform after reform can then readily take place. 

To Worthy Master W. F. Hill, of the Pennsylvania State Grange, and 
President E. E. Greenawalt, of the Pennsylvania State Federation of La- 
bor, and their co-workers, is due the splendid movement for the re-estab- 
lishment of the people's sovereignty in Pennsylvania. Among all the East- 
ern and Central States this side of Illinois, Pennsylvania is leading against 
machine rule, due entirely to the wide-awake, fearless and incorruptible 
leaders of the State Grange and State Federation of Labor. 



The license system is directly in harmony with the wishes of the manu- 
facturer and vendor, because they are protected by law. It would be far 



207 

more honorable and businesslike, as well as profitable, to all the taxpayers,, 
to go back to former methods and let all sell it who wish, as there is no- 
restriction to the drinking of it, because anyone that wants to drink liquor 
can do so without a license. 

The only thing that I would recommend for the drunkard would be to 
give him so many lashes at a whipping-post for every time that he gets, 
intoxicated. This kind of a law would be compared to Blackstone's funda- 
mental principle of common sense, reasoning and justice. 

If every state should agree to do as herein proposed, we would all be 
acting in accordance to the universal law of man. The next question is, 
Does it pay to license saloons ? This same question arose when the north- 
ern States held slaves, and when it did not pay them to raise cotton they 
let the slaves go free. 

This same question should be considered to-day. Does it pay to license 
saloons and make slaves to the drink habit? Our law-makers should con- 
sider the advisability of adopting the Hepburn-Doliver principle, that no 
liquor shall come into the State only for medicinal purposes. This could 
be effectively done by the method known as the referendum. 

To accomplish this they would have to be allowed the privilege of a 
vote, which would have to be granted by the Legislature, and this would 
mean a bitter contest between the contending forces, the Legislature, the 
manufacturer and the saloon man, as well as the voters at the ballot-box. 
I will show how this can be accomplished. I do not desire to lead one 
into the wilderness for forty years, unless I can show them the way out 
to the Promised Land. The road may appear dark to many, but those who 
say there are giants there, let them ask themselves whether they are a 
party to the conditions, because all votes are supposed to register convic- 
tions. If they do not do this, the next best thing for them to do is not to- 
vote with any party at all, and thereby subject themselves to a monarchial 
government. 

If you propose to continue as you have in the past by supporting political 
parties which dare not adopt these issues, because you believe that by their 
adoption they would benefit you, and be a great help to all the people, 
whether they be Democrats, Republicans, or Prohibitionists. Such a voter 
is like a dancer who dances to the tune of a fiddle, and he allows the na- 
tion to control his conviction when he favors the liquor traffic. They help 
to elect men to office who favor the liquor traffic, and the saloon-keepers 
vote for them and induce others to do the same, in order that their busi- 
ness may be perpetuated. Not being content with destruction in the United 
States, they seek to export their liquid poison to the nation's dependent 
colonies. The same ship which carries missionaries to convert the 
heathens carries barrels of whiskey, and even though the heathen may pro- 
test against this, they are compelled to receive it. One would suppose that 
the rulers of our Government thought it cheaper to kill them off with fire 
water than by war. 

Notwithstanding all the knowledge that Christian America possesses, 
100,000 persons die annually from the drink habit. One would suppose 



208 

that the death rate would increase only among the heathens because of 
their limited knowledge, yet we have proof that such is not the case, and 
we do know that this is the case in a thoroughly civilized nation. 

We all know that our present condition is the result of political power, 
and that power is sustained by votes, and that you vote the same kind of 
a ticket that the saloon-keeper does. 

The saloon-keepers control 2,500,000 votes annually — that is, alloting ten 
votes to every saloon. These slaves are the votes which the liquor dealers 
bank on. By having such a commodity on the market it makes it easy on 
'election day for the liquor men to corner them in the manner in which 
some slave-holders did before the war, as he held slaves and he expected 
liis slaves to vote with him. 

Because of the existence of the above-named conditions, I am more 
deeply impressed with the necessity of having a change politically. This 
would naturally mean a change in the business affairs of the party elected 
to power. It could be brought about by passing such laws in the State 
and government as would positively remove it from politics. But because 
of long customs and habits they have become fastened on the American 
people, and it would require a political party whose principles and issues 
are opposed to licensing the liquor traffic to change it. 

The great necessity of having such a new political party arises from th(3 
inherent qualities of man, one being of a divine nature, and the other fol- 
lowing the thirst for the almighty dollar, caused by graft, greed and avarice. 
For these they sacrifice honor and principle for the sake of having an 
opportunity to promote the interests of either the Democratic or Republi- 
can party, knowing that they would both ignore and refuse to adopt cer- 
tain issues which represent the moral side in politics. Furthermore, be- 
cause of the absolute necessity of having a strong political party to cham- 
pion the abolition of the liquor traffic, we beseech and implore the party 
that is now in power to adopt these principles in their platform. 

It might pass with a unanimous vote for its approval, but if it should 
meet with defeat, why not let the minority act true to their convictions. 
Believing your cause to be right, you are bound to win in the end, and 
that you still propose to form a new political party out of the old Demo- 
cratic, Republican and Prohibition parties, by adopting the name of "True 
Republican." 

You would then only be taking up and doing the work that the Republi- 
can party ought to do, or rather, what it professes to do, but has failed. 
Some great misfortune has befallen them because they were not true to 
their responsibilities, and had not done what they had agreed to do. The 
word "true" embodies both principle and name. 

When a party fails to act for the betterment of mankind, it ceases to be 
a party, and the word "true" has great significance and is comprehended 
by the smallest child as well as by the greatest men. The people would 
realize the profoundness of its meaning, and the "New Republican Party" 
would supplant the old; just as it was with the wall of Jerusalem, when 
they thought it was better to rebuild the old wall in its place, rather than 



209 

build a new one altogether. But to be fair with those who believe that the 
abolition of the liquor traffic can be accomplished without a political party, 
I can only compare them to the old lady who read in the Bible that, "If 
you had as much faith as a grain of mustard seed, it could remove moun- 
tains." Her home being overshadowed by a large mountain, she pro- 
ceeded to pray for it to be removed. When she arose in the morning, and 
seeing that the mountain was still there, she said that it was just as she 
had expected, and because of the mountains of wealth which this nation 
possesses, which so many have built up for themselves, and worship it 
like the golden calf, they attribute the success of the same to the old Re- 
publican party, instead of giving credit to the Creator of the world, and 
want to take all the credit for themselves. To illustrate this, it is like the 
man who applied for a government position during Cleveland's administra- 
tion, and to establish his confidence in the President's estimation, told w.^at 
he had done to build up the place where he resided, but in reply the Presi- 
dent asked him if the place had not built him up, and instead of a Republi 
can party building up our great commercial business in iron, coal, and the 
wealth of various other minerals have built up the nation. It is like an 
incident of an Irishman who was being shown the beauties of Niagara 
Falls, and was asked what he thought about it. He replied that he did 
not think it was so wonderful, because the water could not help running 
over the falls. Neither could the nation help becoming wealthy when you 
consider all the knowledge and skill and inventions of those who had pro- 
moted them, and because of the golden calf that had been dug out of the 
mountain, it will take more than prayers to remove it, as it is impossible to 
separate those who were allied with the G. O. P. as it would to separate 
the water of Niagara Falls 
14 



I The Government Should Appropriate $10,000,000 i 
I Annually for Educational Purposes* | 



if^'j^^'^^if'^^^^^^^f 



The necessity of appropriating $10,000,000 annually to assist for the pre- 
vention of further degradation of man, and to erect institutions of re- 
form, would indeed be a blessing to humanity. I have previously endeav- 
ored to show the great importance of a change for the higher development 
of man. Now, in order to accomplish this it requires money. It is not 
my desire to make our Government a parental one, but on the same 
grounds that our Government has the right to appropriate millions of 
dollars for the various improvements in commercial interests,' it is her 
right and duty to appropriate money for educational purposes for specific 
work, because past conditions have shorn the church and other institu- 
tions of the strength and power necessary to equip the nation for present 
emergencies, knowing the life of the nation depends on the proper training 
and education in the home. This same principle could be applied to the 
treachery of the liquor traffic. And as they educate and maintain other 
interests by causing a fixed habit, the church is not equal to its needs, and 
our Government is waiting to be helped out of its dilemma, and the church 
is awaiting a political helper. It therefore appears to be a case of the 
blind leading the blind. 

The entire affair takes on the form of reciprocity, and may be compared 
to some lawyers who are seeking practice. They have to resort to the 
procuring of rum cases in order that they may make their living, or as 
some evangelists who depend on benevolence for their reward. When one 
sees a drunken wretch coming out of a Government saloon, it is his busi- 
ness to take him to some mission and reform him and start him on the 
right road. This is the kind of work that makes material for the evangel- 
ists and lawyers, and because of such, it might cause him to vote with a 
party that makes business for his support. 

The educational problem is a very important one to consider. The hu- 
man race has developed from barbarism by this agency. Knowledge is of 
value and use. While the education received may appear a personal mat- 
ter, yet it is not. It is not like so many goods and chattels to the nation. 
It is like sunshine, sending its beams of light upon all others, and because 
of its usefulness to the individual you could compare it to some valuable 
machine, capable of performing a great amount of work, and the whole 
of its construction was due to the education which man had previously 
obtained. 

210 



211 

Higher education has built up the nation, and if it were not for the great 
knowledge of our statesmen, coupled with the nation's wealth, we should 
not have grown so great. There possibly may be other bright diamonds 
still obscured. All that is needed is the opportunity to bring them to a 
condition where they may let their light shine on others, just as the great 
men impart their knowledge. 

If we should consider the nature of our Government and the character 
of those who come to our country, and the condition of our colored peo- 
ple, we should not only feel responsible for their education but the educa- 
tion of all classes that such environments might be created as would 
Americanize all and do away with much of our labor trouble. 

Some one may ask why do we not have public schools, churches and 
Y. M. C. A. ? They are all essential for the purpose of building up a 
human machine ; but w^hat is a machine good for if it does not possess a. 
principle or the consciousness of moral power? This particular branch of 
education is defective in instructing the young men how they may prevent 
themselves from being subjected to the influence of evil environments. He 
is brought into this world with a saloon on one corner and a tobacco store 
on the other, and our sons will learn more out of them than they do in 
college ; therefore, to counteract these conditions, I insist that our Govern- 
ment should make this appropriation herein named. 

This condition of affairs has caused a woman's crusade in Ohio and a 
Carrie Nation to be developed. While I do not approve of the methods 
named above, yet her object is worthy of consideration. She is trying to 
destroy the roaring lion who is "going about seeking whom he may de- 
vour." The principle involved is like Sampson's riddle, knowing that if 
he did not slay the lion, the lion would have slain him. 

Out of the strong comes forth the weak. For instance, take a poor, 
weak man who has been spending all his money at the saloon instead of the 
butcher shop. When the lion of the liquor traffic is killed, then out of the 
bitter cometh forth the sweet, and when delivered from the bitter pangs 
of the liquor traffic, which has now destroyed so many people, the bitter 
will be turned into sweet. 

Carrie Nation should be taught to have the faith of Daniel when he 
was placed in the den of lions. Even though she sees that the lion of the 
liquor traffic is slowly poisoning her boy to death, let her trust in the 
promise of the Lord, that "Vengeance is mine, I will repay." 

The voters should be taught to vote with a party whose principles are 
for the betterment of mankind, and to have faith in performing proper 
acts, and God will direct the issue. Some one will tell him that the coun- 
try will go to ruin if the other party gets into power, and his dinner pail 
will be empty. 

There are millions of women to-day who have the same spirit as Carrie 
Nation, but do not have the courage. They have been educated to be pa- 
tient. W^e want to convince them that it is not always necessary to "sow 



212 

wild oats" in order to learn of the genuine. Neither must you taste the 
bitter to know that there is a sweet. 

We do not want the merchant to learn through actual loss by the licens- 
ing of the liquor traffic he is losing hundreds of thousands of dollars each 
year through decrease in the sale of goods. We do not want the manuac- 
turer to be compelled to learn, by bitter experience, through disappointment 
of the habits of employes, when, by hiring sober and skilful workmen, he 
would gain additional thousands of dollars annually. Nor do we want to 
compel those who lose a thousand dollars annually, directly or indirectly 
through bad debts, to believe that the cause of all this is in that they have 
been supporting a political party which is the cause of it. We do not want 
the laboring man to be compelled to learn by experience that the Govern- 
ment saloons are robbing him of his money, because his labor is his capi- 
tal, and by supporting them it is like a man who is pounding his own 
head with a brick. 

[See Liquor Traffic and Wages.] 



I The Emigrant Question^ |: 

I Indiscrimination in Admitting Imigrants to the | 
I United States* | 

FOREIGN NATIONS TO BE TOI.D TO KEEP THEIR Px\UPERS AND CRIMINALS — THEN 

FOR STRICT EAW. 

[By Angus McSween.] 

So conclusive are the reports sent to the Department of Commerce and 
Labor, and referred by the department to the President, in showing that 
foreign governments have acted in collusion with steamship companies in 
sending undesirable immigrants to this country, that not only is it probable 
the State Department will take action through diplomatic channels, but it 
is thought the President will ask Congress for legislation restricting immi- 
gration and imposing such penalties for violation of the immigration law as 
to immediately correct existing evils. 

The report of Special Agent Marcus Braun from Hungary, was returned 
to Secretary Metcalf by the President. The President read it carefully, 
and has sent it back to the Department of Commerce and Labor for safe- 
keeping. 

All the officers of the department who know the contents of the report 
have been cautioned against discussing it ; but it is admitted that it makes 
sensational revelations respecting the participation of European govern- 
ments in a general plot to flood this country with the scum of their re- 
spective populations. 

This is the feature of the situation of which the Administration feels 
compelled to take cognizance. 

WIEE DEMAND CESSATION. 

The Government of the United States cannot expect other governments 
to aid in enforcing laws of this country. But when it is shown that the 
governments themselves are parties to a general conspiracy to induce their 
own citizens to violate the laws of this nation after arrival here, the matter 
becomes one for diplomatic representations, and demand that the practice 
cease. 

There is no question that the latter action will be taken as a preliminary 
to a request for legislation that will impose much greater restrictions upon 
immigration. 

For the present year immigration will exceed all previous records. It 
it now estimated that not less than one million aliens will have been ad- 

213 



214 

mitted to the country when the year closes. This is nearly one-eightieth 
of the entire population of the United States. 

The President has not decided definitely what action should be taken ; 
but he will ask that some plan be worked out which will make a repetition 
of this enormous inflow of aliens impossible. 

Two or three plans have been suggested, and are being considered by 
the immigration authorities. 

One of these is to limit the number of immigrants to certain figures, and 
to apportion to each nation its quota. This idea was embodied in a bill 
presented to Congress at its last session by Representative Bertie Adams, 
of Philadelphia. It was one of Mr. Adams' proudest achievements ; but 
its practicability has not been demonstrated. 

Another plan is to increase the head tax upon immigrants to $25 or 
more, which would have the effect, it is thought, of preventing thousands 
from attempting to come here. 

A third is to require an educational qualification ; but inasmuch as many 
of the criminal classes in Europe have received some education, the effect- 
iveness of this restriction is doubted. 

Reports from Marcus Braun and other special agents of the Govern- 
ment, while they have caused a sensation in Administration circles, have 
simplified the situation. 

Information they are sending the Government not only makes it easier 
to determine the character of legislation required to meet the necessities of 
the case, but enables the immigration authoritis to guard against the per- 
petration of such frauds as Mr. Braun's report reveals. 

In connection with the general subject of immigration restriction and its 
problems, it is asserted by immigration authorities that China is no longer 
desirous of sending laborers to this country. Coolies are in great demand 
in South Africa, and the Chinese government receives a bonus of 30 shil- 
lings for every man furnished. 

IMMIGRATION PLOT NOT KNOWN IN PHILADELPHIA. 

Commissioner of Immigration Rodgers, when asked if the alleged plot 
of foreign nations to work undesirable aliens to this country affected this 
port, he said : 

"So far as Philadelphia is concerned, we have never received the slight- 
est evidence that such a scheme is in operation. In fact, I am positive no 
such thing could exist. Every immigrant coming to this port is subjected 
to a most rigid examination, and is refused admittance unless he has com- 
plied with every phase of the law. I have no official or unofficial knowl- 
edge that such a plot is in operation, and have grave doubts of its accu- 
racy; but, if there is any truth in the charges, all statements will have to 
come from Commissioner General Sargent, in Washington." 

The immigrant question, like many others, has both a good and bad side. 
The bad is what causes the difficulty — how shall it be regulated? There 
cannot be an effect without a cause, therefore, the only recourse or remedy 



215 

is to remove the cause, not by writing editorials, or by a number of the 
people saying that something should be done to prevent the great influx of 
indiscriminate immigrants that have been coming into the United States 
for the past 20 years, which, on an average, have been more than 500,000 
annually, and the evil effects have been growing ever since the immigrant 
law was granted because of the indiscrimination, which is the cause of the 
present condition. There are many theories for governing the influence 
of these people, so that they shall not corrupt our American-born citizens, 
knowing that their long cherished customs and habits would have their 
influence on Christian America, in changing our ways to th^ ways of the 
old world, instead of converting them to the ways of America. Many 
have become alarmed -because the numbers grow larger and larger each 
year, and at the present time number one million ; and because the inad- 
equacy of the United States as a Christian nation, they deplore the pres- 
ent condition. While we admit the state to be deplorable, it is not unlike 
other matters, of which it is said "what is everybody's business is no- 
body's," and because of this laxity of those in office to look after the needs 
of our nation, there is cause for alarm. We are compelled to wait until 
some awful calamity transpires that shall arouse public sentiment in favor 
of making some laws restricting the same. This procrastination is one of 
the greatest besetments in the make-up of human nature, and is likened to 
the old maxim of "locking the barn after the horse is stolen." 

Knowledge of our past mistakes as citizens of the United States, this 
problem is more serious than many might imagine. When we take into 
consideration our republican form of government, and the eagerness of 
the political machinery to secure power from such sources, and the large 
percentage of immigrants who are now coming into our country, and their 
willingness to be controlled and directed by political demagogues, surely 
there is great danger. It is not so much with the people coming here as 
it is with our political condition in making use of such material in a 
political way before they become accustomed to our rules and laws, such as 
our republican form of government demands. It is useless to talk to them 
in regard to their qualifications to the right of franchise. It is useless to 
name what kind of people should come to become good citizens. This, we 
have all learned by experience, when you recall those nationalities and the 
character of those who cause riots and labor troubles, who would assassi- 
nate our Presidents, it stirs up a spirit of patriotism for a short time, but 
because of the catering to and the shielding of these persons for political 
purposes by those who run the machinery, the sentiment of true patriotism 
relaxes into a state of apathy and we wait for some other terrible thing 
to happen to arouse us to the necessity of protecting ourselves and our 
national interests. Such patriotic demonstrations are like the shooting 
of fireworks on the "Fourth of July." We shoot off a large amount of 
"hot air" and then for 364 days we ask what ought to be done, without 
putting our prophecy into practise, and nothing is done to support by our 
vote the party which will legislate for the nation's needs ; but, instead, we 
console ourselves with the fact that the condition is no fault of ours. When 



2l6 

we read in the morning papers of the many murders by a certain nation- 
ality (and, if reports are correct, there were 115 murders committed in 
Chicago during the last three months through hold-ups and robberies), we 
are ready to act, for we are converted to the anti-immigration law; but 
we wait for some political leader to crystalie our sentiments into action, 
and we must exercise more patience than a poor peasant of Russia, for we 
have a greater Czar in politics than Russia has to-day. If you doubt it, 
recall the late U. G. I. "steal" and the $20,000,000 water filtering plant of 
Philadelphia, and many other like transactions. Let the reader draw on 
his imagination. What is the difference between the men who uphold the 
robbers of the city treasury of Philadelphia and those who stand by the 
robbers who hold up individual men. According to the present condition 
of affairs, Philadelphia will have to sacrifice her good name and declare 
that she is not capable of governing herself, and shall have to apply to our 
Federal Government. This is on the same principle of the States calling 
out the militia to quiet any disorder. It is remarkable when you consider 
that Philadelphia, the old Quaker city, where, over 128 years ago, the inde- 
pendence of the whole United States was declared, with its old historic 
associations, is now the leading city of the United States in corruption and 
vice. It is enough to awaken the old colonial patriots, and call them from 
their graves to rule again. 

The question of immigration should be the easiest problem to settle. It 
is a question of interest to every man, and should be left to a popular vote, 
or by the direct legislation known as the referendum, wherein every man 
can express his true sentiment of patriotism in the protection of his own 
home and against a foreign foe which has come among us, and the political 
machine that is assisting a conspiracy which will destroy any republican 
form of government. Because of these facts, every individual possessed 
of the true spirit of patriotism ought to be able to protect himself against 
cheap labor, for labor is every man's capital. We know that a greater 
supply of labor in the market is like any other commodity ; it cheapens the 
price; therefore, by our system of government the employing of pauper 
and prison labor is to make ourselves poor, and why should we support 
a political party that does not legislate in the interest of the working man? 






The Race Problem* 



The Race Problem is one that is puzzling the minds of many wise states- 
men and is second in the line of important problems. There are many- 
theories as to what should be done with the colored race. The fact re- 
mains, they are here and we are compelled to accept the inevitable, and it 
resolves itself into the fact that we, as a nation, are compelled to do some- 
thing to elevate them to a higher ideal of living. 

First. Because duty compels us. They are here by no will of their 
own, and we, professing to be a Christian nation,, are obliged to carry out 
the missionary spirit, trying to educate and Christianize them that they 
may become good citizens. We are compelled to try to elevate them for 
our self-protection, just as the Southern States have begun to realize this 
fact by endeavoring to remove from their territory the most damnable 
hinderance in the elevation of mankind, is the use of intoxicating liquors. 
By this they are compelled to reason from cause to effect. 

These conditions are causing men to open their eyes to prevent a repeti- 
tion, and knowing that a repetition will occur under the same conditions, 
that the most practical thing for the white race to do is to educate them, 
not in the higher branches but in a common school education, and on the 
line of morals and the necessity of the total abstinence from the use of 
tobacco and liquors. To accomplish this it is most expedient for the 
Southern people to remove the two named narcotics from their territory,, 
and by so doing, one dollar will go as far as three in the elevation of the 
colored race. 

The facts are based on knowing the peculiarities of the colored race. 
This being due to the wisdom of their Creator in placing them in a warm 
climate, which nature produces for the maintenance of their physical wants 
without much effort on their part to procure a living. 

Because nature has implanted a desire within them to seek the climate 
for which they were created, it makes it very difficult to make law-abiding 
citizens or implant in them a system of self-government. It is very doubt- 
ful if they ever could be educated to that high order, as in their creation 
they were not made with those inherent qualities of establishing a self- 
government, and in their condition as a race of people when first discov- 
ered in Africa proved the fact that God never intended they S(hould have 
any government. The white man, who is of a higher order, tampering, 

217 



2l8 

with God's creation, tried to make them a self-governing people by giving 
them the franchise. They are trying to improve on God's creation. I have 
said they must possess the inherent qualities to be educated or to make 
»them what they will actually develop. These same qualities exist in all 
animals ; they are made to know so much and no more. 

The white man being created by God as the highest order of animal 
'Creation, in His image. In trying to imitate God by adding to and adapt- 
ing things to conditions and purposes in the way of invention, as the col- 
ored man possesses little invention genius. This proves that there is a 
direct likeness between God and the white man. I do not infer that the 
negro is not a man, but created by God in a climate adapted to him as he 
has created all animals for all climates of all countries. This is why he 
made the pigment of the skin to be black, because in a warm climate, when 
.the sun's rays are more direct, the dark skin acts as a protector to their 
fcodies, just as a piece of smoked glass or dark glasses protects the eye 
from its bright rays. So you see in the wisdom of God, He provides for 
all our needs and never made a mistake ; but man does, because of the 
«desire for the almighty dollar, and he always will continue as long as the 
human race exists, because of the desire for greed and gain, and because of 
these mistakes of the past in not adhering to the teachings of Christ. 

The mistake made by the white man is not in bringing the negro to a 
warm climate where he might be useful in a cotton field, but by making 
'him a slave, buying and selling him. That is where the great wrong began, 
as freedom and liberty are implanted in all God's creation, whether it be 
the animal or the birds of the air, but by the act of slavery they were 
-claimed as animals, when it was never intended by God that any being 
that walked erect and had a straight spinal column should be classed as an 
animal. While they may be similar to some animals in the climate and 
country whence they came and possessing the imitative but lacking the 
inventive faculties, it proves God intended them to always procure a liv- 
ing in a warm climate. 

Without question there has been great mistakes made in the manage- 
ment of the colored race, especially giving them a right of franchise, des- 
pite the lack of knowledge how to vote and devoid of those principles that 
every voter should possess, especially that which makes it dishonorable 
to sell his vote. 

Experience has proven that 75 per cent, of the colored race will sell 
their votes, and about 25 per cent, of the white, making a dangerous pros- 
pect for our republican form of government, especially when there is 
'$5,000,000 spent by the Republican party in a Presidential campaign. Be- 
cause of such resourceful opportunities for money for the Republican party 
to draw from such as the liquor traffic and various trusts makes the race 
problem a serious matter. When you combine the purchased vote of the 
negro and the white, they are enough to control any election and because 
of this traffic in negro slaves by the Republican party as political mer- 
chandise, and the uses they make of them as a voting power, it nearly 
'destroyed the Democratic party while in slavery, and by the Republican 



219 

party using them as a medium for political purposes will destroy the Re- 
publican party, and perhaps the government. It is like many other evils 
that have grown to destroy the nation. 

They are an easy prey to habits and readily acquire the use of tobacco 
and liquor. These help to degrade them. Is it any wonder we are hear- 
ing daily of some awful crime committed by the colored race, such as 
murder, theft, riots, hold-ups in various forms, because by nature the dark 
skin is very treacherous — for example, the Indian, the Spaniard, the Mexi- 
can, the Philipino, and the Cuban. These are the most likely to commit 
atrocious crimes. 

This so enrages the public that the evils of lynching are running ram- 
pant. The writer has taken the pains to inquire of the habits of those 
that commit rape. Without exception they were accustomed to the use 
of alcohol and tobacco, and because, by nature, he was born with less 
reasoning powers to restrain his animal passion. The use of these nar- 
cotics only helps to excite him, and the larger part of such crimes commit- 
ted are due to the use and abuse of these narcotics, and because of such 
conditions this has grown up through a train of circumstances ; and be- 
cause those who are holding political positions will not legislate for fear 
some disturbance will be made in politics, and if such an attempt should 
be made, those seeking office will resort to the most corrupt method of 
procuring the office, and as I have endeavored to establish that human 
nature will not change, but changed conditions is the only remedy to cause 
man to act differently, whether it be in the State or church, as observation 
has proven that a larger part of those seeking new appointments will do 
things they would not like practised on them ; and because of such political 
corruption the churches are fast becoming corrupt. 

As the Scripture phrase says, "The blind is leading the blind, they both 
■fall into the ditch." The blindness is due to the almighty dollar. To cure 
this blindness it will necessitate having two political parties to grapple 
with these moral problems. To convince yourself of the need of such a 
party read chapters on "The Necessity for New Political Party," and "The 
Need of Plaving Two Political Parties," also, "Issues and Platforms for 
the Same." 



I The Liquor Traffic is not the Only Nuisance* i 

There are many people in the United States, in fact, over the whole 
world, who do not seem to realize that the true meaning of nuisance is- 
regarding their own rights. Webster defines "nuisance" as anything 
which tends to destroy the peace of the public. 

As this is true, it is almost like a conundrum when one says that all 
men are born free and equal, and you consider what a large part of the 
people are compelled to endure. I will endeavor to give my solution of the 
question as to what it means when we say that we are all free and equal. 

The free part applys to all, whether pleasant or disagreeable, as we all 
know that it is free to all, whatever permeates the air as free, whether it 
be the sweet perfume of the rose, or the obnoxious odor of some chemical 
works ; or, if you are compelled to sit in the same seat at an entertainment 
with a person who fills the air with the fumes of a partly decomposed food 
that is prevented from being assimilated because of the existence of liquor 
in his stomach. That is also free, and those who enjoy the fumes of that 
organ are getting that niuch in addition to the cost of his admission fee to 
the entertainment; but to those who do not enjoy it, some one of inven- 
tive genius could place on the market an invisible air filter. This would 
find large sales, as all the works on hygiene show the importance of pure 
air ; therefore, for a solution of this problem of obtaining pure air, we 
might suggest to the City of Brotherly Love that they demonstrate more 
of their philanthropic work by experimenting with an air-filter, knowing 
that she has spent several millions of dollars in experimenting with the 
filtering of water, and if they should be fortunate enough to hit upon some 
valuable improvement as an air-filter, it would be helping them out finan- 
cially in their water-filtering experiment. 

I will take the liberty of suggesting they might begin to experiment- 
There are extensive chemical works at League Island, from which offen- 
sive odors permeate the air for miles around. The experiment could be- 
gin there. But Camden, N. J., being in close proximity to Philadelphia, 
subjects itself to the most prevailing winds, getting more than her share, 
in proportion to her population. Philadelphia is more than ten times as 
large as Camden, and knowing the philanthropic inclinations of Philadel- 
phia, I do not think it would be unreasonable to insist that she would be- 
gin this air-purifying process. I feel positive that Camden will be willing 
to contribute her share for the cost of the experiment, as she is not far 

220 



221 

tehind our neighboring city in philanthropic work; she has already appro- 
priated several thousand dollars for park improvements, and as we have 
just elected a full Republican ticket, there should not be any discord in 
regard to the appropriation of the necessary funds. 

While I realize the great need of something being done legally, or other- 
wise, to abolish the chemical nuisance, yet I am rather fearful that the 
people of Philadelphia believe in the inevitable. To illustrate this: There 
was a bridal couple who came from the country to the city to spend their 
honeymoon who were not accustomed to gas, and blew it out. The land- 
lord detected the odor of gas, and rapped on the door and asked the bride 
what she thought it was, and she replied that she thought it was man's 
natural odor. 

I am afraid that the people of Philadelphia, having been accustomed to 
the unpleasant odor so long, they believe it is the city's natural odor. 

We know that Philadelphia is having a good many raps to wake her 
up, as she now has a fifty million dollar debt, with excellent prospects 
of increasing it. This kind of rapping is a sure way of waking up the 
Philadelphia taxpayers, and many other cities by the cause of these ex- 
travagances, which are largely due to the physiological effect that liquor 
has on those who become accustomed to its use, producing the influence, 
and if those who are interested in running a city on less expense will make 
themselves familiar with the habits of all those in political office, they will 
realize the cause of our troubles in the management of city affairs. 

But should Philadelphia decide to make an attempt to remove the chem- 
ical worlds nuisance, I will endeavor to give you some advice regarding 
this gas. 

CHEMICAI, FUMES. 

Do not undertake to remove it by any litigation or legal proceedings. 
If you do, you will cause the liquor traffic and the individuals interested in 
the chemical to unite and all the "power that be" on earth could never 
move the chemical nuisance, but to remove it, let the citizens band together 
and raise money to pay the Board of Health, that they may declare it a 
nuisance. The legal part of this is learned by experience, as Camden, at 
one time, was moved to take some action legally because the offensive odor 
became unbearable when she had chemical works in her city, and received 
the fumes from the League Island chemical works, which gave Camden a 
double dose. They were notified that they should abate the nuisance in 
a given time, but they stated that they had a new process which would 
do away with the offensive odor, but it was soon discovered that the new 
process was by connecting the fuse to empty into a small creek, which 
would in turn empty into a river. At that time Camden was compelled to 
use that as drinking water. The taste of the chemicals was very notice- 
able, but I think that Camden would have endured the water with its bad 
taste and injurious effects, because the people became accustomed to bad 
water, typhoid and death resulting from the same, as Camden, for many 
years, had received her water supply from the river where all the sewer- 



222 

age of Philadelphia emptied. It was soon discovered by the fishermen 
that the fish were dying, and a complaint was entered by their customers 
that the fish had a peculiar taste. When this was discovered the office- 
holders of Camden, knowing they had votes,, and they might concentrate 
that povv^er, which might work an injury to them in holding political offices, 
as the fish vote would be larger than the chemical votes, they ventured to 
start to break up the chemical processes by abating the nuisance, and they 
proceeded to act legally by the Grand Jury declaring it a nuisance. 

In passing I will say that the writer tried to be one of that body, but 
did not get there all the same. I will let the reader judge for himself 
why. But as a true bill was proposed, without my assistance, and, in the 
course of time, came to trial by jury. The testimony given was that it 
was detrimental to the city of Camden, as people had moved away on ac- 
count of its unpleasant odor^ being injurious to health and to property. 
The foreman of the jury told me what a long siege and what great per- 
suasion was necessary to get the jury to bring in a bill of indictment, and 
after a long while they all gave in but one, and it looked as if it might 
be a case of staying out all night, as there were eleven for a verdict, and 
was a case of eleven of the most contrary men that had ever met in a 
legal body. But after a while this man became ashamed of himself, 
through having incurred the displeasure of the other eleven, and he gave 
in, and agreed on the verdict of $500, and abolishing the nuisance. 

I do not know whether it was paid, but I knew that they received per- 
mission to start up again under a pretense of another new process of abat- 
ing this disagreeable odor ; but when it did not, there were talks of en- 
forcing the case as contempt of court, but through some unknown cause 
the chemical works took fire and were destroyed. 

I have given this history to show the true condition of how a large per- 
centage of the cities of the United States are governed. Human nature is 
the same,; even though it is not in the liquor business ; they are all for the 
almighty dollar, and they will annoy and injure their fellow-men regard- 
less of other people's rights. They will locate themselves in a city and 
impregnate the air and injure the water by the use of chemicals, without 
considering what injury they are doing to life and property, and still per- 
sist in continuing business. They should, in justice to every one else, be 
made to go inside of a stone wall, as there is plenty of room in the world 
to get far enough away not to injure others. There is not as much excuse 
for their existence in the city as a saloon, as that must be where the people 
are, and besides, the saloon-keeper pays for his privilege to inj ure the peo- 
ple, but the chemical manufacturers do not pay anything. If they do, it 
is not known to the public. Some people might differ regarding the com- 
parison, as the chemical works are essential to certain lines of business. 
Granting this to be so, still there is no reason why they should be allowed 
to remain to the discomfort of others. When any manufacturers or ven- 
dors trespass on the rights of others, they should be declared a nuisance 
by law and this law should be enforced. But because of such little regard 
for others, as to their rights, comforts, or pleasures, and the many mis- 



A 



223 

fortunes that grow out of such business as the liquor traffic, by referring to- 
"What the Government Has in Stock" you will be able to think more seri- 
ously of the extent to which we are all affected, and because of the great- 
sorrow produced by the unfaithfulness of husband to wife, and wife to 
husband, it gradually leads to separation. 

To illustrate : There arose a terrible gale, and the husband a^d wife- 
both expected the elements of nature would at any moment take their- 
spirits to the other world. Thinking there would be a better chance of 
Hving with the Redeemed, they made confession to each other, of their- 
unfaithfulness and wrong-doings. When the husband got through with 
his confession, his wife said, "Gabriel, blow, blow; I am ready to leave- 
the world and take my chances in the next." 

To convince oneself of the true condition of the many hundreds of thou- 
sands of people the reader should refer to the treatise by Mrs. Hunt and' 
Prof. Blaisdell's remarks on the effects of alcohol on the human system.. 
Then you would believe, with the writer, that the liquor traffic is a nui- 
sance. 



A NUISANCE THAT SHOULD NOT BE TOLERATED. 

To the Editor of the Camden Echo : 

I have noticed in various city papers that the Moro-Phillips ChemicaF 
Company works was to be rebuilt again, with a promise to abate the ob- 
noxious odors. This may appear rosy in print, but when such matters are 
given consideration it looks absurd to allow ourselves to entertain such 
promises and allow a building to be erected, when the old firm was in- 
dicted by the court, and then persisted in running in contempt of court. 

The new company states that under a new process the obnoxious odors 
are to be stopped from escaping. It may be so,i but what guarantee does 
the city have that there will be no offensive odor to injure the health, and 
comforts of the home, also damaging to the rental of property? Suppose 
the nuisance should be abated to some extent, is there any reason why we 
should be compelled to endure any nuisance? The courts say "no," but 
still they persist at the expense of health and comfort. Knowing they 
were amenable to the law criminally, the question arises, does it cost more 
to use such improvements to dispense with the chemical gases? If so, 
that is the greatest obstacle in preventing the gases from escaping, if it 
can be done, as our observation and experience with corporations cause 
us to have much doubt but what we will have about as many unpleasant 
odors as in the past. The old proverb is true, "Prevention is better than 
cure." We would recommend taxpayers and citizens to protest against 
the erection of such a nuisance in a city where 70,000 people are made to 
endure such obnoxious fumes, and the writer is willing to contribute $50 
toward the expense of stopping any further erection of such building. 
Hoping other citizens will send in their subscriptions to the Echo, that 
there can be legal proceedings against such imposition, I remain 

A Taxpayer. 



II The Evils of Life Insurance vs» Their Benefits* t 



The object in writing this chapter is to show the public the evil grow- 
ing out of a life insurance policy, and if the reader can find enough good 
to warrant him to engage in a contract with such institutions, and pay 
them from 25 to 50 per cent, to take care of his money, he should decide 
that he is not capable and fit to take care of his money himself, and should 
select a guardian for himself, regardless of the evils which may grow out 
of this. The first evil effect of the business contract is of such a nature 
that the effect on the person who purchases the life insurance policy is to 
encourage a tendency to gamble by a chance game. This only proves a 
life insurance policy to be one grade of gambling. 

With some, the procuring of a poHcy is a temptation to neglect paying 
their legitimate debts, as whatever may happen I have that much, whether 
it be an endowment policy or a straight life, and often results in a case 
of the policy-holder cheating his creditors. 

Because of this one feature, under certain financial conditions the policy- 
holder is tempted to commit suicide, that his family may get the benefit 
of the insurance. It causes thousands of persons to be murdered in vari- 
«ous ways, that they may get the insurance money. To convince oneself 
of the truthfulness of this, just recall numerous cases of the past which 
-are published in the daily papers. Often when the money is procured it is 
the cause of misuse by the wife, and often leads some one to offer mar- 
riage to her and procure the money, or to better his condition at the ex- 
pense of his wife, and when his purposes are found out it makes family 
trouble ; there may be millions of people who have their lives insured and 
:are daily making sacrifices to meet the payments, destroying much happi- 
ness because of a constant worry how to make his payments and pay his 
honest debts, and the result is that he naturally becomes discontented be- 
fcause of necessity in undertaking more than he is able to perform. The 
sacrifice will not pay for the satisfaction of being insured, besides there is 
^always a doubt as to whether he or his family will get the money. 

Owing to the artful and persevering power of the solicitor of insurance 
policy, a person is often misled and will do things contrary to his better 
judgment and the person is so influenced that he is practically hypnotised, 
because the agent is a man well educated to play on the affections of one 
desiring to provide for his family at his death instead of studying how he 
could save money himself and not allow himself to be governed by the 

224 



225 

appeals of a propensity to take the chance. This weakness of human na- 
ture will give way to such inclinations when they think there is a good 
opportunity of winning, and the act of being insured is gambling. 

The life insurance has become so general that people will make a con- 
tract or a policy without calculating the interest on the amount of money 
they will pay on it, whether it be an endowment or a straight life. 

To enable the reader to think more of this speculation, let him calculate 
the amount of money he pays to the insurance company. Then the interest 
as an example. Suppose he takes an endowment policy for $5,000, and he 
pays annually $300, and it takes twelve years to run out, you yould pay in 
actual money $3,600, the interest on the money paid would be $648. De- 
ducting the amount of money paid and the interest, he would receive 
$752.00 out of his $5,000; so you see the first payment he would make the 
interest on the same begins to make money for the insurance during the 
whole twelve years. 

You don't consider the enormous amount of money that is going into 
the insurance companies because of this inclination on the part of the 
public to gamble. Then the same man that has been insured will say the 
wealth of this country is fast going into the hands of a few, when there 
is nothing to prevent it, when millions of people will lay the money in 
their laps. 

It is estimated that a billion dollars is paid in annually for life insur- 
ance. This is why the centralization of the money power you are all the 
time helping to make is so dangerous, and it is an undisputed fact that 
one man's loss is another's gain, and as many insurance companies as 
there are, the people are that much the poorer. 

The vast amount of wealth the insurance companies possess is not the 
only thing to consider when you know some of the presidents of insurance 
companies receive from $10,000 to $20,000 annually, and are paid a large 
per cent, by taking the money that goes to the company for securing a 
policy, is it any wonder the rich are getting richer and the poor poorer? 
It is without question that insurance companies make more money insur- 
ing people as a whole than the people would make by not getting insured 
but by taking their own risk. 
IS 



I ft 

|: Why People Smoke and Use Narcotics^ t 

;"' St, 

'S ''^ 

In the wisdom of God, He created man with five senses — reason, imita- 
tive, curiosity,' covetousness, and disposition to rule. These inherent quali- 
ties, given to govern his desires, only have one balance wheel, the power 
of reasoning. The five desires are too powerful for reasoning, and be- 
cause of this, man may be likened to a motor machine without a governor. 
First, the power to imitate because of the social custom thereby destroys 
his personality ; second, curiosity leads to a desire to conquer, or 
gratify ; third, the thirst for power leads to wicked devices ; fourth, covet- 
ousness with a greed that becomes man's worst enemy, because it coils 
itself around both the user and the vendor. The user contracts the habit 
because he covets the pleasure of some one else, for he thinks he is enjoy- 
ing something that he would not, because of his abstinence, thereby break- 
ing one of the Ten Commandments. Curiosity was developed by our first 
parents in the Garden of Eden when they partook of the forbidden fruit, 
thereby displaying the spirit of disobedience. To conquer and have power 
is the next strongest foe that man has. With these he lets his desires run 
to extremes to conquer his enemy, breaking another of Christ's teachings, 
which is likened to the spirit of Alexander, who wept because he had no 
more worlds to conquer. Man becomes involved in a battle with tobacco 
to conquer it, when he awakens to the fact that it is an enemy to his phys- 
ical being. If it were not so, we would not become sick in our endeavor 
to cultivate a desire. You have to resist it in the attempt to acquire a 
habit, as it is unlike any other indulgence that the Creator intended you 
to enjoy; but greed comes to the assistance of the manufacturer and ven- 
dor by making a mild form of tobacco in the shape of a cigarette, by using 
cigar stumps and an inferior quality of the weed,, so that the enemy will 
not overpower you, or make you sick. You will then be likened to your 
father, or some other grown-up man, who will beguije a boy by his appear- 
ance, and as soon as the boy has any aspirations to appear like a man he 
has all of the above-named attributes, and a desire to do something, with 
only one power to resist it, and that is reason, and because of greed and 
the environments of the boy, which are made before he has sufficient knowl- 
edge to reason intelligently, he will force himself to create an abnormal 
condition, so that he may be like a man, or like the person whom he looks 
up -to with pride. He is simply over-powered by these named desires, for 

226 



2^7 

he must do something before the appetite is acquired; therefore, he is in- 
oculated before the appetite is formed. 

To prove this statement, let the user and non-user recall how few be- 
came addicted to the tobacco habit after they were twenty-one years of 
age. Why is it that so few form the habit late in life? It is because of 
their reasoning power. The knowledge of its evils is sufficient for them 
to see the inconsistency of its use. This whole business is not unlike the 
young man of to-day, riding along the road and asks a stranger to get in 
and take a ride, and by his deceptive powers is led into some by-way, and 
he finds out that he has unconsciously taken in an enemy. To prove that 
tobacco is your enemy, recall the fact that the first attempt to use it made 
you sick. It robs you of your money ; spoils your breath, burns your 
clothes, and makes a chimney of your nose. This is the kind of an enemy 
that you took in to ride with you, because of the vain, seductive art to play 
upon your senses before you had reached maturity or to the age of reason- 
ing. To assist the young man who has been caught, or the one who may 
perchance be allured to a fancy of using the evil weed to reason, let me 
say that the use of tobacco originated by one person being deceived into 
believing that he had conquered an enemy because he could use it with- 
out becoming injured. He was deceived. The poisonous weed had con- 
quered him, and the enemy says to him, "Pick me up and lay me down,'* 
and you obey, and your enemy gets clear of being accused of playing you 
a mean trick by calling itself a luxury. 

The boy or young man who does not desire to become a victim, as thou- 
sands of other men have, should reason that those whom they see using 
the poisonous weed in any form are only slaves, being controlled by an 
enemy to the human race, which is likened to an endless chain. One has 
caught the disease from the other by first seeing one man have a tussle and 
conquer ; and the enemy comes to you under the guise of being your friend 
and tells you it is not social or manlike to refrain from contracting the 
habit. He will say to you, throw off the feeling and do not be restrained 
by any influence like that of your mother's apron strings. But it is more 
manly to say "no" to an enemy who you are conscious is defiling your 
lips and your whole body by its obnoxious odor, and when one offers you 
a cigar, look upon it as an insult rather than a social attention, the same 
as if one should offer you poison. Then you would avoid the procuring 
of some mixtures to take to subdue the unpleasant odor of your breath, 
which you know is repulsive. If this were not so, then we would have 
no smoking cars, the purpose of which is to keep the passengers from 
contamination with the smoke : therefore, to avoid contracting the habit 
of using tobacco, the most important thought should be to ask yourself the 
question, what is the use of anything if there is no benefit derived from 
it, and it will be no use for me to attempt to conquer an enemy, as you 
know that he will leave you alone, if you leave him alone. Say to your- 
self that you will be one of those who will help to discourage its use by 
helping to form an anti-tobacco society. The Scriptures says, "If meat 



228 

causes my brother to offend, I'll eat no more meat while the world 
stands." And do not be one of those who will assist in bringing the 
prophecies of the Scripture untrue. "He that is filthy, let him be filthier 
still." Instead of the smoke of the tormentor going up forever and ever, 
the tormenting smoke will cease. Read "Cause of Money Panics." 



St. "it 

t The Effect of Tobacco on the Brain* t 

jit. SL 

There is much being said regarding the effects of alcohol on the human 
system, being the cause of many accidents, especially those occurring on 
the railroad ; yet, very little is being said about the effects of tobacco or its 
restrictions, and yet its use and non-enforcement of the law may play a 
large part in the way of accidents, rnuch greater than we are aware of. 
When we consider the laxity of the various corporations in regard to 
their employes using tobacco, especially those corporations whose business 
it is to carry the public safely to their destiny, we do not wonder that the 
number of accidents are increasing yearly. I refer especially to the Har- 
risburg wreck ; also the one at Mentor, Ohio, by running into open 
switches. It has caused me to think whether or not there was some one 
to blame other than the company not having the proper amoimt of air- 
brakes. It was reported that there was no one at fault through the cause 
of intemperance ; yet, we know that all accidents are caused through the 
fault of one or more persons, as all acts and doings are accorded to their 
ability to think. 

Tobacco produces an effect on the system. If this were not so, the 
user would cease using it; therefore, he uses it because of its effects, and 
it must produce a beneficial or an injurious effect. The writer claims that 
it must produce a deteriorating effect on the brain; also injurious to the 
sight, tl;iroiigh his observation and experience with employes. I have also 
the assurance of its bad effects from all medical works and scientific in- 
structions. As further proof of the injurious effects, four different States 
have passed laws prohibiting the sale of cigarettes to anyone under a cer- 
tain age. A cigarette is only a mild form of tobocco, and if it is injurious 
to one of younger years, it surely would be injurious to one of older 
years. 

I take the liberty to presume that the persons who had the management 
of the drill engine and the freight engineer were users of tobacco, and I 
feel confident that tobacco does produce an injurious effect on the various 
named organs of the body, especially the heart, stomach and brain. The 
digestive system is the producer of good, rich, pure blood, and as all the 
members of the body are supplied with it by the process of. digestion and 
assimilation, and as the brain needs the largest supply of blood, and if it 
fails to receive the proper kind of support from the blood, the entire think- 
ing power will be affected, because the brain controls the whole body. 

229 



230 

The person who uses tobacco would not be as alert and conscious of 
danger. 

The Scripture says that some people have one talent and some have 
five. I believe that the person given five talents who uses tobacco, by its 
use, would only possess three talents, therefore is not alert to the im- 
pending danger on account of using. Tobacco acts as an opiate, and 
unless the system is continually supplied with it, the nerves become un- 
strung, which produces a morbid effect upon the user. As this is true, 
then possibly it was the cause of the accident, which cost the railroad com- 
pany one million dollars, because of the inactivity of the brain in not per- 
forming the duty as required. 

If you injure yourself mentally or physically, you are that much less 
value to your employer, and that much less value to yourself and family. 
More especially to your employer, because when an employee gives his 
services he is expected to give his time and best intellect, and as tobacco is 
injurious to the system, and he uses it, he cannot give his best services. 
If a man's mind is taken away from his business by something that he 
took upon himself, causing him to chew, puff, spit, and smoke, his mind 
is on that while he is doing it, because 3^ou cannot think of two things at 
the same time. 

There would have been plenty of time for the railroad accident to have 
occurred while some one would be lighting his pipe ; or by its use it caused 
him to be negligent to his duty, as experience would have told him that 
by putting full force on the car-brakes there would be some danger of the 
cars buckling, and thus the people would be harmed. The same would 
apply to the engineer of the drill engine, who was on the same track, 
but the public think it should not have been on the same track. 

The writer once had an employee who was a tobacco user, and I made 
a bargain with him that if he would stop using tobacco I would give him 
$50.00. After one month's trial he returned my $50.00, saying he believed 
he would go out of his mind if he continued to go without tobacco any 
longer. 

He is not in my employ any longer, because I became convinced that 
tobacco made him unfit for my business because of the many mistakes he 
made. This is but one case out of a million, which are just as bad. They 
do not know themselves that tobacco is the cause, neither does the em- 
ployer, and if he should secure another employee, he might be just as 
badly off as the former one, because the tobacco habit has become so uni- 
versal that it is difficult to procure a person free from the vices of to- 
bacco ; but with all this difficulty, it would be a wise thing for the railroad 
company and others to look for employes who do not use tobacco nor 
drink intoxicating liquors. 

Read subject of "How Environment is the First Downward Step of 
Boy and Man." 



2:-5i 

OBEYING ORDERS. 

"Drop that cigarette, Mr. Gould," exclaimed E. H. Harriman, chairman 
of the executive meeting of the Board of Directors of the Union Pacific 
Railroad a few days ago. He was speaking to George J. Gould, director 
of the company. 

Mr. Gould looked astounded. He glanced out of the window of the 
company's office to see if the world had come to an end. 

"I mean it," said Mr. Harriman, severely. "I have just issued an order 
prohibiting cigarette smoking by any employee of the Union Pacific Rail- 
road. You are an employee of the company — you get $io every time you 
come here. So kindly put away that cigarette." 

Millionaire Gould recovered from the state of daze into which he had 
been thrown. Then he slowly dropped his cigarette. 

Then Mr. Harriman, who objects to smoking of any kind, announced 
that he thought men should not be directors in companies and make rules 
for others if they cannot obey those rules themselves. 

Just then Millionaire Jacob H. Schiff, another director, came puffing at 
a big cigar. 

Mr. Harriman made him throw it away. 

"No smoking on Union Pacific premises," he said, "by employes of the 
company." 

"Who's an employee of the company?" Mr. Schifif demanded. 

"You are," Director Harriman said. "Don't you get $io every time you 
attend a meeting?" 

The meeting was completed without tobacco. Each director as he came 
in was ordered to drop his cigar, if he had one. The directors took the 
order good naturedly, and promised to obey it faithfully at all future gath- 
erings. 

The anti-cigarette rule affects thousands of men. It has been found 
necessary by the Union Pacific Railroad because cigarette users in its em- 
ploy become "dopy" and worthless. Director Harriman said recently that 
the company might just as well go to the county lunatic asylum for its 
employes as to retain cigarette smokers in its employ at big salaries. 

Why do the young fellows who puff cigarettes and cigars, or smoke 
filthy pipes, think of the evidence furnished by the authorities of this great 
railroad system? They are far removed from sentiment and mere preju- 
dice. They are against the deadly weed because it is against their health, 
reliability and usefulness of their employes. 



t Miscellaneous* i 






NEW JERSEY'S BAR-KEEPERS. 

New Jersey has 3,810 saloon keepers, 3,610 bar-keepers, 7,420 in all, 
busy day and night making drunkards and criminals, with 2,622 clergymen 
trying to counteract this evil influence. 

In Camden three citizens covmted 1.205 men going into a corner saloon 
one Sabbath between 7 a. m. and 5 p. m. It is needless to ask why the 
men are not in the churches. Essex and Hudson counties contain more 
than a third of the population of our State. Newark, the largest city in 
Essex, has 1,283 saloons, requiring 360 policemen to make 6,399 arrests. 
Jersey City, in Hudson county, has 1,021 saloons, 250 policemen, 7.343 ar- 
rests. 

The taxpayers maintain for these, jails, prisons, penitentiaries, reforma- 
tories, police stations, judges, juries, lawyers, all requiring salaries, court 
fees, costs of prosecutions, etc. — Mrs. Emma Bourne, State President W. 
C. T. U. 



OUR TEN MILLION POOR. 

From the "Literary Digest." 

According to an estimate of Robert Hunter's, based on several years' 
experience in charity and settlement work in Chicago and New York, at 
least ten millions of our people are in a state of acute poverty at the present 
time. The word "poverty" Mr. Hunter defines in the sense in which it 
is used by Prof. Alfred Marshall. "Those who are in poverty," he says, 
"may be able to get a bare sustenance, but they are not able to obtain 
'those necessaries which will permit them to maintain a state of physical 
efficiency.' They are the large class in any industrial nation who are on 
the verge of distress. Only the most miserable of them are starving or 
dependent upon charity, but all of them are receiving too little of the com- 
mon necessities to keep themselves at their best, physically." These words 
appear in Mr. Hunter's new book, entitled "Poverty," from which we 
quote further : 

"The total number of paupers in the United States in the year 1891 was 

232 



233 

about 3,000,000. according to the estimates of Prof. Richard T. Ely and 
of Mr. Charles D. Kellogg, then the secretary of the Charity Organization 
Society of New York City. The census figures are too incomplete to be 
relied upon, but the returns from the almshouses show that the number 
of paupers increased almost as fast as population during the decade from 
1880 to 1890. In Hartford, Conn., the number of paupers increased about 
fifty per cent, during the same decade. An increase not less great took 
place in many other cities of the country. It is questionable whether the 
same increase occurred in the last decade. In two or three States a more 
economical administration of the poor-law funds, during the last decade, 
has diminished the number of persons dependent upon outdoor relief, al- 
though in several States the number of paupers has increased. But the 
figures of most of the States are too incomplete to permit of an exact 
statement concerning the increase or decrease of pauperism. Only by 
means of an estimate, such as Professor Ely made in 1891, can we gain 
any idea of the number of dependent persons. Taking a similar basis to 
the one used by him, there is every indication that not less than 4,000,000 
persons are now dependent upon the public for relief." 

Mr. Hunter goes on to give figures which show that, (i) in 1899 eigh- 
teen per cent, of the people in New York State were recipients of public 
or private charity; (2) in 1903 twenty per cent, of the people in Boston 
were in distress ; (3) in 1903 fourteen per cent, of the families of Man- 
hattan were evicted ; and (4) every year about ten per cent, of those who 
die in Manhattan have pauper burials. He continues : 

"The most conservative estimate that can fairly be made of the dis- 
tress existing in the industrial States is fourteen per cent, of the total popu- 
lation ; while in all probability no less than twenty per cent, of the people 
in these States, in ordinarily prosperous years, are in poverty. This brings 
us to the conclusion that one-fifth, or 6,600,000 persons in the States of 
New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, 
Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan are in poverty. Taking half of this per- 
centage and applying it to the other States, many of which have important 
industrial communities, as, for instance, Wisconsin, Colorado, California, 
Rhode Island, etc., the conclusion is that not less than 10,000,000 persons 
in the United States are in poverty. 

"Many indications lend themselves to the support of this conclusion. A 
very large proportion of the working classes are propertyless ; a very large 
mass of people, not only in our largest cities, but in all industrial commu- 
nities as well, live in most unhealthy conditions ; there is a high death 
rate from tuberculosis in most of our States ; a large proportion of the un- 
skilled workers receive, even when employed, wages insufficient to obtain 
the necessaries for maintaining physical efficiency ; from all indications 
the number injured and killed in dangerous trades is enormous; and, 
lastly, there is uncertainty of employment for all classes of workers. About 
thirty per cent, of the workers in the industrial States are employed only 
a part of each year, and, in consequence, suffer a serious decrease in their 
yearly wages, which, in the case of the unskilled, at least, means to suffer 



234 

poverty. Nevertheless, the estimate that somewhat over 10,000,000 persons 
in this country are in poverty does not indicate that our poverty is as great 
proportionately as that of England. But it should be said that a careful 
examination would, in all probability, disclose a greater poverty than the 
estimate indicates." 

The Philadelphia Public Ledger thinks that these figures are likely to 
startle the easy-going optimism of the American people. It adds the com- 
ment : "Strong argument may be marshaled against this classification as 
too pessimistic, but the author's facts, theories, and his treatment are '.11 
suggestive in the highest degree, and form a valuable contribution to the 
subject." 

Comment upon this information is appalling, and causes one to think of 
the cause for so many poor. I have no doubt if there had been special 
inquiry it would have been learned that tobacco and liquor were the causes 
ior the larger part of this number. 



THE RUBRIC OF RUM. 

"Have you ever noticed," asked the steady drinker, "how few of us there 
are who drink liquor without framing up some sort of an excuse for it?" 

"That I have," returned the other steady drinker, with decision ; "and, 
moreover, that there is an excuse to fit every circumstance or mood." 

"Say rather that every circumstance or mood fits some sort of drink, 
and you'll have it right," corrected the first as he finished mixing his high- 
ball. "One might add some of the sophistries and a euphemism or two 
and call it rum's ritual." 

"It strikes me that you have the right idea, but not exactly the word," 
said the one who took his liquor straight. "The rubric of rum is much 
more comprehensive, for our drinking customs are certainly fixed enough 
:and written in red on the faces of consistent followers. 

"Perhaps the oldest excuse for drinking liquor with the generation is the 
time-honored one of curing a cold. Our fathers took rum and molasses, 
and the effect was glorious. We fall back on rock and rye, which has 
just as slight an effect on the cold. In either case it is the alcohol one 
is excusing. 

"The matter of moods and drinking must be considered. You get news 
that makes you happy, and you just have to drink — champagne cocktails, 
perhaps. Your child dies, and your grief is so great that you must pour 
down the liquor. But it would be just the same if the victim of the grim- 
destroyer was your mother-in-law. To hear one of these excuses one 
would think that it was a case of cause and effect, but there really is no 
connection. 

"Every drinker knows that a cold day is an excuse for drinking. After 
being out in the open for an hour, eating up a bitter March wind, why, of 



235 

course, you need a drink. But if it is awfully hot, equally, of course, a 
man's got to take a snifter. And there is a wet day. Bless you, we'd all 
have been in our graves if it had not been for the drinks that dried us out 
on wet days. 

"There is no end of sophistries in this rubric. For instance, there is 
that argument of many followers that Scotch whisky does not give one a 
headache and that red whiskey will. If you are subject to headaches, 
drink Scotch. Yet it is the alcohol that does the work in either case. The 
flavoring that gives the different color could be put in one's eye without 
doing any damage. 

"The gin sophistry is equally well known. Gin acts on the kidneys, so 
if you fear diabetes or kindred troubles drink gin. How it acts the drink- 
ers do not know, but they stick to it through thick and thin. As a matter 
of fact, gin simply does up the kidneys if you drink enough of it, as any 
pathologist will tell you. 

"It is remarkable how many drinkers go up to a bar and quietly ask 
the bar-tender to prescribe a drink for them. 

" 'I don't know what I want this morning,' the drinker will begin. 'I'm 
suffering from heartburn.' 

"The bar-tender promptly prescribes lemon and seltzer, or a gin ricky. 
The poor victim puts more acid into his already troubled stomach and 
wonders why the heartburn still pains him. 

"You've noticed surely the lengths a drinker will go to keep from mix- 
ing his drinks and brands. He firmly believes that if he drinks more than 
one brand of whiskey, for instance, the same evening, he will have a bad 
morning after, or at least a worse one. He argues it out thus : 

"'Oh, crickey, what a headache! Let me think — what did I drink? In 
Smith's I had ten or twelve Bunter's and then we walked down to Jones', 
and there we switched the brand and had eight or nine more. That's it ! 
We switched, the brand. If I'd stuck to Bunter's I'd be feeling like a 
June morning instead of a December afternoon. Never again for mine !" 

"There are many honest folks who do not want to drink much liquor 
and stick to milk punches because it is nine parts milk. After two or 
three, they insist that they cannot be under the influence because they 
have been drinking nothing but milk punches. 

"I think most of the euphemisms come from a desire to avoid saying, 
'Give me a drink of liquor,' or, in other words, 'Hand out a glass of 
poison.' Just now the popular one is, "Take a ball,' A few years ago 
everyone who asked put it, 'Have a smile with me.' Careless soul may 
sa}'-, 'Have a jolt,' or 'Take ^ jab,' but it is only the man from the west or 
south who comes out boldly with, 'Come and have a drink of liquor,' and 
it is the bar-tender in Red Dog, and not in the Broadway rum places, who 
says cheerfully, 'Name your poison, gents.' " — New York Tribune. 



236 
A SAILOR'S SERMON. 

WHAT VICE ADMIRAL LORD CHARLES BERESFORD THINKS ABOUT DRINK — HIS" 
REASONS FOR BEING A TEETOTALER — THE DEMORALIZING EFFECTS OF THE 
TREATING HABIT — NECESSITY OF TEMPERANCE TEACHING IN SCHOOLS. 

Lord Charles Beresford, commander in chief of the British Mediter- 
ranean squadron, gave the most unequivocal personal testimony to the 
benefits of abstinence in a speech recently delivered at Gibraltar. He has 
been a popular hero since his exploit at Alexandria in 1882, when with a. 
little gunboat he engaged one of the largest Egyptian forts. He was for- 
merly commander of the channel squadron, and it was the fleet under his 
command which was recently sent by the British government to pursue 
the Russian admiral Rojestvensky during the crisis which arose after the 
slaughter of British fishermen by the Baltic fleet. 

"When I was a young man," he said, "I was an athlete. I used to box a 
great deal, ride steeplechases and races, play football and go through a 
number of competitive sports and pastimes. When I put myself in train- 
ing, which was a continual occurrence, I never drank any wine, spirits or 
beer at all, for the simple reason that I felt I could get fit quicker without 
taking any stimulants. Now I am an older man and have a position of 
great responsibility, often entailing quick thought and determination and 
instant decision, I drink no wine, spirits or beer simply because I am more 
ready for the work imposed upon me day and night, always fresh, always 
cheery and in good temper. I do not say that this regime would suit 
everybody because it suited me, but I do know it suited me and am certain- 
that I was and am more successful without any stimulant whatever than 
I should be if I took stimulants. 

"The teetotalers use a strong argument with regard to some sections of 
the community. There is no doubt that there are people who, if they 
drink a very little, must drink a good deal. The people I refer to should 
exercise their pluck and drink nothing at all. One of the most demoraliz- 
ing fashions of the day is based on simple hospitality. A man meets a. 
friend, and the first thing he says to him is, 'Have a drink.' The friend,, 
not to be outdone, returns the compliment, and so it goes on until the 
man, naturally a sober man, by the tyranny of fashion and hospitality 
drinks more than is good for him. It would be a great boon if this fash- 
ion could be done away with and a new fashion spring up in which it 
would not be the custom to say to your friend, 'Have a drink.' 

"Bad as intemperance is now, there is a tremendous improvement on 
what it was some years ago. When I first joined the service, about forty- 
five years ago, it was positively the fashion to be drunk — that is to say, 
men never came back to the ship after their leave unless they were in- 
toxicated — and I myself have many and many a time seen men, perfectly 
sober, shamming drunkenness because it was the fashion. In those days 
men were not treated with that reason and common sense with which they 
are now treated ; they were allowed ashore once in three months, and con- 
sequently had a big pay day. I like to judge others by myself, and I think 



237 

had I been placed in that position, having those high spirits which arc 
born in Irishmen, I would have added other spirits, and have often been 
found in the condition which was the custom and fashion of that day. 
Now the men are treated with reason and sympathy, and they are allowed 
to go ashore whenever possible ; the result is a tremendous and marked 
decrease in intoxication. In the fleet which I have the honor to command 
I let men go ashore on every possible occasion, and the privilege has been 
well repaid, as the leave breaking has been reduced almost to nil. The 
governor and the civil authorities inform me that they hardly ever see a 
man intoxicated in the streets, and the improvement is most satisfactory." 

Lord Charles added : 

"I do not believe that the real practical plan for creating temperance 
among our people has yet been tried. I believe that we shall never really 
get that temperance which we wish for until we have systematic scientific 
training in our elementary schools. Teach all our children, boys and girls, 
at the schools that healthy bodies make healthy minds and that health is 
the first important necessity for success, for cheery, chivalrous, manly dis- 
positions, for taking with a smile the 'downs' as well as the 'ups' of life. 
Health is the first necessity for success in every department of life. Show 
the boys and girls at schools the results of drink ; get firmly imbedded in 
their heads that the same horror ought to be attached to a drunkard as 
they attach to telling a lie, doing anything dishonest or anything unchival- 
rous or selfish toward their companions ; show them the advantage of tem- 
perance and the disadvantages of drunkenness ; show them all the charm 
that health brings and the contentment and success that go with it and 
the contemptible, sordid misery and squalor accompanying a life that is 
intemperate. Let them see that no one will ever trust a drunkard." 



THE SLAVERY OF RUM. 

Whether or not the world would be vastly benefited by a total and final 
banishment from it of all intoxicating drinks seems to me not now an 
open question. Three-fourths of mankind confess the affirmative with 
their tongues, and I believe all the rest acknowledge it in their hearts. 
And when the victory shall be complete — when there shall be neither a 
slave nor a drunkard on the earth — how proud the title of that land which 
may truly claim to be the birthplace of both those revolutions that shall 
have ended in that victory! How nobly distinguished that people who 
shall have planted and nurtured to maturity both the political and moral 
freedom of their species ! — Abraham Lincoln. 



THE RELATION OF ALCOHOL TO INSANITY. 

There can be little question that the excessive use of alcoholic stimu- 
lants is the bane of every civilized country. Despite the fact that undue 



addiction to alcoholic beverages is now recognized as the most important 
factor in racial degeneration, and that strenuous efforts are being put 
forth to stem the tide of drunkenness, but little headway has as yet been 
made toward this end. In Europe, with the possible exception of Great 
Britain, the alcoholic habit shows no signs of decrease, while in the United 
States more alcohol in various forms is consumed than ever before. The 
most effective means of abating the drink evil is by educating the people 
to a knowledge of the dire results accruing therefrom. Articles from 
recognized authorities which prove that drink is responsible for many 
forms of disease are valuable with this object in view. In an article in 
the Post-Graduate for May, Dr. Joseph Collins states that the intemperate 
use of alcohol is directly or indirectly the commonest cause of insanity. 
In fact, it is so nearly the sole cause that if alcohol could be stamped out 
for a century insanity would undoubtedly shrink in prevalence seventy- 
five per cent. This statement includes the assumption that alcohol is the 
most potent cause of poverty ; that syphilis, from which a well-defined 
form of insanity (general paresis) flows, has a direct relation to alcoholic 
intoxication ; and that disharmonies of somatic and psychical development 
during the formative stages of the individual (that is, pathological hered- 
ity) are more directly traceable to abuse of spirituous liquors than to any 
and all other causes. The writer points out, however, that it is not so 
much the amount of alcohol that a person consumes as it is the individual 
who consumes it that stands in casual relationship to insanity. The per- 
sonal equation must always be considered in studying the effects of drink. 
Among the forms of insanity directly traceable to the abuse of alcohol 
are Korsakoff's psychosis, confusional insanity, pseudoparanoia, acute alco- 
holic mania, and pseudoparesis. — Medical Record. 



THE DRINK OF CONQUERORS. 

Harper's Weekly, after giving statistics as to the amount of coffee, tea, 
and fermented and distilled liquors consumed in England, France, Russia,, 
and the United States, says: 

"A theory which was at one time viewed with favor by some ethnologists 
was to the effect that the people which habitually consumed the most alco- 
hol, in either a fermented or a distilled form, were most apt to prove suc- 
cessful in the struggle for existence. According to this theory Christian 
nations should never experience any difficulty in vanquishing Moslems, 
nor the Russians in beating the Japanese. As a matter of fact, the con- 
quest of Russia in the thirteenth century by the descendants of Genghis 
Khan, a conquest maintained for upward of two hundred years, was ac- 
complished by a people that, outside of water, never drank anything but 
milk, either fresh or sour, or fermented in the form of kumyss." 



239 

THE BATH IN SICKNESS. 
The daily bath is a necessity when in good health ; it is even of more 
importance when our system is weakened and upset by disease. Anatomy 
teaches us that the little sweat glands of our bodies excrete about twenty 
ounces of perspiration, on an average, during the twenty-four hours ; the 
importance, therefore, of keeping the pores open, and daily washing away 
the surplus not absorbed by air or clothing, is plainly visible. During an 
illness the machinery of the body is called upon to do double work fighting 
the disease, and we must give it all the help possible by keeping the skin 
in good working order. — Harper's Bazar. 



FIVE-CENT RUM SELLER LECTURED BY COURT. 



INDICATED THAT LICENSE APPLICANT OEEERED INDUCEMENTS TO BEGGARS — IN- 
FORMED OF HIS DUTY — ANOTHER SALOON MAN CHARGED WITH SELLING 
LIQUOR TO SERVANT GIRLS. 

After hearing the case against William H. Byrne, proprietor of a saloon 
at the corner of Seventh and South streets, and who sells five-cent drinks, 
of whisky. Judge Bregy, of the License Court, delivered a homily on the 
conduct of a bar. 

It was alleged that Byrne's saloon was a lounging place for beggars and 
undesirable persons. D. C. Gibboney, secretary of the Law and Order 
Society, asked Byrne : 

"Don't you offer special inducements to beggars in the shape of five-cent 
whisky?" 

"We sell five-cent whisky," answered the witness, "but don't cater to 
beggars. Some persons will not drink anything but five-cent whisky." 

Thereupon Judge Bregy said: 

"If your license is not revoked and you escape this year, it should be a 
lesson to you to know that your duty is outside, as well as inside, your 
saloon. 

TELLS HIM HIS DUTY. 

"When a tavern becomes a nuisance to the neighborhood through the 
congregation of idle and undesirable persons, it is the duty of the Court 
to remove the tavern. 

"It is your duty to keep the outside clear of such persons, and, if neces- 
sary, call the policemen to keep it clear. You chose the neighborhood. If 
it is a low neighborhood, you selected it knowingly, and if there were 
extra duties imposed you have to take them with the place or lose the 
license." 

Because he regarded it to the detriment of neighboring households, ow- 
ing to the fondness of servants for liquor, a witness against Herman 



240 

Speier, whose saloon is situated at 1621-23 Frankford avenue, objected. 
The witness declared that an automatic piano was kept in operation while 
the neighbors were compelled to lie awake at nights. 

He declared that Speier sold liquor to servant girls, with the conse- 
quence that domestic work was neglected. Other neighbors corroborated 
the man. It also was testified that men and women were disorderly after 
quitting the saloon, and that young women were served with drinks. 

CAUSED DISTURBANCES. 

Even a policeman testified against Speier. He was Policeman Quick- 
sail, of the Girard avenue station. He said he saw a mother seek her 
daughter in Speier's saloon, on March 4. The girl apparently was 18 
years old, and she fought her mother. 

Policeman Quicks^ll said the place was kept open all night, and that 
he had been called to quell several disturbances caused by persons who had 
imbibed too freely in Speier's saloon. 

In their own defense, Speier and his wife blamed a man named Voight, 
who keeps an oyster saloon next door, for their troubles. They accused 
Voight of selling liquor to retaliate against Speier for selling cheap lunches. 
Voight denied the story. 



AMERICAN LAWLESSNESS— LARGER NUMBER OF MURDERS 
IN GEORGIA IN ONE YEAR THAN IN BRITISH EMPIRE. 

Anglo-Saxon reverence for law can hardly survive a trip across the At- 
lantic Ocean, according to John Martin, who was the Saturday morning 
speaker at the League for Political Education. When Mr. Martin first 
landed in the port of New York he had, it appears, some "paltry photo- 
graphic materials" which he was so misguided as to "declare" on the blank 
handed to him for that ostensible purpose. 

"I shall never forget," said Mr. Martin, "the surprise of the customs 
official when he looked at that paper. He practically told me that I had 
been a fool, but that since I was such a greenhorn I would have to pay 
the duty. I hope you won't ask me what I have done on subsequent occa- 
sions of a like nature." 

Mr. Martin was talking about "American Lawlessness," and the same 
spirit which he discovered at the Custom House he found to be rampant 
everywhere else in the United States. 

"In Colorado," he said, "there have been ten years of sporadic civic war; 
ten years of assaults, murders and dynamitings too hideous to detail. I 
have myself seen men hunted upon the mountains like partridges. Such 
things are done quite openly, and no one denies them. Yet in all this time 
there has not been a single conviction for an offence arising out of a labor 
dispute. 

"This is the breakdown of democracy, and if these conditions are to 



241 

continue democracy can only be regarded as a system of government tem- 
pered by ready revolution, when property seems to be in danger. Com- 
parisons, as Mrs. Malaprop said, are odorous, but in no country of West- 
ern Europe would anything approaching these conditions be possible. 

As an indication of the general lawlessness of the country, Mr. Martin 
quoted the number of murders committed here. 

"The United States," he said, "commits more murders than any Euro- 
pean country except Russia, and more even than the "unspeakable Turk.' 
In the State of Georgia alone, according to the testimony of a Georgia 
judge, more murders are committed in a year than in the whole British 
Empire." 



LIQUOR AND LONGEVITY. 

At the annual meeting of the American Association of Life Insurance 
Examining Surgeons, Dr. T. D. Crothers, of Hartford, Conn., read a 
paper entitled "How Fiar Does the Moderate Use of Alcohol Affect Long- 
evity?" 

He maintained that recent scientific study has shown that alcohol is a 
depressant even in small doses, and that it disturbs the blood circulation 
and deranges the metabolism of the body. Experience, he said, proves 
that small quantities of spirits retard growths in animal life as well as 
in the vegetable world. Besides its poisonous effects, alcohol literally pro- 
duces starvation. English statistics practically show that it increases mor- 
tality and diminishes longevity in from 25 to 40 per cent, of all cases. 

Studies of heredity prove that the moderate drinker is a greater risk 
than the total abstainer and that his mortality is increased, the risk being 
increased with the amount of spirits taken. He claimed, also, that no 
other poison is so dangerous, both directly and indirectly, in diminishing 
the vital forces. 

Whisky, even in moderation, is a heavy handicap for a young man. It 
bars his way to the best positions and hinders his advancement in the 
places he can secure. It combines the worst characteristics of an indi- 
vidual wnth the subtle power of a drug. It deceives with false promises 
and unfits a man for successful effort. Whisky is an enemy to every- 
thing that makes life worth living. — Banner of Gold. 



W^HISKY "GOOD" OR "BAD"— INGERSOLL'S EULOGY OF 

WHISKY. 

I send you some of the most wonderful whisky that ever drove the 
skeleton from the feast or painted landscapes in the brain of man. It is 
the mingled souls of wheat and corn. In it you will find the sunshine and 
16 



242 

shadow that chased each other over the billowy fields, the breath of June, 
the carol of the lark, the dew of night, the wealth of summer and au- 
tumn's rich content, all golden with imprisoned light. Drink it, and you 
will hear the voice of men and maidens singing the "Harvest Home," 
mingled with the laughter of children. Drink it, and you will feel within 
your blood the star-led dawns, the dreamy, tawny dusks of perfect days. 
For forty years this liquid joy has been within staves of oak, longing to 
touch the lips of man. 

Having seen the baleful results of whisky in almshouses, insane asylums, 
hospitals, prisons, and in the tragic deaths and more tragic lives of many 
boyhood and manhood acquaintances, and in the utter degradation and dis- 
integration of families once wealthy and respected, w^e proposed the fol- 
lowing as more true, if less rhetorical : 

THE DIREFUL W^ORK OF WHISKY. 

I send you some of the most wonderful whisky that ever brought a 
skeleton into the closet or painted scenes of lust and bloodshed in the 
brain of man. It is the ghosts of wheat and corn crazed by the loss of 
their natural bodies. In it you will find a transient sunshine chased by a 
shadow as cold as an arctic midnight in which the breath of June grows 
icy, and the carol of the lark gives place to the foreboding cry of the 
raven. 

Drink it, and you shall have "woe," "sorrow," "babbling," and "wounds 
without cause ;" "your eyes shall behold strange women," and "your heart 
shall utter perverse things." Drink it deep, and you shall hear the voices 
of demons shrieking, women wailing, and worse than orphaned children 
mourning the loss of a father who yet lives. Drink it deep and long, and 
serpents will hiss in your ears, coil themselves about your neck, and seize 
you with their fangs ; for "at the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth 
like an adder." For forty years this liquid death has been within staves 
of oak, harmless there as purest water. I send it to you that you may 
"put an enemy in your mouth to steal away your brains." And yet I call 
myself your friend. 



ACTION OF ALCOHOI^WHY AND HOW IT MAKES A MAN 

INTOXICATED. 



a scientific explanation of a much too common phenomenon — fur- 
furol/' a heretofore unknown element, the germ of drunkenness. 

"When alcoholic liquors are drunk the effect is, of course, first percep- 
tible on the lips and tongue, then on the throat and stomach and after the 
lapse of a short time on the system in general," said a leading St. Louis 
chemist to a Globe-Democrat reporter. 



^43 

"This effect is slightly irritant in character, the degree of irritation de- 
pending on the proportion of alcohol present. The more alcohol the 
greater the irritation. 

''The first effect of liquor is a stimulating one. The heart muscle does 
more work; the blood courses more swiftly through the veins; the nerve 
centers and nerve fibers feel the stimulation, and the supply of blood to 
the brain is increased, thus stimulating thought, action and emotion. 

"It is in this stage that men feel that glow of good fellowship which 
leads them to declare their love and admiration first for themselves and 
their own achievements and then for their fellow men. 

"During this preliminary stage, when the system is under the stimulation 
referred to, there is a general sense of what the French so aptly term 'bien 
aise,' but for which the best equivalent we have is the phrase 'well being.' 
Not only are the physical centers uplifted, but often the moral ones as 
well. It is no uncommon thing to hear a man in his cups bewail his fail- 
ures and firmly avow his determination to do better. This is due not so 
much to any personal equation on the part of the subject as to the de- 
cided stimulation of the brain, particularly those portions in which the 
centers of thought and emotion are seated. This stimulation is, of course^ 
but temporary, though it may be prolonged for a short period by repeti- 
tion of the dose. 

"After passing through the digestive organs the alcohol enters the blood 
unchanged. Here, meeting with the alkalinity of the blood, the alcohol 
becomes acid and sets free the active principle of intoxication, which has 
been termed "furfurol.' In intoxication we have to deal first with ethylic 
alcohol, of which fusel oil has long been considered the most active ele- 
ment. Recent investigations have proved that it is a heretofore unknown 
element of this fusel oil which causes all the trouble. By a process of 
elimination this element has been separated and so recognized and named 
furfurol. It has also been found that this element is not separated or set 
free from the alcohol until it encounters a certain element in the blood for 
which it has an affinity. Therefore, while the alcohol is passing through- 
the digestive organs, not having yet been passed on into the blood, and 
thence into the general circulation, it is only the pleasant features of a 
mild systemic stimulation which are experienced. 

"Once the alcohol has passed into the circulation, however, the trouble 
begins. Under the stimulation already referred to the heart muscles have 
been working harder, the veins and arteries have expanded to accommo- 
date the increased flow of blood, the brain and nerve centers have become 
more active by the stimulation being artificial and coming from without 
rather than from within ; these organs, once the momentary stimulus fails, 
begin to flag, and all the effect is lost. It is just so that an engine making 
an unusual spurt of speed under extra pressure of steam slows down and 
finally stops when steam is withdrawn. 

"It seems paradoxical that furfurol, a constituent of alcohol, should act 
the very opposite of alcohol. Prior to its entrance into the circulation we 
have seen that the effects on the body are pleasant when taken in small 



244 

quantities. When a large amount is taken it of course passes proportion- 
ately quicker into the blood, and its evil effects are more apparent. Being 
of a highly irritating character, it sets up a state of inflammation, more or 
less acute, in all the tissues with which it comes in contact. Passing 
through the veins and arteries, already expanded by stimulation, its irri- 
tating qualities cause them to contract, and so circulation is impeded. The 
delicate sheaths of the nerves also feel it and convey the sense of irrita- 
tion to the brain, where it is impressed and recorded. This, then, is what 
brings about the irritable and quarrelsome stage of drunkenness. 

"In subjects long accustomed to alcohol, of course, this element in time 
loses some of its power, and larger and still larger doses are taken in 
order to obtain the accustomed effect. The body tissues, having felt the 
irritation, strive to adapt themselves to it, but with very poor results. 
Should still more furfurol enter the system the irritation is increased to 
such an extent that the nerves are no longer capable of recording it. The 
poison — for it is an active poison — passes on through the circulation, be- 
numbing every organ and every tissue it touches, until the victim falls 
into a state of stupor " 



SWALLOWING DIRT. 

This is by Bob Burdette, the well-known humorist: "My homeless 
friend with the chromatic nose, while you are stirring up the sugar in a 
lo-cent glass of gin, let me give you a fact to wash down with it. You 
may say you have longed for years for the free, independent life of a 
farmer, but you have never been able to get enough money to buy a farm. 
But there is where you are mistaken. For some years you have been 
drinking a good improved farm at the rate of one hundred square feet at 
a gulp. If you doubt this statement, figure it out for yourself. An acre 
of land contains 43,560 square feet. Estimating, for convenience, the land 
at $43.56 an acre, you will see that it brings the land just one mill per 
square foot. Now pour down the fiery dose and imagine you are swallow-' 
ing a strawberry patch. Call in five of your friends and have them help 
you gulp down that five hundred foot garden. Get on a prolonged spree 
some day and see how long it will take to swallow a pasture land to feed 
a cow. Put down that glass of gin ; there is dirt in it— three hundred feet 
of good, rich dirt, worth $43-56 per acre." 



ALCOHOLISM IN CHILDREN. 

From the "Christian Standard." 

"Alcoholism from nursing is a well-demonstrated clinical fact. The 
alcohol passes into the mother's milk, and numbers of cases of illness and 



245 



convulsions among young children have no other cause than the sometimes 
unconscious alcoholism of the nurse. 

"In a school where the children were from four to six years of age, the 
teacher, giving a lesson on coffee, asked this question: 

" 'What do you put in coffee ?' 

*' *Sugar,' answered several children. 

" 'Brandy,' said others. 

" 'Children,' said the teacher, 'brandy ought not to be put into coffee.' 

" 'I don't put mine into coffee,' spoke up a little tot ; 'I do like mamma 
and papa ; 1 drink it alone in my cup, after I have finished my coffee.' 

"Then the teacher asked, 'Are there other children here who drink their 
brandy in their cups?' 

"Five little hands were raised. And that was the usual proportion. 

"Alcohol, in the form of brandied fruits, bonbons containing liquors, or 
rum-soaked cake, should never be given to children. 

"We may often observe in nursing children nervous troubles akin to 
meningitis and having no other cause than alcoholic intoxication. But they 
may also manifest acute alcoholism in the form of drunkenness. 

"Alcohol acts, then, in different ways with children. If the child is 
congenitally tainted by the poison, it may present a type of degeneracy that 
is in some degree due to the alcoholic poisoning of its ancestors. Alcohol 
can also lead to troubles that are more specially attributable to its heredi- 
tary influence, such as certain obsessions, night terrors, and particularly 
dipsomania. Finally, alcoholism in the parent gives rise to a disposition 
to the same trouble in the children." — Translation made for the Literary 
Digest. 



MINISTERS' SHARE IN RUM TRADE DEPLORED— BISHOP 
POTTER'S DEDICATION OF SALOON. 

"The Bishop's Beer Trust, of which Bishop Potter is the head, is in- 
teresting ministers throughout the country." With this announcement the 
Rev. Dr. Harvey Woods, of New York, delivered an address on "Man and 
Methods in Temperance Reform" before the Baptist ministers at Griffith 
Hall. 

"Behind the Subway Tavern there is the almighty dollar," declared Dr. 
Woods. "Bishop Potter says it is the 'Poor Man's Club,' but it is the club 
that he clubs his life away with. The situation is gradually approaching 
that of England. In that country the clergy have $19,000,000 invested in 
the stocks of breweries. There are just 1,567 ministers who have shares 
in this business. In fact, a large number of the ministers are responsible 
for the increase of the liquor business there." 

After talking at length on the disastrous results caused by liquor, and 
condemning politicians in general for helping to spread its path of destruc- 
tion. Dr. Woods advocated a number of methods to arrest its progress. 



246 

The ignorance of the people, he declared, was one of the chief obstacles in 
fighting the evil. 

"Nine-tenths of the anti-drink institutions," said Dr. Woods, "are hum- 
bugs. I am one of the old crew who still believe in fighting the curse in 
the Word of God." 

At a meeting of the Methodist ministers in Wesley Hall the Rev. Dr. 
C. E. Adamson, who has just returned from Europe, echoed the sentiments 
of Dr. Woods. He also spoke of the ministers' interests in the breweries, 
and said that there are seven Methodist ministers now holding shares in 
London breweries. 



AN AWFUL BUT TRUE INDICTMENT. 

Protestant Episcopal Bishop Mackay-Smith, in a recent address to the 
Mayflower Society, said : "The increase of crime in this country at the 
present time depresses me, and I feel that it is the duty of the descend- 
ants of those sturdy and God-fearing Pilgrims to interest themselves in 
the work of reform. With the finest collection of laws in the world, we 
don't enforce them. 

"It has become so in this country that when a man is put to death for 
murder the time is so long since the crime was committed that we forget 
about it, and all rise up and sympathize with him. At the time the crime 
was committed each would have been willing to be the executioner. 

"A lawyer told me recently that for twenty-five thousand dollars I could 
commit any crime from murder down and escape punishment." 

This is hardly overstated. Look at the condition in New York city. 
Even New Jersey, long noted for prompt and just punishment for proved 
crime, is so deteriorated that its Court of Pardons might almost be called 
the Culprits' Patron. It recently set at liberty criminals of the deepest 
dye, among them Titus, the infamous wretch who murdered brutally a 
female servant of the boarding school of which he was janitor. Justly 
did the Newark Daily News, one of the great newspapers of the country, 
say editorially that such clemency tends to the manufacture of criminals. 
If this effeminate tendency increases in New Jersey as rapidly as recently 
it has, the pardon or parole of those degenerates that bade fair to make 
the name of Paterson a stench in the nostrils of civilization (until their 
prompt conviction and sentence for a long term of years braced up the 
public mind) may be expected soon. 



ENGLAND CUTTING DOWN THE EXPENDITURE FOR RUM. 

Dr. Dawson Burns, who has for many years been one of the leading- 
temperance stalwarts, has recently published his annual statistics of the 



247 

"drink bill" of Great Britain. It appears that in 1904 the people of these 
islands spent less than in 1903 by almost £5,000,000. This is an extremely 
welcome piece of intelligence. But what is even more welcome is to be 
told, by the same high authority, that the decrease has been going on an- 
nually for the last five years. "In 1899," he says, "we reached our climax 
.in the matter of the consumption of liquor. Never before, in any year of 
our history, had we spent so much. But 1900 showed a turn of the tide, 
and every year since there has been a diminution on the previous year, so 
that in five years we have altogether knocked off from our drink bill some 
seventeen millions of pounds sterling. In 1899, we spent — let us say, 
wasted — £185,927,227, but in 1904 this had fallen to £168,987,165. Are we 
growing more sober as a people? On all grounds it is fervently to be 
hoped so. And yet encouraging as the decrease is, the facts are still suffi- 
ciently bad to make the nation humble and ashamed, and to spur the 
churches, all temperance workers, and even every good citizen, to renewed 
endeavor against the awful tyranny and the criminal folly of the liquor 
habit. The sum wasted in 1904, as given above, still means that Britishers 
spent last year per head nearly £4 on drink, or nearly £20 for every family 
of five persons. What innumerable families there are to whom this £20, 
kept in their own hands for other purposes than the satisfaction of an 
appetite which is at best artificial wherever it is not depraved, would mean 
a comparative affluence such as they have never yet known." 



SCHOOLBOYS S^IOKE CIGARETTES— DR. BROOKS ASCER- 
TAINS THAT HABIT IS PREVALENT AND IS INJURIOUS. 

That many boys attending the public schools of the city are addicted to 
cigarette smoking and that as a result they are behind in their studies and 
stand low in their classes has been ascertained by Dr. Edward Brooks, 
Superintendent of Schools. Measures to correct the evil will doubtless be 
taken by the educational authorities in consequence of a formal report to 
be submitted to the Board of Education by Dr. Brooks. Dr. Brooks's re- 
port will be compiled from postal card reports made by the principals of 
the various schools, of whom he made direct inquiries regarding smoking 
and chewing in the public schools. 

Nearl)^ all the school teachers have so far sent in their returns, from 
which it is statistically gathered that the percentage of juvenile smokers 
ranges from i-io to 25 per cent, in schools throughout the city, and that 
even in the lowest grades children in some instances seem to be confirmed 
smokers. There are also many who chew tobacco and some who smoke 
cigars. It is shown that in suburban sections of the city, where the pupils 
have more advantages for out-door sports than in the crowded sections, 
the percentage of smokers is considerably less than in the city proper. 
That, doubtless the lack of facilities to engage in open air amusements, 
promotes an appetite for cigarettes seems indicated from statistics which 



248 

disclose that in the slum districts and in the crowded sections of the city 
the percentage of those addicted to cigarettes is greatest. 

The object of Dr. Brooks in instituting investigations of the smokers in 
public schools was to learn the relative standard of work done by those 
who smoke and those who do not use tobacco. From the returns so far 
made, it is shown that boys who smoke stand lower in their classes than 
those who do not. It is expected that soon it will be learned just how 
many of the 76,368 boys in the public schools smoke. It is already known 
that the number will be greater than had been expected. 



ALCOHOL IN THE ARMY. 

No one evil agent so much obstructs this army in its progress to that 
condition which will enable it to accomplish all that true soldiers can as 
the degrading vice of drunkenness. It is the cause of by far the greater 
part of the disorders which are examined by courts martial. It is im- 
possible to estimate the benefits that would accrue to the service from the 
adoption of a resolution on the part of the officers to set their men an 
example of total abstinence from intoxicating drinks. It would be worth 
50,000 men to the armies of the United States. — General McClellan in 1862. 



CURRENT TOPICS. 



THE voice: of authority. 



A great many young soldiers who are not accustomed to drink, contract 
drinking habits at these canteens and are ruined. — Surgeon-General Stern- 
berg. 

* * * 

I have always been strongly opposed to the canteen system or the sale of 
intoxicating drinks of any kind on military reservations and opposed it 
until absolutely overruled and required to establish a canteen at my post. 
I consider it demoralizing to the men, besides impairing seriously their 
efficiency. — Major General Shafter. 



I do not believe that intoxicants should be handled by the army, except 
as medicine, nor do I find that beer is any more necessary for a soldier 
than it is for the employes of any great corporation, and I find that retail 
beer saloons are just as much a nuisance on a reservation and called a 
"canteen" as they are outside and called a saloon. The army of the United 
States is not composed of drunkards and we are not at a loss as to how to 



249 

cater to the beer-drinking appetites of the few who do want it. — Colonel' 
P. H. Ray. 

* * * 

I trust the Government will not by law carry liquor to the soldiers and. 
then by another law. tell them that if they get drunk the Government will,, 
by still a third law, severely punish them. Beauty, cards and drink have 
destroyed many great armies. They have largely contributed to the de- 
struction of the Russian army to-day. May they not destroy the people- 
and army of the land of my birth ! — Inspector-General Noel Gaines. 



I have not changed my opinion in regard to the advisability of keeping: 
liquor out of the army, and the inadvisability of restoring the liquor fea- 
ture to the present army canteen. The army is better off without it, and. 
in fact, in that respect, is better than it has ever been before, although I 
am aware that an effort will be made by the liquor trust — not by the sa- 
loon-keepers — to have it forced back into the army. — Lieutenant-General. 
Nelson A. Miles, November 14, 1904. 



The canteen stands as a constant invitation to the total abstainer to 
drink, as a temptation to the moderate drinker to drink more, and as a 
convenience to the drunkard to load up on beer when he has not the means 
to obtain anything stronger. The canteen system resolves itself, in my 
opinion, into this question: Is it best to keep a constant temptation • be- 
fore the total abstainers and moderate drinkers for the purpose of con- 
trolling the few drunkards? — Brigadier-General Daggett. 



AGAINST THE CANTEEN. 

A correspondent in the Public Ledger has the following: 
The annual reports of the Judge Advocate General of the Army, George 
B. Davis, are the highest and most conclusive authorities as to the effects 
of the canteen. These show that in those years in which it has been per- 
mitted the number of court-martials for drunkenness, other misdemeanors 
and crimes has been much greater than in those in which it has been abol- 
ished. This should settle the question with all fair-minded persons. Offi- 
cial records are always to be preferred to individual imaginings, opinions 
or assertions. 

No wonder, then, that such experienced and distinguished generals as 
Miles, Wheeler, Shafter and Howard have been outspoken and persistent 
opponents of the saloon feature of the regimental post exchanges, and that 
Generals Henry, Ludlow, Boynton, Rochester, Bliss, Stanley, Carlin, Wil- 
cox and ten others have expressed themselves as in agreement with these- 
eminent men, as have also forty-five colonels. 



250 

They unite in maintaining that the regimental saloons greatly increase 
the number of the victims of the drink habit in the army and multiply the 
mumber of the soldiers who frequent saloons and still more disreputable 
places on pay days and other "days off." 

"Fighting Joe" Wheeler fought as bravely against the canteeners when 
the evil existed in the army as he did against the Spaniards. The position 
which he has persistently maintained in public and in private has been : "I 
am utterly opposed to soldiers being sold intoxicating liquors, and I believe 
that every effort should be exercised to remove the temptation of such 
dissipation from them." 

A large majority of the members of both branches of our national legis- 
lature have taken the same view, and have voted to abolish the evil. It is 
devoutly to be hoped that it will stay abolished, notwithstanding the ill- 
judged efforts of some to restore it. 

Those who advocate the restoration of the army saloons take good care 
to avoid all reference to the testimony of the distinguished military men we 
Jiave named, and especially are they silent about the all-important and the 
altogether-conclusive records in the office of the Judge Advocate General 
of the Army. In General Davis's latest report, which covers the first year 
of the abolition of the canteen, it is shown that there were more than one 
thousand fewer trials by court-martial than in the previous year, and the 
General says that the conditions of the military service are much better. 

The Surgeon General of the army in his latest report says that there is 
improvements in the health of the soldiers, and that the hospital patients 
during the year were more than two hundred per thousand fewer than dur- 
ing the year preceding. Those who, with a knowledge of these facts, are 
pressing for a restoration of the physically and morally debasing saloons 
must have some other reason for their action than the welfare of the sol- 
diers. Charity, however, leads us to believe that some of the friends of 
these drinking resorts in the army lack information, and have been misled 
by designing men. 

REV. JOHN UGGINS. 

Ocean City, N. J., December 20, 1904. 



THROWING VOTES AWAY. 



JOEL swARTz, Devon, Pa. 



Who will throw his vote away 
On the next election day? 
Who will blindly sacrifice 
What all freemen greatly prize. 
The high prerogative to say. 
Who shall rule and who obev? 



251 

The ballot, rightly understood, 
Represents the patriot's blood ; 
At no less a sacrifice, 
Do we hold the sacred prize; 
Shall it, then, be bought and sold 
For a price in sordid gold? 

He who slavishly would toss, 
At the bidding of a "Boss," 
Such a sacred pledge of power, 
In the crisis of an hour, 
When the nation's woe or weal. 
Every ballot's weight must feel, 
Is a voter of such kind — 
Is so sordid and so blind — 
That it were but just that he 
Wear the brand of slavery; 
For who votes his "Boss" to save, 
Is a craven and a slave. 

But are ballots cast in vain. 
Which cannot success attain? 
Are those only worth our heed, 
Where the candidates succeed? 
Are those others thrown away, 
On the grand election day, 
Which for want of numbers fail. 
In the contest to prevail? 

Yes, if men must wait and guess ■ 

Till instructed by success. 

At the closing of the fight. 

Who was wrong and who was right 

Then the tally sheets must say 

Who have thrown their votes away. 

But if in the freeman's hand, 
The ballot for his conscience stand — 
For his best of heart and brain. 
And not merely party gain; 
If the ballot on the whole. 
Shall express the voter's soul ; 
Then, not failure or success, 
Shall the ballot's worth express; 
And no counting board may say: 
"This man threw his vote away." 



252 



If, while counting, we could weigh 
Votes cast on election day — 
Weigh in holy Freedom's scales 
What comes short and what prevails, 
Then we should not have to guess, 
By defeat and by success, 
Who, upon election day. 
Saved or threw his vote away. 



-J. s. 



PARTISANSHIP'S PRECEDENCE OVER REFORM. 

To the Editor of "The North American." 

The Philadelphia clergy are in an uproar. They are sorely distressed 
about the moral welfare of the city. They are after those in municipal 
authority with a "big stick." The only difference between their weapon 
and that of Christ's when he cleaned out the temple is that he used a lash 
while the modern reformer relies on prayer. 

There is no question as to Philadelphia's needs when it comes to house- 
cleaning of this character. The question in my mind is, are the methods 
reasonable and intelligent that are being pursued by the orthodox Chris- 
tian ministers? When you look for the cause of existing conditions you 
are Jed to the polls at your late municipal elections. The voters of Phila- 
delphia are responsible for the election of their Mayor and other officials. 

In spite of repeaters and ballot-box stuffers there is an overwhelming 
majority of good people in Philadelphia to elect any reform ticket if they 
are so minded. But in poHtics as in religion, a man will be a partisan 
before he will be a reformer. So a man will be a Baptist or a Methodist 
before he will recognize religion on general principles. Now, if the cause 
for present conditions is found in the voter why not reform him instead 
of praying for the Mayor? Instead of asking God to change his immuta- 
ble laws in favor of Philadelphia why not belabor your congregations 
with sound common sense lectures on their duties when they go to the 
polls? 

God will not do for Philadelphia by miracle what its citizens can do 
themselves by exercising common, every-day business sense. 

Then again, why pray that Philadelphia be made a Christian city? Is it 
not a recognized Christian city already? The vice in question is there, 
in spite of Christian efforts. Does not all this reflect on the efforts? 
Why not pray for a moral city irrespective of creed or religion, if there is 
any efficacy in prayer? S. D, 

Slatington, Pa., March 2. 



253 

MUST HAVE BEEN HERE. 

From the "Cincinnati Enquirer." 

The names of 8,000 dead men are said to have been on the registration 
lists in Denver. Philadelphia is still ahead. There are many registered 
names there that belong to neither the living nor the dead. 



UNCOxMPROMISING CO-OPERATION 

Editor "New Voice." 

There cannot be too much uncompromising co-operation nor too little 
compromising co-operation of Prohibitinists with their allies. Jehovah 
co-operates with Satan all along the line. But his co-operation is so re- 
served, discriminating, uncompromising, and subordinating that heaven 
is promoted and hell balked every time, and Satan transformed, as com- 
pletely as unwillingly, into a mere servant of Jehovah. 

In immature temperance sentiment there is evil as well as good. Shall 
we co-operate with both the evil and the good to the furtherance of the 
evil alone by acquiescing in the evil in a vain attempt to promote the good 
without offending the evil? Or shall we co-operate with both the good 
and the evil to the furtherance of the good alone by antagonizing the evil 
in defense of the good? 

Compromising co-operation with the Anti-Saloon League is far more 
dangerous than the most uncharitable opposition thereto. There is good 
as well as evil in the latter, but evil only in the' former. Compromise, 
minimize, demise ! "Fusion, confusion, diffusion !" 

The attitude of Prohibitionists toward the Anti-Saloon League should 
be aggressively co-operative. The League is the worst enemy, as well as 
the best friend, of the Prohibition party. By attempting the impossible 
feat of destroying the saloon by reforming saloon politics it has constituted 
itself a bewildering bundle of colossal contradictions. It is a training 
school for Prohibition ; it is also a hospital for healing sore consciences. 
It is a recruiting camp of the Prohibition army ; it is also a seductive side- 
track for would-be Prohibitionists. It is a Prohibition party vestibule; it 
is also a Republican party annex. It is a dangerous rival, as well as a 
powerful ally, of the Prohibition party. It merely maims the little local 
liquor Amalekites while fighting for, instead of against, the great king 
Agag of the general traffic. Its right hand slyly slips the whole pound out 
of the plate of Prohibition while its left hand ostentatiously tosses the 
farthing in. With superficial friendship it masks, even to itself, more or 
less unconsciously but none the less really, its essential hostility to the 
only genuine Prohibition — the only Prohibition that can ever really pro- 
hibit anywhere — national prohibition with a national Prohibition party be- 
hind it. 

Let the party make it reasonably easy for the League to vote the Pro- 
hibition ticket in Ohio this fall; but if the party in the Buckeye state the 
coming election allows itself to be belittled and degraded into a mere con- 
ductor of non-partisan local-option lightning, it will in the end, in every 



254 

state, at every ordinary election, make it easier for men to vote wrong. 

Leniency toward the unfaithful is injustice to the faithful and ruin to 
the unfaithful. If false souls are equally honest with the true, vice is 
just as honorable as virtue. 

"The New Voice" policy of co-operation with all the enemies of the 
saloon is very laudable but considerably overworked — especially when it 
tried to place a Republico-Democrat at the head of our national ticket and 
when it essayed to merge with the American Issue to work up a fusion 
of the Prohibition party and the Anti-Saloon League. Your theory of co- 
operation largely overlooks the fact that all the enemies of the saloon who 
are not more friendly than hostile to the saloon are inside the Prohibition 
party. 

Yours for uncompromising co-operation, 

Wm. H. WiIvGus. 

Mt. Sterling, 111. 



THANKSGIVING SUGGESTIONS. 



DR. SWAIvLOW S IDEAS IN CONNE^CTIGN WITH RECOVERY OF MCKINLEY. 

Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 12. — This evening Rev. Dr. S. C. Swallow, who 
became prominent through his efforts to reform the Pennsylvania State 
government and who is identified with the Prohibition party in this State, 
sent a letter to Vice President Theodore Roosevelt, in which he says : 

"It was reported that it has been left to your judgment to designate a 
day of national thanksgiving for the recovery of President McKinley. In 
this all good citizens will join with glad hearts. May I venture the sug- 
gestion that you couple with it the idea of humiliation and prayer for 
God's forgiveness for the disgraceful surrender to boss rule of some pro- 
fessedly independent politicians for the honors and emoluments of office ; 
for the brutal Philippine war, for the indifference of our best citizens, 
morally considered, to Government affairs ; for the corruption of the bal- 
lot-box ; for the dominancy, with Government consent, of the corporations, 
trusts and syndicates over individual rights ; for the inexcusable conflict 
now being waged between capital and labor, and the suffering it entails; 
for the race war which shoots, stabs or burns black men without trial ; 
for the complicity of the Government, with Executive sanction, in a busi- 
ness that produces three-fourths of the criminals of the country, including 
assassins; for the prevailing gambling mania that jeopardizes the highest 
interests of a great people; and for the national sins that leap up to as- 
sassinations, and, unless repented of and forsaken, will end in the dis- 
integration of our beloved Government." 



ONLY ONE OPINION POSSIBLE. 
Charles M. Sheldon, D. D., the author of 'In* His Steps," who has been 
for fifteen years a pastor in Topeka, Kan., has expressed himself con- 



^55 

cerning Bishop Potter and his grogshop in the following rational way : 

"Your letter has just reached me in Colorado Springs. 1 have been, 
absent on a camping tour in Arizona where letters could not reach mc, 
and this is the first opportunity 1 have had to reply. 

"I should have been more than glad to respond to your request. There 
is only one opinion possible for me to hold concerning Bishop Potter's 
attitude on the saloon question. I do not think a saloon can be reformed,, 
and I do not think that high-minded, moral men outside the church, or in 
it, can run saloons. The whole thing, it seems to me, is entirely a blun- 
der on the part of any man who thinks the liquor business can be made 
respectable. From my own experience in Kansas for fifteen years, I am 
ready to say, in spite of what Bishop Potter says about the hypocrisy of 
temperance legislation, that no law has done the State of Kansas so much, 
good in material and moral ways as the temperance law. The people of 
Kansas to-day owe more to the prohibitory amendment for their pros- 
perity, for their peace and happiness, than to any other law on the statute 
books, and the law^ is practically as well enforced in two-thirds of the 
State as any other law. 

"In my own city of Topeka the overwhelming sentiment of the church 
members, the newspapers, the business men, the best lawyers, all the school 
teachers, doctors, and citizens generally, it in favor of the law and its 
enforcement, and the city itself is practically without any saloon or gam- 
bling house at the present time. There is only one way to reform the 
saloon, it seems to me, and that is to abolish it. The best club for the 
poor man or the rich man is his own home. You cannot make a saloon a 
club for any one, and it is a great grief to thousands of earnest men and 
women, who are doing what they can to abolish the saloon, to have a. 
man like Bishop Potter stand up and defend it. 

"When the brewers' publications lil^ the "Wine and Spirit Gazette," 
which is sent me from time to time, quote, as they do, sentences from 
Bishop Potter's public addresses favoring moderate drinking, it seems to 
me there is something vitally wrong with the position held. I have never 
known any drunkards who became drunkards by beginning to drink ex- 
cessively, but I have known a good many who began by moderate drink- 
ing. The whole thing is a fallacy from beginning to end. I am very glad 
to go on record without any equivocation in this matter. I have only one- 
opinion, and it has not changed after fifteen years' residence in Kansas. 
I do not see anything but evil, and only evil, in the saloon as an institu- 
tion, and I believe that society in general and the world at large would be- 
infinitely better off if the whole thing were abolished completely." 



EVERYBODY'S ENEMY— COMPARED WITH WHISKY, THE 
WORST MAN IS HARMLESS. 

Tell a young man that a certain person is dishonest and he will look 
out for him. 

Show the young man that this dishonest person is shrewd and un- 



256 

scrupulous, that he overcomes prejudice with misrepresentation and false 
promises, but that his sole purpose is to ruin and destroy, and he will 
have nothing to do with him. 

Convince him that this unscrupulous person wields a mighty power, but 
that his power is all for evil ; that he works incidiously and industriously, 
but his work is all in one direction and for one object, the humiliation and 
degradation of others, and the young man will shun and despise him. 

Prove that through some subtle influence this dangerous person gains 
control of good men, but that his power is a withering blight that wrecks 
homes and ruins happiness, and there would be such a feeling of indigna- 
tion that he would be driven from the community. 

But there is an enemy compared with which the power of the worst 
person in the world is weak and harmless. This enemy is whisky. 

When an individual seeks to injure you he may do his utmost of dam- 
age, but he cannot take away your reasoning power, your ability to cope 
with discouraging situations. Whatever happens, your brain is clear, and 
you are able to plan some way out of the difficulty. 

But when whisky is the antagonist you stand to lose in every conflict. 
You haven't an argument left in any controversy. Whisky paralyzes the 
judgment and destroys the will power. It deceives its victim with ego- 
tistic fancies and gives him a false idea of his own importance. 

Whisky blunts a man's sensibility and makes him forget his duty to his 
family. It brings desolation and misery into his home. It destroys his 
ambition and ruins his finances, and then when all is over, when it has 
done its worst and friends and home and fortune and position are all 
swept away, and in sheer desperation the man would break away from the 
enemy that has caused his undoing, he finds that he may not go. He may 
break the chains that years of delusion have forged. 

Possibly he doesn't understand tfiis. When he is sober enough to un- 
derstand anything he doesn't see how it has all come about. When he 
commenced drinking he had no thought of making trouble. He drank a 
"little for sociability, then he drank for stimulation — he thought whisky 
made him feel better — or perhaps he drank for inspiration or for courage 
— he thought he could do better work; but. whatever the cause, he didn't 
mean to ruin his life or wreck his home. Neither does any man when he 
begins the pace that leads to inebriety. 

There is need of more educational work along the preventive lines of 
temperance. As has been said in these columns before, it sometimes is 
difficuh to convince a young man that moderate drinking is a vice when 
he can point to respectable men who are moderate drinkers. But all 
young men should understand that, whether moderate drinking is a vice 
or not, it is always a danger. 

For one man who fixes a limit to his potations there are scores who be- 
come drunkards. And even if one could be sure he would keep to his 
:iimit, what is the advantage of drinking at all? 



257 

THE CIGARETTE BUSINESS IN OTHER COUNTRIES. 

In Spain, Cuba, Mexico and some countries of South America, the 
women smoke as well as men. The people of these countries make the 
cigarette very quickly, a pinch of tobacco, a paper, a twist, and it is made. 
These are considered the best. The machines which make the cigarette 
are for the most part, of American invention. Most of the smoking to- 
bacco now used is made in Virginia. 

The Russian and Turkish cigarettes are made by hand. The poorest to- 
bacco costs IS. a pound, and the best Li. Each manufacturer has his own 
secret for the perfuming of. the tobacco. The Turkish highly perfume 
theirs. The French make the strongest cigarettes. The odor is enough 
to take one oft his feet. 

Since 1891, the cultivation of tobacco has been prohibited in Egypt. 
When tobacco was first discovered, England, Austria. Russia, Turkey and 
Switzerland passed a law prohibiting smoking. In Russia and Turkey, one 
was not allowed to smoke under penalty of death. Since then, this law 
has been repealed. 

Smoking is both a costly and dangerous habit. Great sums of money 
are spent yearly for the use of tobacco. The smoking of the cigarette is 
the most dangerous of all, and people who use them to excess have what 
is called a tobacco heart 

The cigarette habit is a recent form of intemperance that is proving it- 
self so destructive to bodily strength, mental keenness, and moral charac- 
ter, that our educators, our business men, and our public officials are de- 
claring they will not employ persons using tobacco in any form. 

John Wanamaker, nearly all railroad magnates, the army and navy, and 
all first-class business people will not employ those who use this form of 
poison. The first question the business man asks an applicant is, "Do you 
smoke?" and then he will look at his forefinger to note its color. If yel- 
low, he does not want you, for he knows the badge of the cigarette fiend. 

The public and private schools do not w^ant students who smoke. Out 
of 412 boys examined by the naval enlisting officer only 14 were accepted. 
Out of the 398 who were left, most of them failed because of their tobacco 
hearts. 

I have known boys who smoke and they told me the result was their 
brains were weakened, they had lumps on the neck, and some even said 
they had cancer of the throat from it. General U. S. Grant, one of our 
best men, died from cancer of the throat due to excessive smoking. When 
the smoke enters the body it irritates the membranes of the throat, dulls 
the brain, vitiating the blood which should go bounding through the veins. 

There are persons hired to go around the streets and gather cigar and 
cigarette stumps, and these are made over again into the cheap and popular 
brands, which a good many boys smoke. This is a filthy habit. Many 
diseases are thus contracted. 

The cigarette contains a narcotic, which is poisonous. It has the power 
to put one to sleep. A person always feels sleepy after smoking. Athletes 
17 



258 

in training are not allowed the use of tobacco in any form, it injures the 
internal organs and makes the user short of breath. 

This should have followed the issue for a new political party, which 
shows that other nations have the right idea regarding tobacco, but fail 
to carry out their good ideas. They succumb to the influences of graft 
and greed by taking the advantage of an acquired appetite. This proves 
that the nations named therein have a high regard for the protection of 
their people; but like an individual, give way to temptation in the time 
of the most extreme need, and wait like a man who has become addicted 
to strong drink. Then he collects all his power to release himself from 
destruction. The young man may be ignorant of the injurious effects be- 
cause he is not paralyzed as if he had taken a dose of strychnine; but the 
rulers of our government are not ignorant, and they will let the young 
man slowly poison himself and so affect his brain that his reason powers 
will be in defiance of the penalties of committing a crime and they do rash 
deeds without any hesitancy whatever. I can recall three cigarette fiends — 
one by the name of Woodward, who was convicted and hung for poisoning 
two boys with adulterated candy. One was the son of the leader of Jen- 
nings' band, who, at the recent Fourth of July, was playing national airs. 
How sad the father must have felt at the thought of his son's death by 
the promoting of such a pernicious practice. 

I can also recall many residents of Camden and others of the Eli Shaw 
case, as he was a noted cigarette smoker. The public believed he was 
guilty of shooting and killing his mother and grandmother. This cost 
the county over $10,000, and they could not bring sufficient proof to convict 
him. The writer recalls a young man who resided at Bay Shore, Long 
Island, a noted cigarette smoker, who shot his own mother while riding in 
a carriage. He was convicted and hung for the crime. I could show 
hundreds of such cases, to say nothing about those who commit suicide, 
because of some small imaginary trouble and do not have sufficient brain 
force to reason. Because of these incidents the Government should not 
be less reluctant in preventing them than from preventing a person who 
has some mental derangement from committing some crime. 
Read the subject, "Tobacco on the Brain," page 229. 



TESTIMONIALS. 
Mr. S. B. Goff. 

Dear Sir: I notice with pleasure your publication and remarks on the 
evil effects of tobacco and hasten to add my experience. I learned to use 
the weed when a mere child, because I wanted to do the things my father 
did, and seemed to enjoy. I used it imtemperately all my youthful years. 
When twenty-two years of age I enlisted as a soldier in the Civil War. 
There I increased the quantity and quality until after the battle of Antie- 



259 

tarn, when the surgeons pronounced me worthless as a soldier and I obtain- 
ed my discharge on account of heart disease. I returned to my home and 
continued to smoke, but much less than before. I re-enlisted, passed the 
examination, and served until the war closed, in 1865. I then w^eighed 
160 pounds, was six feet three inches tall, and in very poor condition phys- 
ically, nervous and sick. While smoking a good 25-cent cigar I reasoned 
thus: This is an expensive luxury; it injures me; it is a bad example. 
I have no right to spend my money in this way. It is wicked for me to 
injure my health in this way. Every boy will cite me as a minister of 
grace and truth in order to justify himself and silence his parents while 
he forms the filthy habit. I opened the window, threw away the cigar, and 
said," I will never touch nor taste the weed again while I live." The 
courtship ended there and then. I gained ten pounds a year for twelve 
years, have never had any trouble with my heart since, and for forty years 
I have lived a clean life and have been free from slavery of this habit. 

H. W. BOLTON, 
July 8th, 1905. Absecon, N. J. 



Mr. S. B. Goff. ' 

Dear Sir : During our conversation regarding those who use tobacco 
and its effects, which I remarked that my father lived to be ninety-six years 
old, and was a total abstainer all his life, except the time he attempted to 
learn to smoke, and it made him so sick he never attempted trying it any 
more, and as you inform me you was writing a book on a subject, and 
was desirous to have such a statement, I feel it incumbent on my part for 
the good of those who have any may perchance become addicted to such 
habit by making the statement that he also was a total abstainer from the 
use of any intoxicating liquors. I believed the abstinance from them 
was the great cause of the enjoyment of his good health and his long life, 
and I only regret that I have not followed his example by abstaining from 
the use of tobacco, as I am not enjoying the best of health. Whether it 
be due to the use of tobacco or not, I attempted to quit its use, but it so 
distracted my nervous system that I resumed the habit again, and I assure 
you if I had never contracted the habit I would never begin its use with 
the knowledge I have of its evil and injurious effects which it has on the 
system, and for the best wishes to all young men, I will say never con- 
tract the habit. 

CHAS. H. GARDNER, 
3218 Norris street, Phila., Pa. 



HOW ONE MAN GAVE UP TOBACCO. 

At the time of my conversation I had been using tobacco — and in no 
very moderate way — for more than twenty-five years, both chewing and 



26o 

smoking. In a very few days after I came to the Lord I was made to see 
very clearly that for me the use of tobacco was wrong, and I must give it 
up. I did so at once and have never used it since. 

I was convicted at a noonday prayer meeting at Farwell Hall, in Chicago. 
At the close of the meeting I went into Revell's book store, underneath,, 
and bought a Testament. For years I had carried my tobacco in my left 
hip pocket. I took out my tobacco box and put the Testament in the same 
pocket. On reaching home I gave the tobacco box to my wife, and said : 

"Keep this until I call for it." 

She smiled as she took it, and said : 

■"Going to swear off again, are you?" 

"No, I'm not going to swear off," said I, "but you may keep^ the box 
until I call for it." 

"Well, you will be back after it before the week is out," returned my 
wife. 

You see, she knew me, for I had often tried to give up the habit, but 
had never been able to do it. But I soon found that there was a great 
difference in trying to do a thing in my own strength and in the strength 
of Christ. My wife has now kept that box for nearly twenty years, and 
the same tobacco is in it yet. 

Giving me deliverance from tobacco was the first great thing the Lord 
did for me in my Christian life, and this has made it easy for me to look 
to Him for all needed help ever since. 

When I would be engaged in writing and lost in thought, my hand would 
Occasionally go to my hip pocket, feeling for that tobacco box, and out 
would come the Testament. I would open it and read the first verse my 
eye fell upon, and then mark it with a pencil. All Scripture was so full 
of meaning to me that I would fall into meditation over the verse read, 
and forget all about the tobacco. 

The first thing I knew I was not only free from the filthy habit, which 
had so long enslaved me, but my desire for it had been changed into dis- 
gust, which remains even unto this day, so that a return to it was un- 
thinkable. 

Next to opium there is probably no habit harder to give up than to- 
bacco, and every man who has had experience with it knows it. The 
drunkard gives up his drink easier than he does his tobacco. 

When the ark of God was taken into the house of Dagon (i Sam. 5. 4) 
the idol fell down and broke off his head and both hands, and this is 
exactly what happened in my case. It is always so. Look to God for 
deliverance from your idols, and down they will go. Try putting a Bible 
where you keep your pipe and bottle. — Elijah P. Brown, in Ram's Horn. 



Christianity is still a virile force in the world, as may be seen in the 
present status of one of the younger Christian organizations, one, indeed. 



26l 

which was born within the present generation. The Salvation Army, 
though only about a quarter century old, has now three thousand seven 
hundred and seventy-three officers, cadets and employes. Nine hundred 
and eighty-three corps, outposts, slum posts and social institutions. Ten 
thousand five hundred and eighty accommodations in social institutions. 
Nine hundred thousand dollars expended annually upon the poor of 
America, exclusive of farm colonies. Three million annual provision of 
beds for the poor. One hundred industrial homes, wood yards and stores 
for the unemployed. One thousand and fifty accommodations (finding 
daily work for the unemployed.) Three hundred and fifty thousand dol- 
lars annual income from their work. Fifty thousand found outside em- 
ployment. Three farm colonies. Two thousand eight hundred acreage. 
Five hundred and thirty colonists (men, women and children). Twenty- 
one rescue homes for fallen girls. Two thousand six hundred and thirty- 
five girls passed through yearly. One hundred and sixty babies cared for 
in rescue homes daily. Five hundred passing through annually. One 
hundred and fifty accommodations for children in day nurseries. Two 
hundred and fifty children settled in colonies with parents. Three hun- 
dred thousand persons annually provided with Christmas dinners, clothing 
and toys. Such a record is monument enough for the old general who is 
approaching the reward for his great labor. 



ELEVENTH COMMANDMENT OF COMMERCE. 
[By L. G. A. Copley*] 

The eleventh commandment for the young business man is. Thou shalt 
not drink. Business and tippling do not agree. More and more it is being 
recognized as a fact that the brain of a successful man must not be fud- 
dled with alcohol. 

A young man from St. Louis made a business call upon a gentleman of 
Kansas City in his office. After partly finishing the business in hand, they 
started out together for lunch. 

"Let's take something," said the St. Louis man. 

"No," said the Kansas Cityan, "I thank you, but I have to keep my head 
clear for business." 

These men may not have been typical of their respective localities ; yet 
we can but think that the great brewing interests of St. Louis have had a 
tendency to make drinking popular among the business men of that com- 
munity. 

The Kansas City business man rung true. Kansas City men. as a rule, 
do not drink in business hours. Many of them do not drink at all. None 



*Mr. Copley is the Kansas City manager of the Rocky Mountain Se- 
curities Company of Denver, a man of affairs, and one of the busy busi- 
ness Prohibitionists of the mouth of the Kaw. 



262 



of them want tippling employes. A canvass of the banks and the large 
financial institutions of Kansas City reveals the fact that no employee is 
wanted who drinks. Nay, such a one has little chance to hold his position 
long. 

A prominent business man said the other day : "We would not under 
any circumstances employ a man that drinks ; neither do we want the 
cigarette fiend. Our funds are too sacred to be trusted in their hands. 
They may seem to do well for a time, but we feel that their character is 
being underminded and some day will give way." 

"You can say for us," said the cashier of a large savings bank, "that we 
will not keep any clerk in our bank who is known to frequent the saloons 
or the race tracks. We have lost money by an employee who was accus- 
tomed to betting on the races. We have no young man in our employment 
who drinks and no such can get employment with us if we know it." 

If four thousand employes of the great St. Louis street railway system 
have been warned that they must not loiter about saloons, even when oflf 
duty, because they will not be in fit condition for their work if they have 
two or three drinks in them, much more is it necessary that the great army 
of young business men be warned that liquor will unfit them for their 
more delicate tasks. 

Under the influence of a drink or two their enthusiasm may get the bet- 
ter of them, their judgment become unreliable, and their will power be- 
come irresolute. Thus they become utterly incompetent for the transac- 
tion of the important business entrusted to their care. "When the wine is 
in, the wit is out." 

What is true for Kansas City is true for the 'whole Anglo-Saxon race. 
If a young man is training for a business career, it is imperative for him 
to avoid the three furies — liquor, gambling, and the deadly cigarette. 



TARIFF DEFINED IN A NUT-SHELL— FOR THE LABORING 

MAN. 

As no one can dispute the fact that labor is the source of all support 
and wealth — therefore nothing can exist without labor ; and it is impossi- 
ble to protect the wages of the laborer by a protective tarifif, while we 
have imported labor. If wages are higher in this country than in other 
countries, they cannot remain so under our present system of government. 
No labor union will be able to withstand the pressure from the outside 
surplus labor. The only way to keep the labor market up is to put a tariff 
for revenue on every head of imported laborers. We have been import- 
ing laborers faster than the need ; and by the invention of many improve- 
ments in machinery have produced this surplus labor. The wage question 
must be settled ; because of the fear of competition : one factory may be 



263 



producing goods at less cost than a neighboring factory — caused by re- 
duced wages. 

The question arises, is it not time for the Government to legislate on the 
immigrant question, for self-protection? We have welcomed to our land 
fifteen millions of people in the last twenty years ; and it is my belief that 
we have about as many anarchists and communists in our land as the 
Plymouth Rock founders will or can christianize to more moral habits. 
As we all know from past history, the only safety to our Government is 
to maintain the principles of Christianity. Besides, would it not be politi- 
cal economy? as we have now about one million of laborers idle from year 
to year. This extracts from the nation's wealth about $300,000,000 — as 
they must be supported by their friends or charitable institutions. Besides, 
the loss of labor of employes if saved, would add to the nation double 
that amount. 

This hard problem with many others it is expedient that our wise states- 
men should look into, and not let the consumption be greater than thi^ in- 
come. Read the Emigrant Question on page 213. 



ANTI-NARCOTICS. 



Dear Fellow Workers : I have not yet heard from every County Super- 
intendent ; but I am sure they are not idle, but doing something to keep the 
subject before the public. The spring institutes are already preparing pro- 
grams. Try to have a place for the presentation of the Department of 
Anti-Narcotics. A paper, a few items from the daily papers or a brief 
address. 

ITEMS OF INTEREST. 

Charles Shuler, proprietor of a candy store in Cincinnati, was arrested 
and tried for selling cigarettes to boys. At the trial sworn testimony 
showed that boys ten and twelve years of age played cards, smoked ci- 
garettes and drank beer. 

Madisonville, Ky., has for years made a determined fight against cigar- 
ettes, but never before has such an important step been taken as has just 
been made. 

The Reinecke Coal Mining Company, which employs about two hundred 
men, has issued a book of rules governing employes. One of the rules 
makes it a penalty subject to a fine for an employee to use cigarettes. 

Probation Officer W. C. Johnson, of Kansas City, said : "Cigarettes 
cause nearly all the down falls among youths. In many cases where a 
boy breaks into a store the first thing he steals is tobacco. Out of 150 
boys who have been taken into the Juvenile Court. 95 per cent, were ci- 
garette smokers." 

Three of the largest cigarette factories are located in the City of Mexico. 



264 

In the largest of these cigarettes were manufactured at the rate of 12,000 
per minute. Last year the sales of these factories amounted to three mil- 
lion, seven hundred and seventy thousand dollars. Ten years ago the sales 
amounted to one million, showing a big increase in consumption. 

The Idaho Legislature has a bill to prohibit cigarette smoking, and the 
Senate listened to expert testimony and arguments regarding the practice 
which were so convincing that that body in committee of the whole com- 
mitted itself to the passage of the Anti-Cigarette bill. 

Fairview^, N. J., Board of Education has declared war against the ci- 
garette. 

A bill has been introduced in the Minnesota Legislature to forbid the 
sale of patent medicines containing alcohol, and also the sale and produc- 
tion of cigarettes, cigarette papers and their substitutes. 

Yours, in the service, 

M. SOPHIA HOLMES. 



ALCOHOL AND VICE— CAUSE AND EFFECT. 

To the Editor of The North American. 

In all the present agitation about vice there is very little, if any, special 
mention made of the one obvious maintaining cause — the unrestricted use 
of alcoholic liquors. The discussion of possible methods of suppressing 
the criminal effects of the liquor traffic is like trying to find remedies for 
the inevitable train of diseases due to the public use of a polluted stream. 
The only reasonable, permanent preventive and cure is to stop the pollu- 
tion, or, at least, reduce it to a harmless minimum. 

That the liquor traffic is the polluting cause of both body and mind, re- 
sulting in most of the various social miseries, wrongs, evils and crimes 
among all classes, is well known to many, even to those who are them- 
selves victims of it ; for there is very rarely vice and crime without the 
accompanying liquor habit. 

One might review in detail the various diseases of the stomach, heart, 
kidneys, liver and lungs, with their many complications, due to a greater 
or less habitual use of the various forms of alcoholic beverages ; but the 
one organ of the body where all the harm begins — and ends — is the brain. 
Given to man for highest thought, intended to be developed as the motive 
power of perfectly controlled action, yet, through perversity and ignorance, 
it is progressively, morally blunted, brutalized, insanely criminalized. 

That the liquor traffic can be stopped or controlled has been proved in 
many places, and that this restriction has been followed by immediate 
marked improvement — in a recent instance, "No criminal cases in two 
years and none pending" — is abundantly corroborated. As an earnest au- 
thor remarks on the subject: "When the individual in society is taught 
the fact which he seldom knows, that alcohol incapacitates this very organ 



265 

(the brain), upon which his safety and success in the competitive world 
depend, he will be very much less inclined to use it. And when society 
recognizes that with alcohol a low-grade, vicious man can be made chem- 
ically out of its excellent man, and that this process is continually going 
on among all its ranks, it will be more alive to spread scientific instruction 
upon the subject." 

Our much derided and maligned Law and Order Society, even with its 
much-too-limited means — it is safe to say that the yearly dues of many a 
gentleman's club are greater — is doing good work, if only to prove the 
directly harmful and socially dangerous results of the unrestricted use of 
alcohoHc liquors. Many thousands of dollars are contributed annually by 
many worthy and sincere citizens for the relief of various unfortunates 
whose condition can almost invariably be traced, directly or indirectly, to^ 
the evil effects of alcohol. Could they not persuade themselves to give a 
little to a society whose aim is to, at least, check the establishing and 
maintaining cause of the very miseries which they are so willing to help 
relieve ? 

There are probably more than two hundred thousand respectable people 
in our city who are sufficiently interested in its welfare to contribute to 
any worthy effort for the betterment of its social conditions. If all of them' 
were to give, say, lo cents each, it would amount to much more than the 
present annual receipts of the society, and would enable it to enlarge its- 
field of labor. And if, in addition, they would sign their names to re- 
monstrances against their local saloons, it would be a strong moral sup- 
port. 

EDWARD B. COOPER. 

Philadelphia, February 21. 



THIS COMBINATION, THE CLERGYMAN SAYS, WILL SOON 
END IN SMASH. 

"The Tragedy of Divorce" was the subject of the Rev. J. W. Lee's ser- 
mon in the Kaighn Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, Camden. He 
said : 

"It is easy to make mismated persons believe in hell, for they are already 
there. 

"Those rightfully divorced are entitled to respect. I do not beHeve God 
charges it against a man or woman for refusing to live with a wicked, rum- 
loving partner. 

"Records prove that more divorces are granted in the United States than 
all other civilized nations put together. 

"It is one thing to capture a sweet girl, but quite another to keep her 
sweet. Young wives, it pays better to fix up for John Henry after the 
ceremonv than before. 



266 

''The greatest divorce maker is the saloon. With the saloons closed, 
divorces will be fewer. 

"When mash, dash and cash are the entrances to matrimony, crash is 
the only way out." 



TWENTY-ONE DIVORCE TRIALS IN THREE HOURS FORTY- 
SEVEN MINUTES. 

New York, March 15. 

Twenty-one divorce trials in three hours and forty-seven minutes was 
the record of Supreme Court Justice Truax to-day, sitting in special term, 
where the undefended divorce cases are heard every Wednesday. There 
were only eleven children in the twenty families. 

Decision was reserved in every case, and before a decree can be granted 
some time must elapse. But the average trial time was 10 minutes 48 
seconds. Justice Truax managed to knock off 2 minutes and 32 seconds 
from his average time of last Wednesday, when he tried only eighteen ac- 
tions. 



128 Broadway, New York, November 8, 1901. 

My Dear Mr. Stevens : I have received your letter of the 2d, and have 
been unable to answer it until to-day. 

The rules in respect to the drinking problem are observed. Our exact 
interpretation is that we would discharge any employee who is known even 
to enter saloons during the hours when he is either on duty or subject to 
call. We do not pretend to control entirely the habit of the man when 
he is altogether off duty and not subject to call for duty. If it should ap- 
pear that any man, at any time, should be addicted to the use of intoxicat- 
ing liquor, he would be discharged promptly. 

These rules have been found necessary, and not only by the railroad 
companies, but by the principal labor organizations connected with rail- 
roads throughout the whole United States. Many men have been dis- 
charged by labor organizations from their own bodies, because of the drink 
habit. 

The responsibility of employes to the lives of passengers, to the property 
of the railroad company, as well as the responsibility to other employes in 
the service, demands practical prohibition from the use of intoxicating 
liquors. 

I want to tell you, for any use you may wish to make of it, of my expe- 
rience in Montana in the year 1889. I was put in charge of a railroad 
which had very heavy traffic, where wrecks, large or small, had occurred 
on an average of one each day. I found, immediately on taking the posi- 



267 

tion, that these wrecks were due to whisky. There was one junction point 
where three saloons were supported almost entirely by the employes of 
the railroad. It was in a mining country, where men are more or less 
reckless, and where the drink habit was supposed to be a sign of manhood. 
I issued the most arbitrary instructions, ordering the discharge of any man 
who should drink liquor during the hours when he was on duty or sub- 
ject to call. The order was laughed at for a few hours. I discharged sev- 
eral men immediately for drinking, and forced the men in the most arbi- 
trary way to leave liquor alone. The three saloons at the junction were 
forced to close. In the twelve months, after the first month, there w^as not 
a single wreck on the road. Many men who had been in the habit of 
drinking heavily thanked me privately for having issued the order, because 
it gave them an excuse for giving up the habits which they had formed. 
The fact that it had been considered manly to drink, and treat one another, 
had caused them to get into habits that they would have been glad to give 
up had they not feared the criticism of their fellow workmen. 

The general result of the prohibition of the use of liquor in the railroad 
service, both through the influence of the management and by labor or- 
ganizations, has made modern railroading possible. Without such rigid 
rules the modern railroad would be impossible. In old days all railroad 
men were supposed to drink, just as old stage-drivers drank at every stop- 
ping place ; but all that has gone by. So the railroad has been a great 
moral, as well as educating, influence throughout the country. I am, yours 
very truly, W. H. BALDWIN, JR. 

Santa Monica, Cal. 



PERSONAL LIBERTY EXPLOSION. 

From "New York Evening Post," June 5. 

John Zeller, Jr., who was inj ured yesterday by a dynamite cartridge, ex- 
ploded by his drunken father, John Zeller, Sr., is at St. Mary's Hospital, 
Jamaica, with serious lacerations of the limbs. The older Zeller, who was 
instantly killed by the explosion of the dynamite, with which he had in- 
tended to kill his wife and son, was a well digger, and always had dyna- 
mite on the premises. He was to have been arraigned next Friday on a 
charge of beating his wife, and had been locked up, but somehow secured 
bail and returned to his home at No. 282 Cooper avenue. Evergreen, in 
an intoxicated condition. , 

He was greatly excited, and threatened to blow up the house. His wife 
ran away in terror, and John Combs and his wife and mother, who oc- 
cupied the upper floor of the cottage, also fled, having heard Zeller's threat. 
Young Zeller was about to follow his mother, when his father entered the 
kitchen, and a moment later there was an explosion that wrecked the 
house. The boy was blown through the door, and his right arm, hip, and 
ankle were lacerated. The father's body was afterward found in the eel- 



268 



lar, where it had fallen through a hole made in the flooring by the explo- 
sion. 

"We have no right to think of a heaven for others, and also for our- 
selves until we are wholly determined to make this world a heaven for 
our fellow-workmen." 



ANDREW CARNEGIE'S BIGGEST BENEFACTIONS. 

Andrew Carnegie's gift of $10,000,000 for the pensioning of college pro- 
fessors ranks among his largest gifts since he began his avowed effort to 
save himself from the disgrace of dying rich. 

The only larger gift he has made is the $15,000,000 endowment of Scotch 
universities. The only other gift of the same magnitude was the one of 
$10,000,000 for the founding of the Carnegie Institution for Scientific Re- 
search. His gifts to the technical schools started in Pittsburg, have ag- 
gregated as much or more, but have been made at different times. 

Other large gifts by Mr. Carnegie include $2,500,000 for the endowment 
of Dunfermling, Scotland, his birthplace; $4,000,000 for employes' pension 
fund; $5,000,000 for Pittsburg Library; $5,000,000 for the benefit of the 
"dependants of those losing their lives in heroic effort to save their fellow- 
men, or for the heroes themselves if injured only," and to provide medals 
for heroic acts; $1,500,000 for a peace temple at The Hague; $1,500,000 for 
a building for the allied engineers' societies. 

About $40,000,000 has been given or pledged by Mr. Carnegie for libra- 
ries, numbering nearly fourteen hundred, and scattered throughout the 
civilized world. Approximately three-fourths of this amount has been ex- 
pended in the United States. His library benefactions have extended as- 
far as Australia and New Zealand. 

In England he has expended $6,000,000; in Scotland, $2,000,000; in Ire- 
land, $600,000, and in Canada, approximately, $1,500,000. Under his gift 
of $1,500,000, the Free Library of Philadelphia has already begun the erec- 
tion of buildings for branches, w-hich are to number thirty. 

Having largely supplied the demand for libraries, Mr. Carnegie has 
turned his attention to the smaller colleges, and in the last four years has 
given to them $6,500,000. of which $2,000,000 is for libraries, and the re- 
mainder for buildings, endowments and other purposes, and we are glad to 
note that Camden is one among the many recipients of his gift. 

When one looks upon the imposing structures of the city of Camden, 
such as the Carnegie Library, it causes one to think what it represents. 
As the knowledge one receives from the various books is a stepping stone 
to the young man who may receive his first inspiration for becoming the 
President of the United States. Abraham Lincoln received his ambition 
and inspiration through reading books near his humble old-fashioned fire 
place. 

But if the knowledge received by the reading of the books found in 
a library is instrumental in making a President equal to Lincoln, Car- 



269 

negie's gift will be immortalized — the same to Camden ; but if this should 
not take place, we believe it will be a great factor in forming and mould- 
ing in the mind of many young men who may serve their country as hon- 
orably in whatever avocation they may be called as honorably as though 
they were a President. 

From all appearances, it is very evident that Mr. Carnegie has very 
wisely chosen the proper course in making his donation, as his experience 
and knowledge have taught him that there is a great necessity for knowl- 
edge in the young man, and there is no doubt whatever but that his en- 
dowments will reach the approximate $40,000,000. It certainly is very 
evident that at this rate he will not die rich, since he has found great 
truth in the Scripture phrase, ''It is more blessed to give than to receive." 
This no doubt, the experience of the many years, had caused him to see 
the needs of the young man, and one might be led to think that in the 
wisdom of God, He created men for special purposes, and because of this, 
they are the recipients of the wealth of old Mother Earth, that others may 
be blessed by the proper distribution of the wealth ; then may he live 
many years to bless others. 



ROCKEFELLER GIVES TEN MILLION DOLLARS TO AID 
HIGHER EDUCATION. 

New York, June 30. 

John D. Rockefeller announced to-day a gift of $10,000,000 for higher 
education. The gift is made through the General Education Board, which 
will have the distribution of the income of this fund, and which suddenly 
rises from a comparatively- small institution for the furtherance of negro 
schools to be a power in American educational matters. 

This is John D. Rockefeller's greatest single gift to higher education. 
He has given the University of Chicago about $15,000,000, strung out over 
several years. It is also his second gift in a week, for at the Yale com- 
mencement it was announced that he had added $1,000,000 to the general 
funds of the university. 

The $10,000,000 will be used mainly for the assistance of small and 
struggling colleges. The great institutions, it is understood, are to re- 
ceive no benefit from the fund. 

There have been various comments made upon the donations made by 
Mr. Rockefeller. When one hears so many criticisms, it is only natural 
for some people to try and solve the problem and the personal motive. 
From a surface view, one would suppose that they had a selfish motive 
rather than a desire to do good. They might oppose the same on the 
ground that it was not consistent with practical Christianity, more espe- 
cially regarding the gift of $100,000 for missionary purposes. 

Because of the criticisms which the different people have taken it upon 



270 

themselves to make, I think that they have been seeking some notoriety, 
and to appear before the public, and they try to show that goodness and 
purity run deeper in their veins than in some other people. Probably it 
would have been different if those who do the criticising were made one 
of the trustees or be one of the parties to the management of the gift, 
then it might have been regarded differently, but as far as the evil effects 
of receiving such a gift are concerned (in the writers mind), they would 
not be worth mentioning, and those who so publicly denounce the accept- 
ance of the gift are committing a greater crime and doing more injury 
than they would do by accepting the gift. If they should reject a gift 
from a brewer or saloon-keeper they would have acted more wisely. 

The secret of its usefulness is in Mr. Rockefeller's motive, and it cer- 
tainly should have been accepted without any question whatever. The 
Scripture says, "Judge not, lest ye be judged." Some of the criticisers 
were so short of knowledge to give the reasons as to what the poor 
heathen would think when they had taken money from a person in the oil 
business, when the missionary appointed them to worship man or the 
oils, it would be more than his mental powers could comprehend ; but 
when he learned that a Christian nation was sending missionaries and 
Whisky to them, all in one vessel, the poor heathen would be completely 
confused, as money buys oil and oil makes money, and whiskey makes 
money go, and makes people intoxicated. 

I think it was a very wise act on the part of those who accepted the 
gift, as it will take all the oil money we can secure to educate the poor 
heathens to the logical reasoning of such theology. 



A COPY OF THE EPITAPH ON THE TOMBSTONE OF JEFFER- 
SON DAVIS. 

The following is what is on the tombstone : 

Jefferson Davis at rest. An American soldier and defender of the Con- 
stitution. 

Born in Christian Co., Kentucky, June 3, 1808. Died at New Orleans, 
Louisiana, December 6, 1889. 

West Point Class 1828. 

Member of House of Representatives from Mississippi from 1845-1846. 

Colonial First First Rifles, Mexican War, 1846-1847. 

Brigadier General U. S. Army, May 17, 1847. 

United States Senator 1847-1851. 

Secretary of War 1853-1857. 

In United States Senate from 1857 to 1861. 

President of the Confederate States of America 1861-1865. 

Faithful to all Trusts. 



271 

A Martyr to principle. He lived and died the most consistent of Amer- 
ican soldiers and statesmen. 

Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness sake for their.s 
is the kingdom of heaven. 

Erected by his wife Varina Howell Davis and his daughter Margaret 
Howell Davis Haynes, November 9, 1899. 



I have inserted the above epitaph, as some people might be curious as. 
well as interested to read it, since it has such a wonderful history con- 
nected with it; it being subject to considerable criticism, especially by the 
Northern vStates, but in the Southern States, through their conservatism, 
they are as honest in their belief to the principles of slavery as the North 
is to the belief in the principles of Abraham Lincoln. 

If they were sincere in their belief regarding the rights of slavery and. 
its perpetuation, it proves the great importance of our nation in changing 
environments so that the people will not be deluded through the greed for 
the almighty dollar, and instead of seeing what the real cause of the Civil 
War was, Jefferson Davis is placed on the tombstone as a martyr to prin- 
ciple ; therefore, if people can become so deluded by the supposed existing 
evil, slavery, then it is natural to believe that the people in the Northern 
States can be deluded to believe in personal liberty. 

If you should attempt to remove the great slave-making process from thf 
liquor traffic, then you could be well called a martyr to defend the rights, 
of the so-called personal liberty, and because of the peculiar disposition 
of the human race, it is very important that the Government should edu- 
cate its people. Read the article, "Why the Government Should Appro- 
priate $10,000,000 for Educational Purposes." 



ALCOHOL IN THE ARTS. 



WHAT ALCOHOL IS GOOD FOR. 

The legitimate use of alcohol having been so nearly suppressed by the 
Government, it is used only when no substitute can be found, and is reilly 
but little known. The following is a list of articles in which alcoh'^l is- 
an important factor : 

Aniline colors. Chemicals and colors. 

Blacking. Dental goods. 

Brass beds and fixtures. Dyes. 

Cabinet work requiring a finish. Electrical apparatus. 

Burial caskets. Flavoring extracts. 

The finish of all carriages and cars. Fulminating powder. 
Cartridges. Hats, both straw and felt. 

Celluloid and zylonite. Moldings and picture frames. 



272 

Perfumery. Smokeless powder. 

Photographic materials. Shellac. 

Pianos and organs. Sulphuric ether. 

Quick-drying paint. Transparent soap. 

Rattan goods. Varnishes. 

Silver plating. Vegetable alkaloids. 

Grain alcohol is the only satisfactory solvent for shellac. If the painter 
wants good shellac, he must help pay the i,ooo per cent, tariff on the alco- 
hol in it. But he doesn't. He gets a shoddy shellac with a cheaper sub- 
stitute. 

If you want a good derby hat, you put up a big price to help pay the 
1,000 per cent, tax on the alcohol in it. No suitable substitute has yet 
been found for alcohol in stiffening hats, both straw and felt. The same 
"is true with the stiffening in the toes of the shoes everybody wears. 

Alcohol is necessary in the manufacture of varnishes and "fillers." 

Lacquers for all polished metal goods, brass beds, locks, hardware of all 
kinds, and enamels, require alcohol. The only satisfactory substitute for 
:alcohol in these goods is sulphuric ether, and sulphuric ether is largely 
composed of alcohol. 

Alcohol is absolutely necessary in large quantities in the manufacture of 
dyes in coloring establishments. The reason we have such defective dye- 
ing is that dyers cannot afford to pay $2.09 tax on 15 cent alcohol, and so 
;they substitute something less effective. 

In the manufacture of photograph films, chemicals, and plates, if first- 
class goods, alcohol is the largest element of cost. Free alcohol for proper 
purposes would greatly cheapen the cost of all photographic supplies. It 
would improve the quality as well. 

The reason why the hunter and the sportsman are unable to make use 
'of smokeless powder is simply that the actual tax on the amount of alcohol 
used in making a pound of smokeless powder is exactly 37 cents, and this 
item alone makes the cost 50 per cent, higher than if alcohol were free — 
for proper purposes. 

The celluloid and zylonite industry is crippled in this country because of 
the large amount of alcohol required in its manufacture. 

The transparent soap, which is so common abroad, is not manufactured 
in America on account of the prohibitive tax on the alcohol necessary for 
its manufacture. 

A few years ago, Walter T. Kirk, of the great soap-making firm of 
James S. Kirk & Co., testified before a congressional committee that the tax 
on alcohol increased the cost of transparent soap five dollars per gross. 
The result is that a single English firm (Pears) is making nearly a mil- 
lion dollars a year by selling this transparent soap in America, where it 
cannot be made on account of the prohibitory tax on alcohol for proper 
■purposes, 

WHAT OTHER NATIONS HAVE DONE. 

The United States is now almost the sole country that does not encour- 



273 



age the use of alcohol for industrial purposes by removing the tax on it 
when properly denaturized. 

Germany has taken the lead in this matter and even offered government 
rewards for the best devices for consuming alcohol in motors, etc. Soci- 
eties have been formed for the purpose of promoting the use of alcohol 
for industrial purposes instead of for beverage purposes. The result is 
that alcohol is now used for heating, cooking, lighting, and a thousand 
things. Hamburg has an alcohol fire-engine in operation, and is building 
others. The Hamburg-American line is beginning to use alcohol for mo- 
tive power in their steam launches for harbor purposes. All this has been 
accomplished since 1887, when the law governing the use of alcohol for 
technical purposes was enacted. 

Close behind Germany comes France, encouraging the use of alcohol for 
industrial instead of beverage purposes. Switzerland is following the 
policy, and very recently Great Britain and Russia entered upon the plan. 
Russia has offered a large reward for the best method of denaturizing 
alcohol for these purposes. Last month (September) the chancellor of 
the British Exchequer appointed a committee headed by Sir Henry Prim- 
rose to inquire into schemes for promoting the industrial use of alcohol. 

Two years ago the Peruvian government called an "anti-alcohol" con- 
gress to meet at Lima, where it was planned to divert the use of alcohol 
from beverage to industrial purposes. Many members of the Peruvian 
government, especially the upper house of the national legislature, are dis- 
tillers, yet they appreciated the fact that the people were drinking to ex- 
cess and joined heartily in the program. 

The movement has even reached Cuba ; not because it was planned in 
any way or by anybody, but because alcohol is sold at ten cents a gallon 
and American engineers are putting in numerous municipal water-works 
and municipal lighting plants with power operated with alcohol as a fuel. 

DENATURIZING — WHERE AND HOW. 

In the United States the law provides for tax free alcohol for the follow- 
ing purposes : 

(i) For scientific purposes. 

(2) For export. 

(3) To make government smokeless powder. 

The alcohol for scientific purposes is strictly confined to educational in- 
stitutions and laboratories and hospitals connected therewith. It does not 
apply to general hospitals and not even to educational hospitals, save for 
use in strict laboratory work. A bond is required that the alcohol will be 
used for proper and legal purposes. 

Alcohol, intended for export, is released free of tax under bond. In 
some instances American manufacturers have sent bonded alcohol to Cana- 
da, tax free, manufactured their goods there and sent the goods back, pay- 
ing the duty thereon, and found it cheaper than paying 1,000 per cent, tax 
on the alcohol itself. 

Manufacturers having government contracts for making smokeless pow- 

18 



2/4 

der, are allowed tax-free alcohol for the government contracts, save in some 
cases where the government itself supplies the alcohol. 

But all countries which allow free alcohol for industrial purposes guard 
against the improper use of untaxed alcohol by a process of denaturiza- 
tion — that is, mixing with the alcohol some drug which makes it unfit for 
beverage purposes. 

The denaturizing methods of Great Britain. France, Germany, and Swit- 
zerland are briefly as follows : 

Great Britain. — The law requires that one part of wood naptha of a 
quality approved at the government laboratory shall be mixed by thorough 
agitation with nine parts of spirits. If intended for the retail trade, three- 
eighths of I per cent, of mineral naptha is added. 

France. — The usual denaturizing material is wood alcohol, the same as 
in England. The quality must be of 90 per cent, proof, and contain 2S per 
cent, of acetone. It must also contain 2^2 per cent, of pyroligneous (that 
is, acid) impurities, which impart a strong and characteristic flavor or 
taste of the raw product of the wood distillation. The above method is 
only for use at the place where treated. For transportation there must be 
added 500 cubic centimeters of heavy benzine and one gram of green 
malachite per hectoliter. 

Germany. — For ge^ieral purposes wood alcohol mixed with pyridine 
bases or coal-tar preparations is used. Four parts of wood alcohol are 
mixed with one part of the pyridine bases, and this is added to the pure 
alcohol in the proportion of 2V2 per cent. Alcohol denaturized in this way 
receives thereafter no further governmental supervision. 

For special manufacturing purposes the German law specifies a number 
of different denaturizing mixtures, the alcohol so treated being subjected 
to government supervision. Bone oil, turpentine, and sulphuric ether are 
the principal additional materials used. 

What other nations do for those who use alcohol for the various pur- 
poses named, the United States should do for those who use it for such 
purposes. 



July 3, 1905. 
Mr. S. B. Gofe. 

Broadway and Bridge Ave., 
Camden, N. J. 
Sir: Replying to yours of the ist instant, you are respectfully informed 
that this bureau has not published any information with respect to mil- 
lionaires in the United States. If you have access to or can procure a 
copy of the American Agriculturist Year Book for 1900, you will find 
therein, page 299, a list of the "world's greatest millionaires," comprising 
some fifty or sixty persons with estimated wealth of each. The same year 
book for 1901 has an article on the distribution of wealth according to the 
eleventh census by Mr. Geo. K. Holmes. Chief of the Division of Farms,, 



Homes and Mortgages, under tliat censiis, which yon \\\\] donbtless tind 
of interest. The article states that the New York Tribnne, after exten- 
sive correspondence, pnblished a list of 4,047 millionaires in the country, 
their wealth being placed at $12,000,000,000, or about three millions each; 
it further states that at that time 19 per cent, of the wealth of the countr)' 
was owned by the millionaires, who w-ere 0.03 per cent, of the families, 54 
per cent, of it by the richer class (not including millionaires), which in- 
cluded 9 per cent, of the families ; y^ per cent of it by 9 per cent, of the 
families (including the millionaires), and 27 per cent, of it by the poorer 
class, which included 91 per cent, of the families. 

T have referred your letter to the Director of the Census for such farther 
attention as he may be able to give your inquiry. 

Very truly 3'ours, 

JOHN WHITNEY, 

Acting Chief of Bureau. 



WATER DRINKING ONE OF THE BEST ?.IEANS OF KEEPING 

IN HEALTH. 

The human body contains a complete sewerage s^^stem in which poison- 
ous and disease-producing refuse is constantly gathering, and jeopardizing 
the health, says Invention. The same rule which apphes to municipal 
sanitation will also apply to personal sanitation, says Mr. G. T. Palmer, 
M. D., and the danger of disease may be forestalled by flushing out this 
sew-erage system with an excess of water. Just as truly as the gathering 
of filth from the city in the "sewerage veins" endangers the lives of the 
inhabitants, so the poisons generated by the bodily metabolism, collected in 
the excretory organs, will jeopardize the lives of the millions of inhabitants 
of the body — the living cells. Every action of muscle or of nerve is ac- 
companied by the destruction of cells, which, if not eliminated, wil] ac- 
cumulate like clinkers. 

Aside from the mere "choking of the flues," we must bear in mind that 
the body is constantly generating poisons, which, if eliminated freely, wiil 
do no harm ; but which, if retained, will be productive of disease. Such a 
poison is uric acid, wdiich is charged justly with causing rheumatism, gout, 
constant headaches, dizziness, and a train of other symptoms, and it mnst 
be seen that if the accumulation of refuse is the cause of such conditions, 
the logical means of cure is its elimination. Other "products of metabol- 
ism" create their own types of disease and all may be prevented by the 
free use of water. 

A beginning of kidney trouble lies in the fact that people, especially 
women, do not drink enough water. They pour down tumblers of ice 
water as an accompaniment to a meal ; but that is worse tJian no water, 
the chill preventing digestion, and indigestion being an indirect promoter 



276 

of kidney disease. A tumbler of water sipped in the morning immediately 
on rising-, another at night, are recommended by physicians. Try to drink 
as little water as possible with meals, but take a glassful half an hour to 
an hour before eating. This rule persisted in day after day, month after 
month, the complexion will improve and the general health likewise. Water 
drunk with meals should be sipped, as well as taken sparingly. 



EYES AND CALIFORNIA LIGHT. 

Many of the people that go to California for the good that the trip across 
the continent will do their impaired health, get relief in a wholly unex- 
pected and even accidental way. A California physician says that the 
bright light of that "Land of Sunshine" so quickly affects eyes in which 
there are errors of refraction, that the tourist is compelled to consult a 
local oculist. The oculist relieves the eye-strain, and in so doing removes 
the insomnia, headache, depression and other ills from which the patient 
has suffered and for which he made the trip. Thus it is developed that 
5ome defect in the eyes is at the bottom of all the patient's trouble. 



ECONOMIZING VITAL FORCE. 

As a result of careful study and many exhaustive experiments the writer 
is convinced that the average man or woman uses up in the performance 
of ordinary everyday acts from three to fifteen times the amount of vital 
force necessary. The vitality so wasted is in many cases sufficient to make 
all the difference between weakness and strength, between sickness and 
health or between failure and success. 

The ways in which vitality is wasted are many and various. We need 
consider but two — incorrect posture of the body and excessive muscular 
action. Another and most far-reaching factor in nervous vital waste is 
lack of control of the emotions. A bent body is strained by its own 
weight, so we find that among people having such bodies the mere act of 
holding up the body in standing, walking and moving about requires from 
four to ten times as much vital outlay as the straight body.— Dr. W. R. C. 
Latson in Success. 



A PLEA FOR SMALL ATTENTIONS. 
If men only knew how much their wives appreciate the little attentions 
that they consider too small to think about there would be more of the 



2TJ 



courtesies that marked the antenuptial period manifested in the everyday 
routine life that comes after marriage. 

A man when he has succeeded in winning a woman calmly lays aside all 
those delightful little ways that, if he only knew it, did so much to capti- 
vate her and with the air of a man who has run after a street car, he set- 
tles down and reads his paper without having an idea that she is eating 
her heart out because of the absence of those trifling attentions that mean 
so much to her. 

Listen, all ye men, to a wife who knows how much woman's nature is 
alike and how happy we all become over little kindnesses which may not 
in your eyes be worth considering, but which to us speak of a sentiment 
that has not died out in marriage and a polite regard for the wife that is 
as great as that shown the fiancee. 



LIFE INSURANCE AND THE "EQUITABLE LIFE" SCANDAL. 

Not since the days of Oakes Ames — his "little book" — and the Credit 
Mobilier, when the Vice President, Senators and leaders in the House of 
Representatives, and members of Congress never made widely known be- 
fore were involved, have so manjr honorable reputations been called in 
question as since the 8th day of February in the present year, when the 
first detonation in the series of explosions in the Equitable Life Assurance 
Society was heard. On that day James W. Alexander, president of the 
society, presented a petition to the directors at their annual meeting, signed 
by himself and thirty-three other officials of different grades, praying that 
policy holders holding policies of five thousand dollars or more might be 
empowered to vote at the annual election of directors ; and another peti- 
tion, signed by himself and thirty-eight other officials, protesting against 
the re-election of James H. Hyde as vice president. 

The board took these matters under advisement, but re-elected the prin- 
cipal officers, including Mr. Hyde. Great Avas the excitement when Mr. 
Alexander made many grave and specific charges against - Mr. Hyde's 
spirit, methods, and actions. The committee investigated and reported, 
condemning Hyde, also the president and many of the directors. The 
press has given almost as much space and attention to the subject as it 
did to the Spanish war. The Board of Directors became the scene of 
fierce contest, and several of the most influential directors resigned. 

We have said nothing about this portentous fermentation, although sub- 
scribers from different parts of the country, jn natural alarm, have written 
to us as to whether their policies were safe. But as the Superintendent of 
Insurance of the State of New York has made an investigation, and pub- 
lished it, in the hope of shedding some light on the situation and properly 
emphasizing the moral issues, we will submit to our readers the results of 



278 

a cio^e reading of all the reports that have been made, and the most care- 
ful discussions, and availing ourselves of some important personal oppor- 
tunities of securing authentification. 



THE BUSINESS OF LIFE INSURANCE. 

This vast business is tlie principal hope for old age and the support of 
families after the death of the breadwinner, of a large majority of our 
readers. In 1902 the life insurance companies reported to the Insurance 
Department of the State of New York that the accumulated funds amount- 
ed to more than $2,000,000,000, and the insurance in force in these same 
companies was over $8,400,000,000. In 1852, just fifty years before these 
reports were made, the entire assets of the fifteen life insurance companies 
( all ^that then existed in the United States) was $7,900,000, and the amount 
in policies hardly exceeded $80,000,000. More than 20,000,000 persons are 
at this time insured in the life insurance companies of the United States. 
Of these about one and a fourth per cent., or 250,000, die each year. 

The president of one of the three largest companies in the United States 
reports that the average number in each family whose head is insured is 
five persons, so that on the deaths in 1902 of those insured about one mil- 
lion persons benefited by the payment by the companies of about $192,000,- 
000 in death losses. 

About 50,000 men and women are making their living as agents. 

Read the "Evils of Life Insurance vs. Their Good," page 224. 



FOLK POINTS OUT PERILS OF THE UNENFORCED LAW. 

'"in proportion as the average morality in a State is strong, just to that 
extent is the State great, and good government reigns." Starting with 
this widely and cheerfully ignored truism. Joseph W. Folk, Governor of 
Missouri, contributes a terse and timely article, under the title, "The En- 
forcement of Law," to the Independent. 

"Laws that are put on the statute books," continued Governor Folk, 
"must be put there for some purpose. Laws that are not enforced add just 
as much to good government as sores do to the strength of the human 
body. 

"Many men observe those laws which they like, and disregard those 
laws which are obnoxious to them. The trust magnate looks with abhor- 
rence on the pickpocket who violates the larceny statutes ; but thinks that 
he himself has a perfect right to break the laws against combinations and 
monopolies. The burglar detests the lawbreaking of the trusts ; but thinks 
the law against housebreaking unjust and unfair. The boodler considers 
the law against bribery an interference with his personal rights, but he 



demands the rigid enforcement of the law against the man that steals his 
property. The dram shop keeper thinks that the law against murder is a 
good law, but the law requiring" his dram shop to close on Sunday is Puri- 
tanical and tyrannical and a 'blue law.' 

WHEN LAWS BrCCOMK 'bLUE.' 

"It has been my experience that any law looks 'blue' to the man who 
wants to break it. 

"So it goes. Men obey the laws that restrict the other fellow\ but laws 
regulating their own conduct they regard as interefering with their rights. 
If every man were allowed to judge for himself which laws are good and 
which laws are bad, and to ignore the bad laws, as he sees them, w^e would 
have anarchy. 

"There would be no laws at all. That is the spirit of the mob, which 
hangs a man because it thinks he is a bad man. Yet if each individual 
were given the right to put out of the way every person that he thinks is 
not a good citizen, no man's life would be safe. The only proper test is 
to enforce every law upon the statute books. If the law be a bad law, 
the remedy is to repeal, not to ignore it. 

"No official has the right to ignore any law. It is not for him to say 
whether the law is good or bad. but it is for him to enforce it as he finds 
it on the books. 

"A great deal has been said in Missouri in the last few weeks about what 
is commonly called the 'lid.' The 'land of the lid' means the land of law. 
When people talk about taking off the 'lid' on Sunday, they mean to let 
the law be violated wath impunity. They mean for officials to violate their 
oaths of office and to cast aw^ay the obligations. that they took when they 
entered office. If we take the 'lid' off of the Sunday law, can we not with 
equal propriety take the 'lid' off of the larceny statute and off of the mur- 
der statute? Then we would have anarchy. 

government's greatest danger. 

"The greatest danger to every government lies in the fact that laws 
that are made are not enforced as they are made. There has been entireh 
too much making of laws to please the moral element, and then allowing 
the laws to be ignored to please the immortal element. 

"My convictions may be termed idealistic, but ideas and ideals are the 
life of a free people. We are made and governed by the things we cher- 
ish. The public life of a. nation is but a reflection of its private life. No 
government was ever better than the people made it, nor worse than they 
suffered it to become. Without moral vigor material strength counts for 
nothing, resources count for nothing. 

"The empire of Rome built highways and constructed splendid cities 
wdiile her civilization was declining. She erected barriers against the bar- 
barous hordes who surged over them while the strength of Roman char- 



28o 

acter ebbed away, and when that was gone there was nothing to defend, 
there was nothing to conquer. 

"There is an old tale of an Eastern King who caused a magnificent palace 
to be erected as the abode of his majesty and power. Stone by stone the 
structure grew, and the heart of the King swelled with pride. One morn- 
ing the palace was found in ruins. Not one stone stood upon another. 
'What great treason has been accomplished here?' the King exclaimed, 
and a price was set upon the head of the traitor who had destroyed the 
abode of majesty. But a wise man of the court said to the King: 'Great 
Master, there was no treason here. Your house that was great and 
mighty has fallen down because the builders used mortar without sand, 
and the work that they did has come to ruin.' 

THE SAME WITH THE STATE. 

"So with the State. External grandeur counts for nothing, if we ignore 
those vital principles of morality and of law that give life to a State. We 
may count our wealth as the sands of the sea, the domes of our capitols 
and the spires of our churches may pierce the sky and glitter among the 
stars, yet all must fall, all must crumble away like the palace of the ancient 
King, unless it be welded together and strengthened by those moral prin- 
ciples that are the foundation of an enlightened citizenship. 

"When corrupt principles are allowed to influence public acts and sel- 
fish considerations deter the people from upholding the laws and from 
giving their best efforts to the public good, we are making mortar with- 
out sand." 



"A Modern Tale" is the title of a poem in The North American of July 
15, 1805. It shows the value of a cold key placed on the back for nose 
bleed : 

There was a man of Adam's race, 

A man was he indeed, sir, 
Who tumbled down upon his face. 

Which caused his nose to bleed, sir. 

His nose it bled — it bled full sore; 

It bled an hour or two, sir; 
It bled an hour, or two or more; 

Upon my word, 'tis true, sir. 

Meanwhile his friends and neighbors dear 

Post haste for surgeons sent, sir; 
They sent for surgeons far and near. 

To stop the bloody vent, sir. 



28l 



The surgeons came with look demure, 
Each panting hard for breath, sir ; 

Each panting hard, they came to cure 
This case of Hfe or death, sir. 

Doctor Grimalkus first came in 
With Magick Tractors arm'd, sir; 

He view'd the patient — gave a grin 
Which might have death disarm'd, sir. 

Fie stroked his nose full oft, full well, 
Still dropp'd full many a drop, sir; 

He stroked his nose — but sad to tell. 
The blood he could not stop, sir. 

With zinc and silver, next approach'd 
Galvin, the blood to still, sir; 

Doctor Grimalkus, he reproach'd, 
Reproached for want of skill, sir. 

With much parade — parade — and show 
He shock'd the bleeding man, sir- 
But still the fluent blood did flow, 
The fluent blood still ran, sir. 

Next came a host of patent quacks. 

Of patent quacks a host, sir; 
Of patent nostrums on their backs. 

They proudly made their boast, sir. 

Each patentee, with hopes elate. 
His sovereign cures did try, sir — 

But each, alas ! was "call'd too late," 
"The man must surely die, sir." 

.fc >;< >|c >!< ;i< >Jc >,^ ^ ^ 

Upon his back cold keys were laid — ■ 
Cold keys upon his back, sir ; 

Until, at length, the blood was stay'd — 
The flood, at length, did slack, sir. 



THE NEGRO PROBLEM. 

Mr. Baker calls our attention to some facts touching the negro phase of 
the question that are thought-aAvakeners. We quote a sentence here and 
there. Comment is not needed : 



282 



•'There are two very distinct kinds of negroes— as distinct as the classes 
of white men. The first of these is the self-respecting resident negro. 

. . . On the other hand one finds everywhere large numbers of the 
so-called 'worthless negroes,' perhaps a growing class, who float from 
town to town, doing rough work, having no permanent place of abode, not 
known to the w^hite population generally." 

"Even after making due allowance for the bitter problems of 'social 
equality,' negro franchise, and negro crime, all of which go to make up 
what is called 'race prejudice,' it is safe to say that if there were only the 
better class of whites in the South and the better class of negroes, there 
would be no such thing as a negro problem." 

"It is said in the South that the negro always attacks the friendly, in- 
offensive, or unprotected whites; that he rarely, if ever, injures a man 
he fears." 

"The nearer the white man comes to the social level of the negro, the 
more he hates him." 

"In Springfield there are about 1,500 negro voters, practically every one 
of whom is bought at every election. . . . The venal negro vote goes 
to the highest bidder, carries the elections, and, with the whisky influence, 
governs the town. This is the vote — both negro vote and saloon vote — 
which the South is rapidly eliminating. Springfield, enlightened, educated, 
progressive, highly American, has 145 saloons — or one to every 285 people. 
Before the lynching nine of these were negro saloons — some of them in- 
describably vile. . . . For years the ineffective good citizen has pro- 
tested against these abominable resorts, but when the Republicans wanted 
to win they needed the votes from these places, and when the Democrats 
w^anted to win they needed them. ... So these vile places remained 
open, protected by the police, breeding crime, and encouraging arrogance, 
idleness, and vice among negroes. . . . But wfho is to blame? The 
negro who accepts the bribe, or the white politician who is eager to give it, 
or the white business man, who, desiring special privileges, stands behind 
the white politician, or the ordinary citizen who doesn't care?" 

"If you were to tell these men {hat the negroes of Springfield are dis- 
franchised as absolutely as they are anywhere in the South, they would 
stare at you in amazement. But a purchased vote is a disfranchised voter. 
The negroes have no more real voice in the government of Springfield 
than they have in the government of Savannah or New Orleans. In the 
South the negro has been disfranchised by law or by intimidation ; in the 
North by cash. Which is worse?" 

"Springfield , . . has had a growing negro population and there has 
been an awakening race prejudice between the white workingmen and the 
negroes. . . . Indeed, there are everywhere evidences that the negro 
problem is creeping northward, not slowly, and that as the proportion of 
colored population increases the Northern States will be compelled to 
meet exactly the questions with which the South is now struggling — dis- 
franchisement of the negro, lynching, and 'social equality' in all its v?iri- 



283 

ous forms. And the Northerner, with little understanding of the negro 
character, is not likely to be as patient as the Southerner has been." 

All of this points to the doctrine to which The New Voice is calling 
attention with growing emphasis : the absolute need of the union of forces 
of righteousness to overthrow the interlinked units of crime. If at the 
tip of one little finger the spot of leprosy's pale death appear, the leprous 
"problem" will "creep" from member to member unless the health of the 
remaining whole take courage to cut away the death-center. The saloon 
problem overlaps the race controversy, the crime of lynching roots with 
drunkenness, irnorance, and lawlessness ; rotten politics permeate and 
overlie and grow out of all. 

This race problem, like many others, has become so interwoven in the 
transaction of business, especially the labor part, which so much afifects 
our politiral condition, that those who are seeking for political honors and 
positions find it to their advantage to use them. While many are intensely 
interested in this, yet they seem to forget that there are as many women 
as men. and while they have no place in politics, they have positions in 
thousands of homes, and because of the certain peculiarities of this certain 
race and for the want of proper knowledge, how they should conduct them- 
selves, and how the housewife can secure the best services, there is often 
considerable unpleasantness, not only with the servant girl, but with the 
inistress, also. 

Because of this, the subject is much more far-reaching in the making of 
a home just what it should be. Very frequently when things go wrong 
with the mistress, many other things happen in the same line which inter- 
fere with the happiness of the home, and because of this disturbed condi- 
tion it will detract from making the mistress have the most amiable dis- 
position ; therefore, there is much more obligation on those who have 
charge of educating the colored race, to teach them how they should do 
to successfully get along with their mistress. 

I know that there are many young housekeepers who do not know nor 
have the experience as to how to get along with the servant girl, and if 
the possessor of this book should have any difficulty regarding this ques- 
tion, we would be glad to advise you to some one who has had years of 
experience in this line, and will help you in solving the problem how to 
get along with your servant girl. 



GETTING RICH QUICK AND POOR MUCH QUICKER. 

The city is having another experience with schemes devised to make for- 
tunes suddenly, with the usual result that many persons are poorer of¥ 
than ever before — some of them ruined. We have much sympathy with 
the unfortunate persons involved in the latest crash, and yet they arc 
really the victims of their own credulity. They have had ample warning 



284 

from time immemorial of the futility of trying to make something out of 
nothing. It cannot be done, and will fail in future as in the past. 

Some men have achieved fortunes quickly and honestly by discovering 
some useful invention, by finding gold mines and the like, but these arc 
comparatively few. In the many changes that have come in values in re- 
cent years men have amassed fortunes by taking advantage of the rise and 
fall of securities, but as a rule money is made by the old-fashioned meth- 
ods of thrift, economy and foresight. Of those who have lost so heavily 
in the recent failure, there were none who could not have satisfied them- 
selves with ordinary caution that the scheme was impossible. Many of 
them perhaps only expected to get in and out quick, some were deluded 
by the success of others and all were stimulated by promises which could 
not be fulfilled on any known principles of commercial or financial in- 
tegrity. 

The old saying that there is a fool born every minute is all too true. 
There are constantly those who are dissatisfied with the small amount of 
their savings and hope to get rich quick and are allured by the blandish- 
ments of those who are not to be trusted. Probably most of these know 
there is something fundamentally unsound in the principle which they fol- 
low, but they are depending on some happy chance to let them get out with 
a profit. 

The way to. get along in this world is to be honest, industrious, intelli- 
gent and thrifty. It does not always lead to wealth, but it does to happi- 
ness, and that is much better. — Philadelphia Inquirer. 



LIFE INSURANCE— GET FULLY ACQUAINTED WITH THE 
TERMS OF YOUR POLICY. 

"What the average purchaser of life insurance doesn't know about the 
thing he is purchasing would fill a good-sized book printed with very nar- 
row margins," says an insurance expert. "For instance, I talked not long 
since with a man who fancied he was insured for $10,000 on the fifteen 
year endowment plan. That is, he thought he had to make payments for 
fifteen years — which was true — and that at the end of that time he could 
get $10,000 in cash or take a part in cash and a part in paid up insurance, 
which, as it turned out, was not true. The rate he was paying was so 
very low for what he said he was getting that I asked to see his policy, 
and when I looked at it I found, just as he might have found on a brief 
examination, that while he was insured for life, with only fifteen yearly 
payments, he could not get the $10,000 or any part of it for a good many 
years more. No insurance company in the world will permit the fooling 
of a patron like this if it can help it, and yet to attribute such a mistaken 
idea to fraudulent misrepresentation on the part of an unworthy agent 
would not always be fair. Many men who take insurance, and especially 



those who do not decide to go in until they have looked at it a long time, 
go in finally with a rush. They don't give the agent time to tell them 
what they are getting, and often don't find out for years afterward. An- 
other thing that many insured persons do not know is that a rebate on 
the first payment, arranged between the insured and the agent, sometimes 
renders the whole transaction invalid." — Philadelphia Record. 



ALCOHOL AND CONSUMPTION. 

From time of which there is no record there has been prevalent a belief 
that whisky and milk, especially whisky, constituted the most hopeful 
antidote for consumption. Dr. Lawrence Flick endorses the milk, but he 
damns the whisky. Keep away from it — keep away from alcohol in any 
form, is his advice to those suffering from the ominous disease, to the 
conquering of which the Philadelphia physician has devoted his life. 

In his new book, "Consumption a Curable and Preventable Disease," he 
speaks thus strongly : "Alcoholism not only kills the individual, but ap- 
pears to produce a predisposition for consumption in the offspring." 

Dr. Flick, of course, speaks from the vantage ground of deep technical 
knowledge and wide experience. His conclusions must have great weight. 
The records of the White Haven Sanitarium, of which he is the moving 
spirit, show that at least 75 per cent, of the consumptives treated there are 
discharged as cured. 

It follows, then,- that when Dr. Flick throws the weight of his achieve- 
ment in the scale against alcohol, its advocates must quickly marshal their 
witnesses or abandon their case. 

Fresh air, whether it be city air or country air; plenty of eggs and 
plenty of milk — these constitute the reasonable treatment. "Climate," he 
says, "is of little value." The supposed peculiarly curative properties of 
mountain air he belittles. "It is outside air that counts." "Outside air is 
good anywhere." "Even in cities outside air answers all practical pur- 
poses for the cure of consumption." 

To the lay mind these words smack strongly of the gospel of common 
sense. And we have excellent authority for believing that they represent 
the best of medical knowledge also. 



RUM DID IT. 



Back of the horror of the ball park tragedy and beyond and above its 
fateful stimulus of social alarm and belated official activity looms por- 
tentously the greatest menace to the nation — rum. It remained for Pas- 
tor Yates, of the Church of God, to inculcate publicly and solemnly the 
significant lesson of this shocking calamity. 



286 

Why did the heedless crowd rush to the hanging gallery, to be flung 
thence in battered heaps of mangled humanity? Three men in the street, 
Avith brains muddled by liquor, an affrighted child shrieking under the 
clutches of a staggering brute — such were the simple elements of untold 
mischief and suffering, with grim Death holding high carnival at the sad 
scene. 

Never was public declaration more truthful, impressive and significant 
than the Rev. Mr. Yates' ringing denunciation of drunkenness as the real 
origin and incitation of this terrible catastrophe. The public conscience, 
sound, true and unerring, will cry amen to his moving appeal for relief 
from the burden of this legalized offending. 

Rum did it, and civilized man, willy nilh\ is his brother's keeper. What 
shall he do about it? 



DRINK DOESN'T PAY. 

While organizations \Ahich concern themselves with the moral welfare 
of the people are spending time, money and honest effort in an attempt to 
overcome the liquor traffic and its attendant evils by appealing to the senti- 
mental side of human nature, the railroads and certain other great corpo- 
rations are actually accomplishing this end by a practical appeal to the 
pockets of their employes. Rules prohibiting employes from indulging in 
liquor or frequenting saloons while on duty are now strictly enforced by 
nearly every American railroad, and within the last few weeks the Chi- 
cago and Alton Company has consistently amended its conduct regulation 
so as to prohibit officials of the company carrying liquor on their private 
cars when traveling on business or making tours of inspection. 

This particular action marks the latest advance in what we may truly 
call the only effective war that can ever be waged against intemperance. 
It is powerful because practical. The average sense of right and wrong 
when dissociated from the material is not sufficiently developed to be ap- 
pealed to by arguments concerning moral obligation and the like. But 
there are very few men who have to work for a living who are not able 
to appreciate the value of temperance when they see other men lose good 
positions because of intemperance. 

There are very few men who are willing to disregard the argument of 
the flattened pay envelope. 

It may have been possible in the slow and easy-going times of old for 
a man to indulge in strong drink with more or less regularity and still 
keep pace in some measure, at least, with his duties. It is not possible 
now. The last half century has wrought numerous changes in men, man- 
ners and conditions, but none more radical than that concerning the use 
of liquor. Whereas, it was looked upon as the mark of a gentleman or a 
good fellow fifty years ago, it is now generally regarded as a sign of in- 
ef^ciencv. He who drinks, however skilled or talented, is worth less than 



287 

he who does not. And this admirable change has been brought about in 
part by the railroads and other great corporations, which have had the 
good sense to see that the only way to solve a practical problem is by ap- 
plying practical rules and methods. 



SORROW IN HEAVEN. 

Bishop Luther B. Wilson, Methodist Episcopal Church, who will be 
remembered by Ocean City people as having preached at the Auditorium 
on Sunday, July 24, of last year, delivered an address at the International 
Epworth League Convention eft Denver on last Sunday on the "Legalized 
Saloon." 

"A legalized saloon is a shame to civil government and an insult to God. 
A saloon is the same whether it be situated in the darkness of an alleyway 
where murderers and thieves may seek the companionship to be found 
there, or upon the open street in sight of the multitudes that go by." 

The Bishop paused for an instant, his chest heaved, and then, with a 
sweeping gesture, he fairly shouted : 

"You can't consecrate damnation, you can't change hell. If there was 
ever a time when all hell broke out in laughter, it was when this saloon 
was opened with prayer and Christian songs. If there was ever a time 
when all the angels in heaven wept, it was when this damnable and gi- 
gantic sacrilege was consummated." 



ENGLAND SOBERING UP— A SIGNIFICANT FEATURE OF AUS- 
TIN CHAMBERLAIN'S BUDGET SPEECH. 

The marked decline in the consumption of alcoholic spirits in Great 
Britain proved to be the significant sociological feature of Mr. Austen 
Chamberlain's recent budget speech. In the fiscal year ending March 31, 
1905, the drink duties indicate the smallest consumption of beer and spirits 
in fifteen years. The noticeable decline in this source of imperial revenue 
has progressed steadily since 1900. 

The young chancellor of the exchequer was well advised in not follow^- 
ing the lead of cynical financiers who have argued, as did the author of 
"The Fable of the Bees," that private vices are public benefits. However 
great the loss in revenue from excises on spirits, the gain in general pro- 
ductive power which lessened consumption of alcohol implies is tantament 
to an enhanced ability to pay other taxes. 

Austen Chamberlain ascribes the decline in drink duties to the changing 
habits of the people, who are spending more on outdoor excursions and 
recreations and less in the taverns of Gin lane. The reproach which Eng- 



lishmen have themselves heaped upon their countrymen of being "a 
<irunken nation" shows signs of losing its significance, a most encouraging 
omen. — Nezv York Post. 



ALCOHOLISM IN FRANCE— PARIS PHYSICIAN TRACES HIS 
COUNTRY'S ILLS TO DRINK. 

That alcoholism steadily is becoming worse in France while it is dis- 
appearing elsewhere was a statement made in a public lecture by Dr. 
Poitou du Plessy at the Lycee Charlemagne in Paris. The subject of the 
lecture by the celebrated physician was. "What Young People Can Do In 
Combating Alcoholism." 

"To the drink evil," he said, "can be traced the gradual disappearance 
of the family and the deterioration of racial attributes. Gradual degen- 
eracy is a sure result unless alcoholism be checked." 

Dr. Poitou du Plessy demonstrated that drink was the prime factor in 
causing tuberculosis, madness, misery and crime. He then emphasized the 
growth of the evil in France and its decrease in other countries. The 
speaker said the only way successfully to combat the evil is to arouse 
the public conscience. The law of social solidarity, he said, has a sci- 
-entific basis which imposes a moral duty upon the members of society to 
defend themselves and their fellows from such a menace as that which 
alcoholism now presents. 



ADVICE TO YOUNG MEN. 

The young men of to-day are the ones upon whom the nation is de- 
pending for its success, and I would not like to bring this book to a close 
without making a strong appeal to the young man of the great importance 
of conducting himself properly, and as he advances in years, he will be 
one of those on whom the weal or woe of the nation will depend. In 
whatever capacity he may be called upon to act, or whatever position he 
may have to fill, from the humble mechanic to the greatest statesman, each 
one plays his part in making up a city, and eventually a nation,- just what 
it should be. 

We all know the management of the municipality or community depends 
upon the men who have the right of franchise, and unless the young man 
is educated along the moral lines, he will act contrary to those principles 
which tend to make the community what the best citizen desires it to be, 
as far as good government is concerned, and this can only be secured by 
being good and upright themselves ; and as city affairs are controlled, so 
are the young men, and in order to avoid being trapped by those who 



289 

make their living from the vices through our present form of government, 
it proves the importance of making the environments suitable for the 
young man, just as the farmer removes the tares that grow up and choke 
out the good seed ; therefore, unless you assist by your help' you will be 
in the same condition as that of the parable of the sower, and I can only 
call your attention to the fifteenth verse in the Chapter of Timothy, which 
says, "Study to know thyself, approved unto God as a workman that need- 
eth not to be ashamed." 

If you will comply with the requirements necessary to receive this ap- 
probation, then there will be no question but that you will be approved by 
men who have always fought for the maintenance of the right principles 
in church and politics. They are the bone and sinew of our nation, and 
you should be one to help by your good influence, with those who do con- 
tend for the maintenance of all those principles which help to make a 
good government. 

Therefore I repeat, study thyself. This will enable you to know that 
you have a clean record like that of a banking house. See that your own 
personal business balances, both morally and financially, by not contracting 
any debts except those which you are positive you can pay. By so doing, 
you will avoid the perplexity of balancing the accounts of the many long 
lists of those vices which shipwreck thousands of young men in their en- 
deavor to keep up with the social end of life, which he knows, if per- 
sistently followed, will lead his ship to destruction, and he will be left 
along the strand as an object lesson. 

To avoid this condition, supply yourself with knowledge and accept the 
good advice of others and put the same into practise, and not wait for 
necessity to compel you. If you fail to act and live according to your 
stock of knowledge, you will become shipwrecked, and because of this 
fact, which is being repeated over and over again, there has been a great 
demand for the life-saving stations ; therefore, every Y. M. C. A., every 
church, and every mission should represent a beacon light to prevent 
danger. 

Those who have travelled over the same road and are advanced in years 
know all the danger rocks, and it would be inhuman on their part not to 
warn others. The allegory of the Prodigal Son has been a great beacon 
light to prevent young men from making wrecks of themselves. Because 
of the change in the social customs of to-day the young man is in greater 
danger of being wrecked than at the time that this narrative occurred, as 
we have no account of a saloon, tobacco store, or of a young man smoking 
a cigar or meerschaum pipe, and because of the peculiar physical effects 
which are produced, by forcing a habit upon himself, the young man is 
making a wreck of himself. 

The record was never greater in the world's history than at the present 

time ; but because of our present social conditions, we are compelled to 

fight the enemy with the very best implements of warfare, and that is 

knowledge, and we should so equip each young man that it will be his 

19 



290 

armor to protect him from the enemy's darts, which are saturated with 
poison, just as the armor was a protection for the body in the olden days 
of chivalry, so will knowledge be a protection against the poison of the 
cigarette. Perhaps if there had been a Y. M. C. A. in the days of the 
Prodigal Son, we would not have had his account, as he would no doubt 
have had his mind stored with practical and useful knowledge, and it 
would have prevented him from taking the course which he did, or, per- 
haps, if the social custom of smoking had been as great in those days as 
it is now, we would never have known of the Prodigal Son, as he would 
have poisoned himself with the tobacco, and would never have grown up 
to be a young man. 

There are a great many things requisite which enter into the young 
man's future destiny to make for himself a successful career. I do not 
mean that he must necessarily be a wealthy millionaire, but whatever your 
calling may be, make that opportunity a success, as the opportunities do not 
come to those who wait for something to come, as success is as foreign 
to them as the magnet is to some foreign matter which is not capable of 
being magnetized. To be a successful man there must be a removal of 
those predominating things which are positive hinderances to your suc- 
cess. 

Don't for one moment be deluded into believing that some one you know 
has been successful financially in a business which does not give value 
received to the purchaser, or some other professional practise, which by 
graft and greed have acquired great wealth. Wealth obtained in that 
way is not genuine, and may be compared to the gambler who has obtained 
his money — what was someone's loss was his gain. 

The great difficulty lies in the success of the young man that the parents 
often become over-anxious for their success, by such their better judgment 
is perverted because of the natural love that parents have for their chil- 
dren, and because of the lack of the same spirit of the young man towards 
his parents may be due to the fact, he never had known the necessity for 
him to make the effort for his own maintenance, and because the want of 
experience of his parents how to do to make their sons what they desire, 
and the lack of practical knowledge on the son's part what he should do 
to succeed, is one of the great causes of the many unsuccessful young 
men. Perhaps this might have been the cause of the Father and the Pro- 
digal Son. The son persistently annoying the father by not having a dis- 
position to give in return of what he received, and he being perplexed in 
the extreme, was tempted to give his son his portion to get clear of his 
annoyance; also, there are others because of their love for their children 
are fearful to do anything for their sons, fearing they will become prodi- 
gals. 

I am convinced the reason why we hear of so many young men going 
wrong is due to the want of experimental knowledge on the part of the 
parents and their children. I don't desire to make the impression that 
the young man to succeed must be compelled to take upon himself the 



291 

attitude of some old person who has been in business and made a suc- 
cess, but the 3'oung man to succeed in business must have those inherent 
qualities and practise the same to succeed. / could say a great deal more 
on the line of hoiv the youug man should do to be successful, as I have 
been in inany partnership businesses several times during my business 
career, but received only a large amount of experience, and will gladly 
give the same advice to those interested zvho are a possessor of this 
book hozv they may get along successfully in business, also what kind of 
a profession a young man should choose, by ivriting to the author. 



PHILADELPHIA'S NEW ERA IN POLITICS. 

As I am about to bring this book to a close, and no doubt the reader 
will observe that I have made some allusion to the corrupt political condi- 
tion of Philadelphia as being a corrupt cit}'. but as the saying is, "Never 
too late to repent," which is being verified by this recent noted wave of 
reform movement, and as the repentants will apply to the person in poli- 
tics or out, there is hope for those who have been branded as thieves in 
Philadelphia, who have been represented before the public as such, and 
their continual probing they find more and more, which causes many peo- 
ple to doubt if she will ever be able to get rid of them, and make the city 
liken to her once good name. 

If this should take place and be maintained, then it might cause one 
to think that evil was necessary to produce good results, and to do evil 
that good may come of it. this would be a new departure in church and 
in politics, precedent to any history in the past, knowing that some of the 
best men elected to office have not been able to withstand the influences 
of the political whirlpool. Heretofore those who have been elected by 
the corrupt element has always been as true to their pledge to that ele- 
ment in politics as the needle is to the pole, and as the common saying, 
"Wonders never cease," and because of this unusual departure, the poli- 
tician doubts the certainty if they should elect their man that he would 
prove true what they desire him to do. as the saying is, "Everything is 
fair in war,"' and if this be so, there is nothing to prevent this wave of 
reform reaching our capitol city, and those who are holding offices at the 
national capital, and if elected by the Republican party they are expected 
to stand by the Government in the liquor traffic business. They could as 
consistently break their pledge to their party principles, and pass a pro- 
hibitory law regarding the sale of liquor as the Hon. John Weaver has 
in doing what he has done by his sudden change. If this condition should 
come to pass by those who are holding office at the capital as here sug- 
gested, some might not think it honorable on the part of the President 
and Senate, but would it not be as honorable to do as here proposed as 
the way the liquor traffic is managed now, which is against the will of the 
people? And if it took $25,000,000 gas steal to arouse Philadelphia, one 



292 

would suppose that $1,200,000,000 would be a sufficient amount of money 
to arouse the whole of the United States, and this amount, the way it is 
used, is worse than if the gas company had stolen it, as the purchaser gets 
no value, besides saddles upon our nation an expense equal to the amount 
paid for the drink bill to support paupers, criminals, and pay court ex- 
penses, and if the rulers of our Government should pass such a prohibitory 
law regarding the manufacture and sale of Hquor, then I would be com- 
pelled to accept the theory that it is right to do evil that good may come of 
it, as it would be an evidence that evils must become so obnoxious to all 
human decency that it requires the same to cause man to rebel under such 
oppression, and to show further evidence of such a theory, I would have 
to refer you to New Jersey, she being so situated geographically between 
New York and Philadelphia, and because of the gambling spirit that was 
afforded by these two large cities, they practically stole her good name, 
and she was hung up, as it were, between two thieves because of the in- 
fluence brought to bear in the upper part of New Jersey at the Guttenberg 
race track and the lower part by Gloucester, until she became liken to 
Philadelphia, had to appeal to the influences of the church and of the legal 
powers of the State to redeem her good name, Jersey Justice. 

Hoping that history will not repeat itself with Philadelphia and be 
hung up again by thieves, like unto New Jersey, as when the spirit of re- 
form wave struck New Jersey, the opposing element resorted to legisla- 
ture to protect them in a continuance of their past doings, of having cer- 
tain laws made to defeat those who were opposing them, and to refresh 
the reformer's mind, will call to your attention that two legislative bodies 
met and contested for the right of the seat in the legislature, and before 
they would submit and allow the Republican party to take their seat and 
pass such laws that would be detrimental to the gambling interest, the 
defeated party was compelled to abandon by the force of arms ; also call 
your attention when the reform wave struck Camden by the Committee 
of One Hundred movement the good effects of the same was blasted by 
the Republican legislature passing such laws to defeat the reform move- 
ment purpose, and did it so effectually that they soon became weary of 
such contentions, and became as a unit in political management of our 
city as before, and sold out our city franchise for a considerable sum less 
money than the U. G. I. proposed gas steal. And the end of stealing has 
not yet come, as the late Red Hill-Parkside purchase for a park without 
the need of the same, but to enhance the value of adjoining land, which 
has been so thoroughly exposed by the Camden "Outlook," and believing 
such grafting would have been far greater if it had not been for the many 
exposures of the political corruption by the above-named paper, and be- 
cause of its alertness in detecting all such political stealing, it has done 
more in preventing a continuance of such than many would suppose, as 
there is not anything as much dreaded to the corrupt politician as ex- 
posure, and because of its known reputation on this line, the "Outlook" 
is a great factor in making good government, and believing there is no 



293 

other medium published in our city that its influence has been promoting 
as much good in the many homes that it reaches, and it does not take 
much of a discerning mind to see that the same spirit of true patriotism 
which is manifested in this Httle paper those same principles are the chief 
corner-stone that is practised by the "North American" for its aggressive 
denunciations against the corruption in Philadelphia politics, and its un- 
ceasing interests for a better government no doubt has been the pre-emi- 
nent cause for Mayor Weaver's new departure in politics. 

It would be too lengthy to go into the many details of Camden politics. 
I only desire to call the attention of what has happened may happen 
in a reform movement again, as the old veterans of reform movements be- 
come discouraged and pass off of this stage of action and the young re- 
former becomes imbued with the spirit of reform start in afresh to re- 
form their city without investigating the secret of the enemy's strength, 
by which they were as a unit, and because there are not enough offices 
for the numerous reformers seeking the same, many become discouraged 
and are ready to join the opposing force, and until this recent new de- 
parture in politics has taken place by the Honorable Mayor Weaver, the 
corrupt element has been as true to their political affiliations as a newly- 
married couple are to each other on their honeymoon trip. 

If this reform wave is to be as a prophecy of the Scripture, "He, the 
Devil, is to be chained for a thousand years," this reform wave is worthy 
of being called The New Era in Politics. See article, "Why There Siioi'Id 
Be Only Two Political Parties." 



IF THE SPIRIT OF REFORM TO SUPERCEDE THE PARTY? 

This question arises in the minds of many, especially when our atten- 
tion is being called daily to the great stride that Philadelphia is making 
in the line of reform, and when it keeps one guessing what will be the 
next move. It also moves one to think what the cause was of this great 
political upheaval, and to the reformer it is a great satisfaction to know 
that such a thing can take place so suddenly, yet, if one should calmly 
consider the matter, he will see that it was but the natural outcome of 
necessity, growing out of the prevailing filth and corruption. The re- 
former will sometimes lose faith and wonder if it is not likened to Jonah's 
gourd, that grew up so suddenly and then as mysteriously withered away. 

When you consider that the growth of this reform was practically nr-^t 
instituted through the instrumentality of one man, John Weaver, wc 
would not be compelled to do so much guessing if he had given the public 
a more definite reason for the sudden change; whether it was through 
prayer, as many people suppose, or, did the religious wave from Ocean 
City, whose Mayor and other city officials were converted, reach Philadel- 
phia. Whatever it may be. Mayor Weaver is entitled to the most worthy 
commendation, and we would like to be in position to give honor to those 



294 

to whom honor is due, whether it be of conviction like that of Paul, when 
he professed conversion on his way to Damascus, or through some other 
influence. If so, then he and the world would be so much the better for 
such a proclamation from him, while the public will still remain in this 
same state of guessing, and it will naturally cause them to continue to 
uphold the stand he has taken, while many might believe he is a traitor 
to those who elected him to power. There has been great praise accorded 
by a discerning public for the stand which Mayor Weaver has taken, and 
it is only natural for one to ask for more light on the subject. This is 
likened to a colored brother who was overtaken by a thunderstorm, and 
between the flashes of lightning and the heavy peals of thunder, the dark- 
ness being so great that he could not see his way, he thought it best to 
offer up a prayer, saying 'Xord, if it pleases thee, I would like to have 
a little more light and less thundering." 

Now. those who are so very exuberant over the great victory, had bet- 
ter reflect and think a while. It is not in reality a victory by the people ; 
it is all through the Mayor, and whether or not he has gained the victory 
over the influences which once held us like fetters of brass ; but now we 
must wait and see the wonder of the Lord revealed, whether it will be the 
god of mammon or the true God who will be the controlling powder at our 
next election, and see if these same good principles can be maintained for 
some time to come. 

Now, while I do not claim to be a prophet, yet I am fearful because of 
the apathy of the people, and instead of applying the motto of "'Eternal 
Vigilance is the Price of Liberty," the enemy will seek to put into opera- 
tion the former vicious ways, because they will become desperate through 
the recent conditions which have been brought to bear by our Mayor, and 
not through the sentiment on the part of the majority of the voters. As 
conditions now exist, it can be well called the New Era in Politics. 

This new era will be marked by great interest in the coming election — 
in fact, over the entire world, because at present there is an entirely new 
departure in the world of politics, and it will necessitate the marshaling 
of all the available forces to sustain the man who would dare to break 
away from the gang which was leading him as well as the city to destruc- 
tion and disgrace, and by his acts he should be honored by having the 
good judgment to act as the passage in the Scripture which says, "A 
wise man changes his mind, but the fool never." Now, whatever his mo- 
tives might have been, and whatever the success of the coming election 
may be, the w^orld wall be wiser and Philadelphia can bring such influence 
to bear that the reform will supercede the party when the party has over 
a hundred thousand majority, and many thousands more would be added 
because of the low moral condition of some people who are made so from 
the physiological effect of the 250,000 saloons in the United States, and 
Philadelphia having her portion, which from this the enemy of good gov- 
ernment will draw a large amount of resources from the various parts of 
the United States, because emergency demands the same, even if the re- 



295 

former does not raise the question of the right of the saloon, because the 
reformer is not as astute or alert to the outcome as the enemy, as they 
have a business interest as well as the spoils that goes with the offices 
when the battle comes off between the partisan and reformer, and if the 
reformer is successful, this epoch will be evidence that the world is grow- 
ing better. 



OBESITY A DISEASE. 

At middle age certain organs lose functional activity and shrink and 
waste away, demanding less blood and nerve energy. This decreased 
need for nutrition, if not heeded, will result in taking into the body more 
food than can be oxidized and used, either to build up tissue or for the 
generation of heat and energy. The result is kidneys, liver, and other 
excretory organs are overworked in the effort to remove the body wastes 
and become diseased. Then nature stores up this foul material in the 
form of fat in all the lymph spaces, between the fibers of the muscles and 
in every other odd corner in the body where it can be stowed away. In 
time this lifeless, useless structure of fat crowds out muscle, gland, and 
other normal tissues and takes their place. This is what is known as 
fatty degeneration, and always shortens life, ending often in sudden death 
from heart failure, apoplexy, diabetes, or kidney disorders. 

The prevention of obesity means regulation of diet, especially in middle 
life and when changing from an active out-of-door occupation to a seden- 
tary indoor life. Often the amount of food should be cut down from one 
fourth to one-half, especially avoiding fats and sweets, also soft foods, 
which tend to gormandizing from deficient mastication and too hasty eat- 
ing. No wine, beer, or alcoholic drink or tea or coffee should be used. 
At meals even the use of water should be restricted. Exercise should be 
taken in the open air, and deep breathing practiced to increase the intake 
of oxygen and burn up and oxidize bodily toxic matter. 

For women who, though overstout, yet retain a fair amount of physical 
vigor, the day should begin with a cold bath, plunge, spray, cold-towel 
rub, or sponge bath, after which should be taken active exercise in the 
form of work, either in the open air or in a well ventilated room, horse- 
back riding, bicycling, or a brisk walk for an hour or more. Exercise in 
a well ventilated gymnasium may be substituted for the out-of-door, but 
is not so effective and invigorating. — Housekeeper. 

P. S. — If the reader should be desirous of reducing his avoirdupois, and 
has not been successful by the advice given as above stated, the author 
would be glad to give to the rightful owner of this book his experience 
and knowledge of many years how one may reduce their avoirdupois 
without undergoing the many inconveniences that are attended in the 
regulation of their diet, also to any one who is not as fleshy as they desire 
to be, and how they may become so. 



296 

AN ANTI-CIGARETTE MOVEMENT IN SPAIN. 

The London Globe reports that the government of Spain has had 
brought to its attention the evils of racial degeneration due to the ex- 
cessive use of tobacco, especially by the young. The Minister of the In- 
terior, it is said, has drafted a bill absolutely prohibiting the sale of to- 
bacco, cigars, or cigarettes to any person under seventeen years of age, 
under penalty of fines of from $10 to $100 for each oflfense, and of im- 
prisonment in aggravated cases. It is said that the youth of Spain, espe- 
cially the working classes, are largely illy-nourished and of feeble consti- 
tutions, and that much of their scanty income is wasted on tobacco, thus 
keeping up and aggravating the evil. Tuberculosis makes great ravages 
among them, and the state of affairs is such that the government evi- 
dently thinks it full time to inaugurate a social reform to curb the evil, 
as far as the use of tobacco by the young is concerned. 



LINCOLN AND LEGAL SUASION. 

Legal suasion for the drunkard maker, 
Prison suasion for the statute breaker. 
The Maine law was passed in 1851, and the Prohibition principle was 
submitted soon in many other States. Mr. Lincoln became one of its 
foremost champions in Illinois. In 1854 he first spoke in favor of pro- 
hibition before the members of the legislature and upon its submission to 
the people he campaigned in favor of the measure in 1854 and 1855, at 
Jacksonville, Bloomington, Decatur, Dansville, Carlinville, Peoria and 
many other places. The gist of Mr. Lincoln's argument was as follows : 
"This legalized liquor traffic as carried on in the saloons and grog-shops, 
is the tragedy of civilization. Good citizenship requires that what is right 
should not only be made known but be made prevalent ; that what is evil 
should not only be detected and defeated, but destroyed. The saloon has 
proved itself to be the greatest foe, the most blighting curse upon our 
modern civilization. We must not be satisfied until the public sentiment 
of this State and the individual conscience shall be instructed to look upon 
the saloon-keeper and liquor seller, with all the license earth can give 
him, as simply and only a privileged malefactor — a criminal." — Camden 
Outlook. 



TEMPERANCE PAYS. 

"So essential are steady hands and bright wits in our trade that under 
the rules of our union no drinking man can stay in the organization. 
The first time a member or the union goes on a iob under the influence of 



^7 

liquor he is suspended for a month and fined. For the second offense he 
is summarily expelled, without hope of reinstatement. It's pretty drastic 
treatment, but we have found it the wisest way to deal with the matter." 
This plain statement, made in a Philadelphia paper by a constructor of 
elevators, is as good a temperance sermon as ever was preached. 

It is practical, and goes to the point. A man doesn't need a "better 
nature" to be appealed to by such an argument as this. It hits all alike 
where the nerves are tenderest, in a vital spot. 

There used to be a widespread delusion that worked incalculable in- 
jury, especially to the impressionable and unthinking young. It was to 
the effect that the best workmen in all lines drank. The delusion is rap- 
idly dying. And it will be a happy day for all mankind when all men 
thoroughly recognize the fact that no man who drinks much liquor is as 
efficient in any line of labor as he would be if he did not drink at all. 

The building of elevators is by no means the only business in which 
drinking is a disqualification. The railroads, the telegraph companies-, 
and all the other big commercial, industrial and financial organizations 
are drawing the lines closer and closer every day against the man who 
drinks. 

Why, hard drinking is held to be a disqualification in the saloon itself. 
The drinking bartender cannot hold his own against the sober one. 

No business man on earth knows better than the saloon-keeper himself 
that sobriety is the first essential of successful business. And the value 
of the man who "never drinks behind the bar" is at a premium. 

There is a lesson here that ought to be easy for every man to learn and 
for every boy who hopes to make the best of himself to store away as 
one of the most precious and important treasures of his education. 

To the youth who is tempted to drink there is no more important lesson 
than this, that in these times, as never before, temperance is not only a 
virtue, it pays, and is one that, in all the catalogue of virtues stands first 
and best. — Camden Outlook. 



DRINK AND THE POCKETBOOK. 



EMPHASIS ON AN IMPORTANT SIDE OF THE LIQUOR QUESTION. 



The liquor traffic has many sides. It may be that the financial side is 
less important than some others, but it should not be left out of consider- 
ation. Broken hearts, ruined homes, and lost souls are results that can- 
not be passed by lightly, but for the present the money side of the matter 
is before us. A nation cannot increase or decrease its wealth at will. It 
would be impossible to plan a colony of a hundred thousand men in the 
Sahara desert and make each one worth a million dollars in a dozen days. 
It is true, also, that if one-fourth of a nation's capital is invested in any 



298 



one industry, not more than three-fourths is available for all other lines 
of business. Whatever money a man spends for liquor he cannot spend 
for anything else. We are interested to know whether Solomon told the 
truth when he said that "the drunkard shall come to poverty." He used 
the word "winebibber," but it can stand for the user of any kind of in- 
toxicants. This verse links the drunkard with the glutton and the slug- 
gard — all are headed toward poverty. The word translated, "poverty," 
has more in it than our English word. "The winebibber shall be dis- 
possessed," is a good rendering. This shows not only the poor condi- 
tion of the drunkard, but also the course by which he has arrived there. 

1. The drunkard himself. In one sense the drunkard must decide 
every question relating to drink — he is the court of last resort and must 
say "yes" or "no" to every temptation, but, while this is true, other char- 
acters figure prominently. The drinker is the cause of his own indigence 
from two standpoints. The first is his inordinate desire for drink. Solo- 
mon talked of a man in whom the habit of intemperance was well formed. 
The process by which one becomes a drunkard may be slow or rapid, the 
causes are various, but we are dealing with the finished product of the 
saloon. He has cultivated a taste for liquor. The thirst grew insensibly, 
but gradually. At first the drink was sickening, perhaps, then it was bear- 
able, later it become desirable, while now the fumes of whisky or beer 
appeal to the appetite in a most tempting way. One who has not been 
caught in the toils of strong drink cannot understand its slavery. This 
insatiate desire, if yielded to, is a constant drain upon the pocketbook. It 
requires much money to produce it, and it is not satisfied until it has taken 
the last farthing — is it then satisfied? Go to the prison and ask a score 
of men who pawned articles or broke chests open for money to buy more 
liquor whether the appetite departs with the last dime. The grave itself 
is the only refuge for nine men in ten. The drunkard causes his own 
poverty, too, by a lack of self-control. Desire for drink might cause a 
great deal of unrest, or even physical suffering, but if it is controlled 
firmly, the purse will not suffer. All know that a physical appetite clam- 
ors for recognition — the desire for drink most vigorously, perhaps, of all. 
Whether one can or cannot keep from drinking has no special bearing here, 
for the fact is that the drunkard does not control himself, and if he 
cannot, he is a pitiable sight. His will has been forced to abdicate its 
throne and destructive appetite has been crowned with his own consent. 
Since his will has become measurably powerless, to that degree he has 
iDcen made more like the machine, or the animal. 

2. The oppressor. Left to themselves, few men would go to the gutter. 
They are imposed upon by others. The oppressor may be an open foe. 
A man that is in the employ of the devil understands how to secure the 
downfall of his enemy. If a noble youth or a reformed drunkard can be 
made to stumble by sinister methods, the result is gained and results 
favorable to themselves are all that whisky men desire. Frequently the 
oppressor is a pretended friend. It is a common sight to see one man 



299 



coaxing another to go into a saloon and have a social glass. That costs 
the man thus invited nothing, but a treat is expected, which is a double 
pull on his purse. All saloons are fitted up to make their customers enjoy 
themselves. One can find almost anything there to tempt men to enter 
and remain. All this is done under the guise of friendship. If the cus- 
tomer had no purse, and the keeper had no coffer, or if the till of the 
latter could not be filled from the pockets of the former, there would 
be no music or works of art. It seems that if no other cause would drive 
a man to be temperate, the idea of being cheated out of money under the 
pretense of friendship would be effective in turning one the other way, 

3. Drink itself. Drink itself is one of the most powerful agencies for 
producing poverty. To procure it requires money. It is true that much 
is given away among companions, but what is so received is in the end 
the most costly of all. Breweries and distilleries intend that every swal- 
low shall be paid for, and the final cost falls upon those who drink. When 
we learn that the sale of malt liquors in New York city average more 
than a barrel for every man, woman and child ; Chicago and Philadelphia 
nearly two barrels for each inhabitant ; in Boston more than two barrels ; 
in St. Louis and Cincinnati more than three barrels ; in Newark, N. J., 
nearly five barrels, and in Milwaukee seven barrels, do we doubt that 
strong drink requires money? The above figures do not include distilled 
liquors and wines. The use of liquors begets a desire to squander money. 
Drink makes most people liberal. Money is free as long as it lasts. 
Common laborers often come out of a three days' spree $25 to $50 poorer 
than before. One's own appetite requires a larger expenditure, and the 
circle of friends increases by the unwritten code of intemperance. Gam- 
bling is inseparable from drinking in this age, and furnishes a new chan- 
nel for the outflow of money. 

Drink also destroys the ability to earn mone3^ The capital melts away 
and the debt accumulates, if the man can find credit. Business expediency 
should put a stop to drinking, if no higher motive can appeal to a man. 
It is becoming harder and harder for an intemperate man to secure a 
good job on the railroad. Some roads will employ no man who goes 
into a saloon, and will discharge an employee for the first offense. Others 
that are less rigid will give the sober man preference over another appli- 
cant for a position who indulges in drink occasionally. If one of two 
men is to be discharged, the temperate is retained and the intemperate 
dismissed, if other things are equal; the ability for a drunkard to earn 
money is growing less and less every year. Much of what has been said 
about railroads is equally true of other lines of business. 

One might reply that the circulation of money is essential to business 
prosperity. That is true; but there is no circulation about the drunkard's 
money. To circulate means to go round and round, permitting the same 
man to buy with it and sell for it. That would be more like business, but 
money spent for liquor does not circulate ; it moves forward, but does not 
return. It ends in the pocket of the brewer and distiller, and the great 



300 

majority of it stays there. The ragged, red-nosed, blear-eyed drinker sees 
it no more. He sells the little cottage that his wife's money helped to 
buy and rents a home. A little later he moves into a poorer house, that 
he can get for less rent, and then he moves every month or two to dodge 
the angry landlord. But the manufacturer of his destruction stops rent- 
ing and buys a home on a good street. Later he builds a beautiful resi- 
dence on the chief avenue or boulevard, surrounds himself with all mod- 
em conveniences, and smiles at the folly of those who made him a mil- 
lionaire. The brewer is the dead sea of the drinker's finances. Nothing 
has been said of the physical suffering that drink entails upon the indi- 
vidual and his family, or of its curtailed happiness and social ostracism. 
The ruined reputation and blackened character of the drinker have not 
been referred to, but it is hoped that enough has been written to cause 
the reader to see that there is a pocketbook side to drink, and that that 
aspect of the question has some importance. To the manufacturer and 
seller of intoxicants it is the all-important consideration. But why should 
they be allowed to fatten on the weakness and folly of men? — Prof. J. M. 
Phillippi, in N. P. Observer. 



A TERRIBLE CHARGE. 



Published in the October, 1902, issue of the ''Observer." Reprinted by 

Request. 



"Prisoner at the bar, have you anything to say why sentence of death 
shall not be passed upon you?" 

A solemn hush fell over the crowded court room, and every person 
waited in almost breathless expectation for the answer to the Judge's 
question. 

The Judge waited in dignified silence. Not a whisper was heard any- 
where, and the situation had become painfully oppressive when the pris- 
oner was seen to move, his head was raised, his hand was clinched and 
the blood had rushed into his pale, care-worn face. 

Suddenly he arose to his feet, and in a low, firm, but distinct voice, said : 

"I have ! Your Honor, you have asked me a question, and I now ask, 
as the last favor on earth, that you will not interrupt my answer until I 
am through. 

"I stand here, before this bar, convicted of the wilful murder of my 
wife. Truthful witnesses have testified to the fact that I was a loafer, a 
drunkard and a wretch ; that 1 returned from one of my prolonged de- 
bauches and fired the fatal shot that killed the wife I had sworn to love, 
cherish and protect. While I have no remembrance of committing the 
fearful deed, I have no right to complain or to condemn the verdict of 
the twelve good men who have acted as the jury in the case,, for their 
verdict is in accordance with the evidence. 



301 



'"But, may it please the Court, I wish to show that I AM NOT ALONE 
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MURDER OF MY WIFE!" 
This startling statement created a tremendous sensation. 
The Judge leaned over the desk, the lawyers wheeled around and faced 
the prisoner, the jurors looked at each other in amazement, while the 
spectators could hardly suppress their intense excitement. The prisoner 
paused for a few seconds, and then continued in the same firm, distinct 
voice. 

"I repeat. Your Honor, that I am not the only one guilty of the murder 
of my wife. The Judge on this bench, the jury in the box, the lawyers 
within this bar, and most of the witnesses, including the pastor of the old 
church, are also guilty before Almighty God, and will have to stand with 
me before His Judgment Throne, where we all shall be righteously judged. 
"If it had not been for the saloons of my town, I would never have 
become a drunkard ; my wife would not have been murdered ; I would 
not be here now, ready to be hurled into eternity. Had it not been for 
these human traps, I would have been a sober man, an industrious work- 
man, a tender father and a loving husband. But to-day my home is de- 
stroyed, my wife murdered, my little children — God bless and care for 
them — cast out on the mercy of the world, while I am to be hung by the 
strong arm of the State. 

God knows I tried to reform, but as long as the open saloon was in 
my pathway, my weak, diseased will-power was no match against the 
fearful, consuming, agonizing appetite for liquor. 

"For one year our town was without a saloon. For one year I was a 
sober man. For one year my wife and children were happy, and our 
little home was a paradise. 

"I was one of those who signed remonstrances against reopening the 
saloons of our town. One-half of this jury, the prosecuting attorney on 
this case, and the Judge who sits on this bench, all voted for the saloons. 
By their votes and influence saloons were reopened, and have made me 
what I am." 

The impassioned words of the prisoner fell like coals of fire upon the 
hearts of those present, and many of the spectators and some of the law- 
yers were moved to tears. The Judge made a motion as if to stop fur- 
ther speech, when the speaker hastily said : 

"No ! No ! Your Honor ; do not close my lips ; I am nearly through. 
"I began my downward career at a saloon BAR — legalized and pro- 
tected by the voters of this town. After the saloons you allowed have 
made me a drunkard and a murderer, I am taken before another BAR — 
the bar of justice, and now the law-power will take me to the place of 
execution and hasten my soul into eternity. I shall appear before an- 
other bar, the JUDGMENT BAR OF GOD, and there you who have 
legalized the traffic will have to appear with me. Think you that the 
Great Judge will hold me — the poor, weak, helpless victim of your traffic 
— alone responsible for the murder of my wife? Nay, I, in my drunken, 



302 

frenzied, irresponsible condition, have murdered ONE — but you have de.- 
liberately voted for the saloons which have murdered thousands, and they 
are in full operation to-day with your consent. 

"All of you know in your hearts that these words of mine are not the 
ravings of an unsound mind ; but God Almighty's truth. 

"You legalized the saloons that made me a drunkard and a murderer, 
and you are guilty with me, before God and man, for the murder of my 
wife. 

"Your Honor, I am done. I am now ready to receive my sentence, and 
be led forth to the place of execution. You will close by asking the Lord 
to have mercy upon my soul. I will close by solemnly asking God to 
open your blind eyes to your own individual responsibility, so that you 
will cease to give your support to this dreadful traffic." 



SWEARING A SAFETY VALVE. 

Swearing has become such a custom with many that they apparently 
resort to it as a safety valve. This custom of giving expression to one's 
feeling is apparently as old as the human race, as we have many accounts 
of such references in the Bible, by referring to where Job's wife advises 
him to curse God and die, and as an evidence of this custom in Bible times, 
this was one of the Ten Commandments, "Thou shalt not take the name 
of the Lord thy God in vain for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who 
taketh his name in vain ;" therefore, this custom of swearing is not only a 
violation of God's law, but a violation of the state law, and there being a 
penalty attached to each and every oath. If this law were enforced, and 
each one had to bear his own proportion of penalty, and as many times 
as he has violated the law, the whole nation would be bankrupt. It will 
be useless to go into a lengthy detail of this present custom, as one can 
scarcely walk a block unless he hears an oath from some one, often from 
persons of whom you would expect better language. The effect of this 
habit is far more reaching in its influence than many are aware of, as imi- 
tatiye habit is one of man's inherent qualities, and when a boy hears or 
sees a well-dresssed gentleman using such indecent language, the boy 
reasons at once, it is man-like, for this reason this custom is acquired very 
young. The influence of such is a great hinderance to producing a good 
class of citizens, as any one who takes upon himself the custom of swear- 
ing does it knowingly, that it is a disrespect to his Creator by defying His 
Commandments, and for the same disrespect the young man will be more 
inclined to disrespect his parents. If you show me the young man con- 
tinually using cuss-words, you need not look any further for his reputa- 
tion if you should be desirous of securing his services, because he is doing 
so knowingly in violation of good manners. 

There are many bad effects the habit of swearing produces on the per- 
son ; the greatest is, it is mostly used in anger, and often on the person 



303 

upon whom the vengeance is designed; and because of this, animal passion 
at that time predominates over reason, and can only be compared liken to 
certain animal that makes very loud noise before the fray begins, each en- 
deavoring to intimidate the other by the loud noise, and when the boy or 
man uses such indecent language as swearing in a controversy or a dis- 
pute, he not only excites anger in his opponent, but instead of the cursing 
being a vent to his inward wrath, it only has a tendency to excite himself 
to a greater anger, as the words spoken by himself have an influence on 
his own personal being; therefore, because of this low distasteful custom 
of swearing there is no doubt but what there are th,ousands,of crimes com- 
mitted, and many murders have resulted because of the first beginning of 
cuss-words. 

If any reader should be desirous of abandoning the habit of swearing,, 
and is unable to do so, the author would only be too glad to give him ad- 
vice how he may overcome his besetment. 



ONE OF THE EVILS OF LEGISLATION. 

One of the evils which accompany the concentration of vast trade inter- 
ests managed by one or two or half a dozen master minds is the united 
power which they are enabled to exert to influence legislation. Every 
legislative season we witness at every state capitol the workings of these 
corporations whose interests are supposed to be threatened by hostile leg- 
islation. It would be more correct to say that their workings are not seen 
for they operate under darkness and in secret and we see only the conse- 
quences of their bad activity. Theirs is like the work of the cut worm. 
Its presence is not suspected until the blade of corn begins to turn sickly 
yellow and the once vigorous and promising stalk withers and dies. At 
its root or in its heart the substance has been eaten. And likewise, when 
a law is proposed which promises much for the public good, honest men 
favor it. Many of them speak for it bravely. But of a sudden their ton- 
gues are palsied, their vigorous support fails. They "see in a new light" 
as the phrase goes but it is the light of the dark lantern, it is the light of 
the lobby lawyer who works mostly after midnight. When once he 
touches an honest heart, manhood withers and decays and that is why so 
many men who have sat in legislative assemblies, council chambers or state 
Capitols of national congress, wear that look of sickly fear lest honest 
people may see their cankerous hearts, may see the cut worm's blight, may 
smell the pottage for which they have sold their souls. 



SALOONS IN FULL BLAST. 

Editor "The Ram's Horn." 

Replying to your inquiry. The election last January was a victory for 
the "wet" forces. We now have twenty-nine saloons in full blast. There 



304 

is no building by the railroad company. A syndicate that wished to invest 
half a million dollars in this town, providing the saloons were shut out, 
after investigating conditions, decided not to do so. 

The clerk in the Cleveland Trust Company's bank here said she noticed 
a very marked difference in the amount of money deposited by the labor- 
ing men now and when the town was dry. Very many of the railroad em- 
ployes, w^ho used to make monthly deposits, now turn their time checks 
over to the saloonkeepers before pay day. 

I am as sorry as any one to record such facts as these, but we must face 
the truth, and meet conditions as they are. I have been informed, but 
have not fully verified the statement, that the Cleveland Brewing Company 
is buying all the choice lots they can in town, hoping, it is thought, to be 
able to control the votes of future tenants. One sometimes feels like cry- 
ing out, "O Lord, how long!" 

We believe, however, that God is in His world and in His ow^n good 
time "we shall reap if we faint not." 

Collinwood, O. C. L. P. 

(The above is a fair sample of conditions which may be expected in any 
city which deliberately turns its back on a great opportunity and allows 
the saloon to triumph. Editor.) 



SEVEN REASONS WHY. 

An article giving numerous reasons why the British government ought 
not to take over the sale of intoxicating drinks recently appeared in a 
journal published on the other side of the water. The gist of the argu- 
ment may be thus presented : 

T. It is to give general consent to that which most people consider a 
great evil. 

2. It is making the liquor traffic respectable. 

3. A man begins in respectable municipal saloons, and goes down to the 
lowest grogshops. 

4. It would not eliminate private profit. Brewers and distillers would 
not be affected. 

5. It would not eliminate political influence. The publican is not so im- 
portant a factor as formerly. 

6. It would not be obtained easily. Too many statesmen are financially 
interested. Lord Salisbury . owns 11, public-houses ; Lord Dunraven 11, 
the Duke of Derby 72, the Duke of Bedford 50, the Duke of Devonshire 
47, Lord Hartington 6, the Duke of Rutland 2)T^ the Duke of Northumber- 
land 36, Lord Dudley Z7), Lord Cowper 22 ; total 325. 

7. The Trade is against it. 



305 

THE PARENTS' PART. 

Don't make either the boy or girl blush by teasing them about love 
affairs. No doubt they have love's young dreams and ideals. Guide them 
so that they shall have proper young associates of both sexes at home, and 
never notice the extra time spent in adjusting neckties and trying to culti- 
vate whiskers, or, if a girl, the extra care about clothing; and if given to 
melancholy and other morbid mental symptoms, plan a picnic, horseback 
ride, or mountain climb, or get them interested in some useful employment. 

If the youth can be led to settle on some future life purpose and be in- 
duced to plan and prepare for it, half the battle is won. A worthy life 
aim is a beacon light which will guide the young into the safe haven of a 
manhood made stable by a foundation of good health and good habits. 

The mother's work for her daughters should be to teach by precept and 
example self-control and the need of directing life's words and acts by 
rules founded on correct principles instead of the impulses and emotions. 
Teach them to respect themselves too much either to mutilate their bodies 
by wrong habits of dressing, eating, drinking, idleness, or dissipation, or 
their minds and morals by vain thoughts and imaginations or giving way 
to nervous hysterical outbursts of passions and emotions. Tell them of 
the terrible life destruction and disasters that have resulted from scream- 
ing at fires and raising a panic, even when there was no cause for excite- 
ment. 

Encourage the bewildered youth to speak freely of his doubts, fears, and 
skepticism to father and mother, and don't make him feel that they and 
the Lord both look upon him. as a doomed, incorrigible reprobate. The 
Master did not reproach a doubting Thomas because he must have abso- 
lute sight before he would believe. — Housekeeper. 



THE POWER OF A CHILD. 

It was evening, and Brown's saloon was filled with a noisy throng of 
boys and men, when suddenly above the din a childish voice arose in song, 
and through the thin partition came the words : 

Take the name of Jesus with you. 

Child of sorrow and of woe ; 
It will joy and comfort give you, 

Take it, then, where'er you go. 

"That's my daughter Bessie," said the saloonkeeper. "I don't take 
much stock in such songs, but she learnt it at Sunday-school." 

"Better hush her up. Brown,; she'll hurt your business," whispered a 
man. 

20 



3o6 

The clear, childish voice again took up the refrain : 

Take the name of Jesus with you, 

As a shield from every snare, 
If temptations round you gather, 

Breathe that holy name in prayer. 

A young man standing by the bar resolutely put down his glass and 
went out; another young man — his companion — followed him. "What's 
the trouble, Will?" questioned his companion. 

"Trouble enough. I've a praying mother, Tom, who has been all my 
life praying for me, and I had forgotten till a moment ago. That song 
recalled it. I am lost — forever lost !" 

"Not if that song be true, Will. I had a praying mother myself, once, 
and God knows I loved her, though I have never tried to follow her coun- 
sel." 

The young men gazed on each other in blank despair. 

"What is there in the name of Jesus to save?" 

As if in answer, the sweet, childish voice reached them still : 

Oh, the precious name of Jesus, 
How it thrills our souls with joy! 

When His loving arms receive us, 
And His songs our tongues employ. 

"I can't give up drink now," said Will, as he clasped his hands in mute 
dispair. 

"O, Will, let us break away from it altogether ; it is destroying our 
lives." 

"If I only could ! Oh, if I only could !" 

"If that song be true, we need not despair. The dying thief was saved 
on the cross, and we haven't gone that far yet. Come across to my room. 
I've a Bible there in my trunk that mother gave me." 

The young men entered the room, and bent close over the open Book 
which had been sealed to them so long. 

"Whosoever will, yet him take." "Ho ! every one that thirsteth, come." 
"I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance." What new 
and wonderful meaning the words held ! How they thrilled the hearts of 
the young men with hope and courage ! 

" 'Though your sins be as scarlet.' That's me," sobbed Will. 

"But read on, read on ! It says, 'They shall be white as snow.' Oh, the 
beauty of such religion which can blot out the wickedness of the past and 
preserve us from future evil !" 

It is three weeks later, and in a quiet home, far from the din of the city, 
a sad-faced mother is performing her usual round of duties. 

"It is so long now," she sighed, "and then it was a mere line, stating 
that he was well. O God, preserve my boy, and bring him to Thy king- 
dom." — Camden Outlook. 



307 

POWER OF MONEY. 

There never has been a time in the world's history that conditions are 
so favorable to bring out all the attributes belonging to the human race. 
The predominate nature is to secure riches, because of our present condi- 
tions for the growing of wealth, and as wealth has increased the same 
has caused those who have not been blessed with a large amount of 
worldly goods to be tempted to procure money at a sacrifice of their repu- 
tation. They act on the spirit of the advice the father gave to his son, 
to get money honestly if you can, if not, get it anyhow. This same prin- 
ciple is being perpetuated like-father-like-son, and because of this pre- 
dominating principle, riches beget a desire for riches. Not a miserly 
riches but for pomposity, because of those who are reputed to be wealthy 
make such a gorgeous display his desire for wealth increases, and he is 
not willing to plod his way like many he knows have done to be wealthy, 
and without investigating how they became so, and before they will resort 
to plodding, like a few that I refer to, their early history will prove that 
plodding was their success, such as Wanamaker, Armour, Carnegie, and 
many others might be mentioned, they will prefer to take the short cut to 
get rich, and invest their all or mortgage their future to procure riches, 
by so doing they have given way to the gambling propensity. 

But to avoid such a spirit of getting money anyhow, they should read 
those books which tend to develop a regime of thought that will cause you 
to shun the attempt of making money in any other way except honestly. 
If the reading of the story of a desperado, we would naturally suppose 
the reading of a book entitled, ''Success and Achievers" would cause a 
young man to establish a record of a good character and an honest busi- 
ness man. 

The writer is so firmly convinced in the principles of sowing seeds of 
thought, he donated to the Y. M. C. A., of Camden, a number of these 
books of the above title, of which he at that time had the honor of being 
one of the directors, but believing in the saying in honor, preferring an- 
other, the older giving a place to the young, the honor of being a direc- 
tor was transferred to his son. But his absence did not transfer his in- 
terest as an evidence of the same those who may perchance to read the 
many advices that this book contains to the young man. 



CONCLUSION. 



Believing that many of the subjects of this book will be criticised as to 
the author's motive, and for this reason I wish to disabuse from the minds 
all such who may criticise other than a good purpose, and believing there 
are many individuals as well as the rulers of our government who are 
deficient' and obtuse regarding the knowledge of the nation's need, and 
have endeavored to write in this terse manner. 

Hoping these gems of thought will take root in the minds of those who 
have erred in judgment in the selection of the business or the mistake 
some have made in forming false appetites, and all that may read will be 
received in good faith of its purpose, and be benefited thereby. But know- 
ing that many of the subjects are not in harmony with the way some peo- 
ple make their living of holding political offices, and from the business 
they are engaged in, and may incur the ill will of some one whose busi- 
ness is affected thereby, and will receive the approbation of others who 
are opposed to such business because of the many useful advices, but I 
having a conviction of the old adage, "The greatest good to the greatest 
number," and the spirit of Abraham Lincoln, "Good will to all and malice 
toward none," I have been impressed to write my way of thinking, and 
have also inserted the writings and sayings of others, believing that many 
will be benefited morally, physically, and financially, by practising the 
many sayings and advices. Trusting they will be received with the same 
good intention as is often said, "Our best friends tell us of our faults and 
show us how to correct them." 

Yours respectfully, 

S. B. GOFF. 



308 



INDEX. 



page; 

Assurance for Success by Forming a New Political Party i88 

Brewers' and Distillers' Rights and What the Government Should Do, 

The 198 

Causes of ^Money Panics and Depression on Business, The 86 

Decline of the Christian Religion and the Rise of Catholicism and 

Mormonism, The 98 

Drink and the Pocketbook 297 

Effect of Tobacco on the Brain, The 229 

Emigrant Question, The : Indiscrimination in Admitting Immigrants 

to the United States 213 

Essays of Prominent Men on the Use and Abuse of Intoxicating 

Liquors 69 

Evils of Life Insurance vs. Their Benefits, The 224 

Government Should Appropriate $10,000,000 Annually for Educational 

Purposes, The 210 

Has Religion a Place in Politics ? Yes 92 

How the Environments Cause the First Downward Step of Both Boy 

and Man by the Indulgence in the Use of Tobacco 5 

How to Control the Liquor Business Without a License or a Party to 

Control It 202 

How to Stop Legalized Drunkard-making 132 

Indictment for Malfeasance in Office ; Against Those Who Execute 

Our Laws 193 

Is a Respectable Saloon Less Harmful ? 58 

Is the World Growing Better ? 165 

Liquor Traffic and Modern Civilization 40 

Liquor Traffic and Wages, The 80 

Liquor Traffic is Not the Only Nuisance, The 220 

Necessity for a New Political Party, The 175 

Philadelphia's New Era in Politics 291 

Physical Effect of Tobacco on the System 2^ 

Proposed Issues for a New Political Party 184 

Race Problem, The 217 

Saloon-keeper's Legal Rights, The 200 

Saloon Peril, The 120 

Should Not the Government be Held Responsible for the Damages 

Growing out of the Liquor Traffic ? 195 

309 



310 

PAGE 

Spirit of Reform Supersedes the Party 293 

Suggestions How to Organize a New Political Party 182 

Why Do People Drink Intoxicating Liquors ? 54 

Why I Am a Democrat : Why I am a Republican : Why I am a Pro- 
hibitionist 154 

Why People are Bound to Have Liquor, and Why You Can't Prevent 

Them 134 

Why People Smoke and Use Narcotics 226 

Why Religion is Not Equal to Its Demands 114 

Why the Anti-Saloon League Does Not Succeed 129 

Why the Canteen is Detrimental to the Army 139 

Why the Parochial School is a Curse to the Church, a Menace to the 

Nation 94 

Why the Prohibition of the Sale of Liquor is Called Sumptuary 137 

Why the Prohibition Party Has Not Succeeded in Accomplishing Its 

Purpose 151 

Why There Should Be Only Two Political Parties 178 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A Copy of the Epitaph on the Tombstone of Jefferson Davis 270 

Action of Alcohol: Why and How It makes a Man Intoxicated 242 

Action of Tobacco on the Circulation 31 

Address by Volney B. Cushing "j^ 

Advice to Young Men 288 

Against the Canteen 249 

Alcohol and Vice : Cause and Effect 264 

Alcohol in the Arts 271 

Alcoholism in Children 244 

Alcoholism in France : Paris Physician Traces His Country's Ills to 

Drink 288 

American Lawlessness : Larger Number of Murders in Georgia in One 

Year than in British Empire 240 

An Awful But True Indictment 246 

Andrew Carnegie's Biggest Benefactions 268 

An Essay on Habit 16 

A Nuisance that Should Not Be Tolerated 223 

Are Those Who Oppose Liquor Traffic Hypocrites? 43 

A Sailor's Sermon 236 

A Short Story by Tallie Morgan 74 

A Terrible Charge 300 

An Anti-Cigarette Movement in Spain 296 

Can J\Ien Be Legislated Into Good Morals ? 46 

Cigarette Business in Other Countries, The 257 

Cigarette Under Ban on Reading Railroad 17 

Cost of Smoking Three Cigars a Day at Five Cents Each 88 

Cost to Our Nation, The 170 

Crime to Carry a Cigarette in Indiana 19 



311 

PAOK 

Does the Use of Tobacco Cause Railroad Accidents? 229 

Drink Doesn't Pay 286 

Effect of Narcotics, The 3^ 

Effects of Tobacco on Young People 29 

Eleventh Commandment of Commerce 261 

England Cutting Down the Expenditure for Rum 246 

England Sobering Up: A Significant Feature of Austin Chamberlain's 

Budget Speech 287 

Everybody's Enemy : Compared with Whisky, the Worst Man is Harm- 
less 255 

Folk Points Out Perils of the Unenforced Law 278' 

How Alcohol Affects the Nerves 35> 

How Tobacco Affects the Nerves 39 

Illegal Now to Give Cigarettes to Minors 18 

Is the Spirit of Reform to Supersede the Party? 293 

Influence of Environments on the Growth of the Human Race 72 

Is Tobacco A Food ? 28 

Landlord-Tenant Cases 169 

Life Insurance and the "Equitable Life" Scandal 277 

Lincoln and Legal Suasion 296 

Liquor and Longevity 241 

Liquor in the Philippines 67 

Los Angeles Local Option Defeat 163 

Ministers' Share in Rum Trade Deplored : Bishop Potter's Dedication 

of Saloon 245 

Modern Tendency to Mortgage the Future 305 

Mormons and Alormonism: Origin of Polygamy Among the Mormons. 105 

Negro Problem, The 281 

No Agreement Between the Rum Traffic and Civilization 52 

Obesity a Disease ". : 295 

Obeying Orders 231 

Only One Opinion Possible 254 

Our Ten Million Poor 232 

One of the Evils of Legislation 303 

Partisanship's Precedence Over Reform .252 

Parents' Part, The 306 

Power of Money 308 

Power of a Child 306 

Personal Liberty Explosion 267 

Relation of Alcohol to the Digestive Organs ;^2 

Relation of Alcohol to Insanity, The 237 

Remarks 187 

Remarks to the Young Man 20 

Rockefeller Gives Ten Million Dollars to Aid Higher Education 269 

Rubric of Rum, The 237 

Saloon an Agency of Destruction, The 50 



312 

PAGE 

Schoolboys Smoking Cigarettes 247 

Scientific Testimony on Beer by Senator J. H. Gallinger 143 

Slavery of Rum, The 237 

Sorrow in Heaven 287 

Swallowing Dirt 244 

Swearing a Safety Valve 302 

Saloons in Full Blast 303 

Seven Reasons Why 304 

True Republican Suggested as a Name for New Party 178 

Tariff Defined in a Nutshell : For the Laboring man 262 

Testimonials of Abstainers 258 

Thanksgiving Suggestions 254 

This Combination, the Clergyman says, Will Soon End in Smash 265 

Throwing Votes Away 250 

Tobacco : Napoleon's First Smoke 2>1 

Temperance Pays 296 

Use of Tobacco from a Moral Point of View 30 

Water Drinking One of the Best Means to Keep Health 275 

What the Farmer Loses Through the Traffic 85 

Whisky Good and Bad : Ingersoll's Eulogy of Whisky 241 



